Aliyense amadziwa kuti wamaluwawo ndi anthu ogwira ntchito mwakhama ndipo amafuna kuyesa. Izi zikuwonekeranso m'madera ambiri momwe mitundu ndi mitundu yodziŵika bwino imakhala pamodzi ndi mbewu zosawerengeka zotsatilidwa. Ndipo kawirikawiri mayeso oterowo amapereka zotsatira zomveka. Imodzi mwa zomera izi ndi chufa, zomwe ndi zoyenera kuyang'anitsitsa.
Kufotokozera
Chufa (komanso amondi amchere, kapena syt chodyera) amawoneka ngati wild sedge. Ndi chitsamba chodabwitsa cha kukula kwapakati: chimakula mpaka kutalika kwa 30-90 masentimita. 
Mzere wochepa kwambiri wa tchalitchi chamtunduwu umatulutsa mabokosi a masamba, omwe ali ndi pafupi 3 mpaka 3 masentimita 3 mpaka 10. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amodzi amasonkhanitsidwa ndi "ambulera" - mtundu wofiira wa nondescript umachotsedwa ndi mphepo.
Phunzirani za phindu la mtedza monga mtedza wa macadamia, pecans, pistachios, mtedza wa pine, mtedza wa brazil, makoswe, makoswe.Koma kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mitundu iyi ndi, ndithudi, rhizome. Zimapangidwa bwino: stolons amayamba kuchokera ku mizu, yokhala ndi ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono, tomwe timakhala ngati mtedza.
Ndi kutalika kwa masentimita atatu ndi kupitirira kwa 1, njirazi zimafanana ndi mtedza wa amondi kulawa, chifukwa cha mtundu umenewo uli ndi dzina lake lachiwiri. Mnofu woyera wa tubers ndi wokoma koma m'malo movuta.
Mtundu wake umasiyana ndi zofiirira zofiira mpaka pinki kapena zachikasu, ndipo zidutswa zapakati pa 3-6 zidutswa pamwamba. 
Ndikofunikira! Mitsempha imaonekera momveka bwino panthawi yosungirako - pamwamba pa zipatso zatsopano zowonongeka zimakhala zosavuta kukhudza.
Chomeracho chinabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Italy ndi Spain, komwe kunachokera kumpoto kwa Afrika - kumadera oyambirira, chufa idadyedwa zaka mazana anayi zapitazo (ichi chinali chosangalatsa cha Aigupto, okhala ku Morocco ndi Sudan).
Maamondi a dothi sali ovuta kunthaka, komabe zipatso zabwino zimachotsedwa ku dothi lachonde ndi lopanda kanthu - m'mikhalidwe yotereyi, mizu ikhoza kubala 400-800 (ndipo ngakhale mpaka 1000) mizere yonse.
M'madera otentha, chufa amalimidwa monga chomera chaka ndi chaka, pamene nyengo yofunda, nyengo yamaluwa ndi fruiting imayamba m'chaka chachiwiri. 
Kupanga
Pa 100 g ya mankhwalawa muli:
- 18.6 g wa mapuloteni;
- 53.7 g mafuta;
- 13 g wa chakudya;
- osachepera 10 g wa wowuma;
- madzi ena ndi zakudya zowonjezera, zomwe zimayambira pamwamba pa fiber.
Mitengo ya zakudya imeneyi imasonyezedwa ndi kalori wokhudzana ndi kalori - 609 kcal / 100 g. Chufa imakhala katatu kuposa ma amondi m'chizindikiro ichi, ndipo 150 g ya mankhwala patsiku imaphimba tsiku ndi tsiku zofunikira za mafuta a zamasamba.
Mukudziwa? Ku Igupto wakale, masamba a chufa ndi mizu ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azitsitsimutsa ndi kusangalatsa nyumba ndi zovala.
Ngati muyang'ana mosamala, zimapezeka kuti tubers ali ndi:
- mavitamini A, B, C, E (zochuluka za zinthu mu gulu B);
- lipid;
- oleic acid omega-9;
- chitsulo ndi zinki;
- Zotsatira zina mwa mawonekedwe a mkuwa ndi potassium, selenium ndi ayodini, calcium ndi phosphorous, komanso sodium.
Kuchokera ku chinthu chamtengo wapatali choterechi chifukwa cha kupanikiza kwa chimfine kukhala ndi mafuta abwino, zidazo sizomwe zimakhala zochepa kwa azitona, koma ndi zokometsera zosiyana za amondi. 
Zothandiza
Chufa ili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza, zomwe zimaonekera bwino:
- Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za ubongo ndi minofu (ziwiya zazikulu zimabweretsa mawu);
- zowonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala ndi mphamvu zowonjezereka ndikuwonjezereka bwino;
Kugwiritsira ntchito lalikulu sedum, padubal mahonia, rosemary, anyezi, malalanje, letesi, pine cones zimakhudza kwambiri.
