Bolotovsky apulo - mchere wodziwika bwino wa oryol kuswana, anakumana nawo m'munda nthawi zambiri monga watsopano nyengo yozizira yozizira.
Kuyamikirika kukoma kwabwino, kusunga bwino khalidwe la zipatso, zokolola zokhazikika, kulola alimi kudalira phindu la pachaka.
Maapulo amadya mwatsopano, zouma, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga juices, jams, amateteza, compotes. Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi cha apulo mitundu Bolotovskoe mu nkhaniyi.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Apple Bolotovskoe - chisanu chosagwira, yozizira, ndi chitetezo chokwanira chabwinoomwe ali ndi Vf gene, kupanga apulo kuteteza ku nkhanambo. Pereka.
Kuchokera mu 1997 mpaka 2002 iye anayesedwa mogwirizana ndi ndondomeko ya mayeso a boma. Mu 2002, adalowa mu Register Register.
M'nyengo yozizira mitundu ina ya mitengo ya apulo imaphatikizansopo: Zavetny, Lada, Persiyanka, Rossoshansky ndi Jubilee ya Moscow.
Kukonza ndi kusungirako
The apulo tree Bolotovskoe ndi kudzikonda. Yabwino kwambiri pollinator mitundu ndi autumn ndi yozizira mitundu.
Kuwonjezera moyo wa alumali (mpaka miyezi isanu kuchokera pa tsiku lochotsedwerako), chipatso chimayikidwa mufiriji.
Kusankhidwa bwino chinyezi ndi kutentha mu yosungirako kudzaonetsetsa kuti ma apulo Bolotovsky asungire kukoma kwapachiyambi ndi wogula akudandaulira kupyola muzamulo.
Tsatanetsatane wa zosiyanasiyana Bolotovsky
Crohn m'masewu omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi nthambi zowonongeka, pafupi ndi chozungulira ndi kukula pang'ono kumtunda. Nthambi zikuluzikulu zimachokerana wina ndi mzake panthawi ya chitukuko, chotero korona si yowopsya.
Kutalika kwa mtengo pamwamba payeso. Zing'onozing'ono zimakula mofulumira, ndipo mizu ndi gawo lapamwamba la mtengo zimakhala chimodzimodzi.
Thunthu la thunthu ndi nthambi zokhala ndi makungwa ozizira. Akuwombera brownish mtundu, ndi pang'ono peresenti ya m'mphepete, mbali mu mtanda.
Akulu chiwerengero cha wobiriwira misa ya Bolotovsky apulo zosiyanasiyana amadziwika ndi lalikulu, mdima wobiriwira masamba a pang'ono elongated mawonekedwe.
Mitsempha imawonedwa bwino, yochuluka, yovuta, chifukwa cha zomwe masamba amawoneka akuwombera. Pamwamba pa masamba, atakhala wandiweyani ndi amphamvu petioles, opambana. Mphepete mwa cereate, gawo lakumwamba limatha kupotoza.
Maluwa pa mapesi aatali, opangidwa ndi msuzi wozungulira, wamtundu, wobiriwira pang'onopang'ono. Pamene kutsegula pamakhala palipadera. Anthers amakulira pamwamba pa zonyansa, chigawo cha pistil sichinakonzedwe.
Chipatso cha zipatso wokoma ndi wowawasa, wokoma, wokomaN'chifukwa chake Bolotovskoe apulo ndi wa mchere mitundu. Zipatso ndi zazikulu, zowonongeka, zolemera mpaka 160 g.
Mitundu yotsatirayi ingadzitamande kwambiri: Orlovsky Mpainiya, Ekranny, Bolshaya Narodnoe, Orlinka ndi Aromatny.
Kuwombera kwakukulu, pa siteji ya kukhwima kasupe wobiriwira kapena wachikasu ndi choyera choyera.
Pakuyaka kwathunthu, bulauni chofiira kwambiri chofiira chikuwoneka pa peel, yopangidwa ndi mikwingwirima yambiri ndi specks. Pamwamba pa peel ndi wochuluka ndipo alibe sera.
Nyama yowongoka ili ndi ubwino wabwino, wotumbululuka. Tsinde ndi lolimba, lakuda, molunjika.
Gawoli likuwoneka, kuti nsanamira ya kuya kwazitali, yopapatiza. Sakani chiwerengero pamsinkhu wa zisanu - 4, 27, wogula wogula kunja - 4, 3 mfundo.
Chithunzi
Mbiri yobereka
Mitundu yosakanikirana, yolimidwa kuyambira 1977. Wathokoza chifukwa cha khama la All-Russian Research Institute, lomwe linagwira ntchito ku Orel. V. V. Zhdanov, Z. M. Serova, Yu I. I. Khabarov ndi gulu la asayansi loyendetsedwa ndi wophunzira Yevgeny Nikolayevich Sedymamene ankagwira ntchito kuswana zosiyanasiyana Bolotovsky.
Pa ntchito yoswana, zosiyanasiyana za Skryzhapel ndi mtengo wa apulo 1924 zinagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chigawo cha kukula ndi kufalitsa
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yofanana ndi nyengo yachisanu ndipo imadziwika ngati yoyenera kulima mafakitale m'mlengalenga Central Black Earth dera.
Zimanyamula chisanu mpaka 38C. At -42C mphukira zazing'ono zowonongeka.
Oyenera kukula m'madera ndi nyengo zotentha, mwachitsanzo, kumadera akumwera a Russian Federation, Ukraine.
Komanso kubzala m'derali ndi mitundu yabwino: Golden Delicious, Malinovka, Starkrimson, Uslada ndi Kvinti.
Pereka
Kulima kuli kolimba, ndi nyengo yabwino nyengo iliyonse (ngati panthawi yamaluwa maluwa munalibe chisanu kapena mvula yambiri).
ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI! Kutaya nthawi yokolola kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zipatso zomwe zimayenera kusungirako kapena kugulitsa monga mankhwala atsopano, monga maapulo amayamba kugwa kwambiri.
Fruiting yogwira ntchito imayamba kuchokera zaka 7-8 kukula kwa mbande zokhazikitsidwa.
Mtengo umodzi waukulu umatha kupereka mpaka makilogalamu 200 a maapulo pa nyengo. Kukula kwazitsamba za chipatso kumakhala pakati pa September.
Zokolola zabwino zimasonyezedwa ndi mitundu: Zima Hrushovka, Shtriel, Aloe Oyambirira, Marat Busurin ndi Antonovka wamba.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Agrotechnics kukula apulo mitundu Bolotovskie zofanana kwa chikhalidwe.
Mbande zabzala poyera kumayambiriro / pakati / mapeto a mwezi wachiwiri masika kapena autumn - mwezi umodzi ndi theka isanayambe kutentha kwa usiku ndi chisanu pansi.
Kusankha malo kubzala Bolotovsky apulo sapling yaing'ono munda, zokonda zimaperekedwa ku madera a dzuwakutali ndi madera okhala pansi pamadzi.
Manyowa amalowa mu dzenje lakudzala (kompositi, humus, peat, sulphide sulfure, superphosphate, phulusa) idzapatsa mbeu ndi zakudya zonse m'chaka choyamba cha kukula.
Chirichonse mtengo wachinyamata umafunika mu miyezi khumi ndi iwiri mutabzala kuthirira, kutetezera ku makoswe ndi tizilombo.
Bolotovsky maapulo kwambiri wodzichepetsa mu chisamaliro. Poonetsetsa kuti mitengo yapamwamba imakhala yoyenera, mitengoyo imachepetsa kuchepa kwa mitengo yomwe ili ndi thanzi labwino chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chisamaliro pa zaka zisanu zoyambirira.
Zomwe zimayambira pazinthu zamakono zofunikira:
- Kutchera nthawi yake (kumasula mvula ndi kuthirira, kuchotsa namsongole).
- Kumayambiriro kwa feteleza zovuta, kuyambira chaka chachiwiri cha chitukuko (kuganizira momwe nthaka ikuyendera).
- Kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zowonongeka.
- Kupanga korona atasiya kuyamwa kutaya.
- Chitetezo cha thunthu kuchokera ku makoswe m'nyengo yozizira (kumangiriza mbali ya pansi ya thunthu ndi khungwa lakuya kuchokera ku mtengo wathanzi, waya wamtundu pamwamba pa bango, udzu).
- Zotsutsana ndi kuwotchedwa kwa thunthu ndi nthambi za chigoba (kumangirira ndi hessian, kuphulika).
- Kupopera mbewu motsutsana ndi mbozi, alangizi, nyerere ndi tizirombo tina tizilombo.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mitengo ya Bolotovsky imakhala ndi chitetezo cha innate kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zimachititsa //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html.
Mitundu ina ya matenda yomwe ingakhudze maapulo:
- Mame a Mealy.
- Cytosporosis.
- Bakiteriya amatenthe.
- Milky shine.
- Zipatso zowola.
- Khansara yakuda
Kulimbana powdery mildew, maonekedwe oyambirira omwe amapezeka ndi mawonekedwe a masamba obiriwira, kupopera mankhwala ndi Topaz kapena Bordeaux madzi pa masamba atatha, atatha maluwa komanso atatha kukolola, amathandiza.
Cytosporosis - matenda a fungal, omwe amakhudza makungwa a mitengo ya apulo, samakhudza mitengo yomwe imalandira kupopera mbewu kwa Hom (mkuwa wa chlorine) katatu mu nyengo.
Bakiteriya amatenthe zimayambitsa kutsutsa kwa mbande za tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuchokera pamenepo masambawo amatembenuka wakuda ndikuuma.
Kuti musakhale malo osadziwika a matenda a mitengo yomwe ilipo kale, musabweretse zipangizo zopanda phindu ndi masamba owonongeka.
Kupewera patsogolo kuyaka kwamatsengayomwe imawonetseredwa ndi mpweya wa mlengalenga pa masamba ndi mdima wakuda pa thunthu, ndiko kudya mitengo nthawi zonse ndi zofunikira zoyenera, kudulira kwabwino nthambizo ndikutsatidwa ndi mabala oyambitsa.
Kulimbana zipatso zowolazomwe zimatembenuza maapulo kukhala mankhwala osadulidwa komanso osagwiritsidwa ntchito, amathandiza mankhwala omwewo Man.
Khansara yakuda zimatsimikiziridwa ndi matabwa osokonezedwa, osweka ndi matabwa ambirimbiri pamdima. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi kulimbana ndi makungwa omwe amafooketsa mbewu ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matendawa.
Njira yowonjezereka ndiyo kudulira malo okhudzidwa, potsatira chisindikizo cha "penechki", kupopera mbewu zamkuwa sulphate mutatha maluwa.
Mitundu yambiri ya tizirombo ta mitengo ya apulo:
- Listovertka (yotetezedwa ndi yankho la nitrophen kapena chlorophos).
- Aphid (kumenyana ndi karbofos, kulowetsa fodya).
- Tsamba lofiira (kuthandizani kuchotsa dicofol, karbofos).
- Apple mole (yesani yankho la chlorophos kapena zolone).
- Maluwa (mankhwala omwewo ndi olimbana ndi nkhuku yofiira).
- Moth (mankhwala omwewo ndi olimbana ndi nkhuku yofiira).
Ngakhale kuti mbiri ya zaka makumi asanu ndi iwiri ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mpikisano pakati pa mitundu yatsopano, Bolotovsky apulo akadali wotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa.
Kuyambira kalasi chisanu chokanika, chosamalidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo zipatso ndi zokoma, zosungidwa bwino, ndi mankhwala omwe amafunidwa kuti apange madzi ndi jams.
Penyani kanema pa apulo zosiyanasiyana Bolotovskoe.