- monga mavitamini achilengedwe amachotsa poizoni, salt salt ndi radionuclides kuchokera mthupi (zonse zofiira komanso pamene mtedza umawonjezera tiyi);
- Kuthetsa mitsempha ya magazi, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha thrombosis ndi atherosclerosis;
- kuchepetsa shuga wa magazi ndi cholesterol wambiri m'magazi;
- kulimbikitsa zipangizo zamagetsi;
- Kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo cha mthupi - monga chiwalo cha tinctures, chufa kumathandiza kumenyana ndi chimfine;
- normalization digestion chifukwa cha antibacterial kanthu;
Sakanizani zakudya zopangira chimbudzi monga sunberry, zukini, Yerusalemu atitchoku, nyemba zoyera, apricot, dogwood, mivi ya adyo, chitumbuwa, maapulo.
- chithandizo cha mitsempha ya mantha - mantha amatha pamene agwidwa, zizindikiro za overstrain zimachotsedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Phindu lalikulu kwambiri limabwera kuchokera kumalo ena a zomera zomwe zikukula pamtunda, osati mopitirira muyezo ndi feteleza ndi nthaka.
Taonani luso la machiritso la mafuta. Ndi mankhwala amphamvu oteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo akagwiritsidwa ntchito khungu limalowerera mkatikati mwa selolo - chifukwa chake, ukalamba wa maselo umaletsedwa, ndipo khungu limakhala locheperuka ndi lofewa.Zopangira izi zimangowonjezera khungu, komanso zimathandiza kukhala ndi ubweya wathanzi komanso kukula kwa msomali.
Kukula
Pambuyo powerenga mndandanda wa makhalidwe abwino a mitundu iyi, ambiri amayamba chidwi ndi momwe angakulire chomera ichi okha.
Palibe chovuta: kukonzekera tubers kapena mbande zomwe zakula kale zimabzalidwa poyera. Pochita izi, gwiritsani ntchito zipatso zonse (yesani kutenga zazikulu). Zosankhidwazo zasambitsidwa, zothandizidwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate 5% ndi kuchapa kachiwiri, zouma. 
Kuonetsetsa kuti mitsempha yowuma, imayikidwa mu mtsuko wa galasi wotsekedwa ndi chivindikiro, ndipo chidebecho chimayikidwa pamalo ozizira mosakhazikika + 4 ... +7 ° С.
Mchitidwewo wokha sungabisile njira zamtengo wapatali kwa wolima munda wodziwa bwino, komabe pakadalibe mithunzi. Talingalirani izi, podziwa momwe kayendedwe kabwino kamayendera.
Tikufika
Asanafike pamalo otseguka Mizu imaimira masiku 2-3 m'madzi kutentha, osaiwala kuti ikhale m'malo 2 patsiku.
Mukudziwa? Mu Chamber of Measures and Scales ku Paris, mamita a masentimita a dziko lapansi lakuda amasungidwa, omwe ndi muyezo wa kubereka.
Izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa May, pamene kutentha kwa chisanu kunatha (kutentha kwa mpweya sikutsika pansi + 13 ... +15 ° C), ndipo nthaka yomwe ili pamwambayi inatha kutentha mpaka 12 ° C.Zonse zimayamba ndi kusankha malo abwino:
- Chufa amakonda nthaka yosalala, yotayirira komanso yathanzi, ngakhale kuti idzayenda bwino m'madera olemera kwambiri. Chinthu chachikulu - chitsamba chiyenera kumera pamalo osatsekemera (m'mphepete mwazithunzi za m'munda sichiyenera);
- M'modzi mwa malo okhala ndi kuunikira bwino, kukumba mabowo anakumba 6-8 masentimita;
- Kuzidzaza ndi pang'ono (mpaka 2 malita) a madzi, ndi kulola kuti chinyezi chilowerere pang'ono, ma tuber atatu aikidwa mu dzenje lirilonse - chinachake ngati chisa chimapezeka. Mtunda wa pakati pa mabowo uyenera kukhala wa 40-50 masentimita (ngati mutatenga nthawi yaying'ono, tchire likutseguka). Pakati pa mizera achoke 60-65 cm;
- imatsalira kudzaza dzenje ndi dziko lapansi, ndikuziphwanya.
Mu nyengo yabwino, mphukira idzamenyana pambuyo pa masiku 10-14.Zikuchitika kuti kumapeto kwa May kutentha kumayamba kufika pa10 ° C, ndipo mphepo yamphamvu imaphulika.
Zikatero, anyamata achichepere amakhala ndi filimu yotambasula pa arcs.
Pofuna kuteteza zomera kuti zisamangidwe, zimayambitsidwa pochotsa zokutira masana. Poyamba nyengo yachilimwe, siyeneranso.
Ndikofunikira! Yang'anirani kuya kwa madzi akuya: m'munsi amadutsa, bwino amondi amchere (madzi amachititsa zowola mizu).
Ambiri amayamba kukwera mbande - M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yoziziritsa, ichi ndi chitsimikizo chokha cha kukolola. 
Zikwangwani zamakono, zomwe kawirikawiri zimachitidwa kumayambiriro kapena pakati pa mwezi wa April, zikuwoneka ngati izi:
- Mitundu ya tubers imasungidwa tsiku limodzi m'madzi opanda madzi (panthawiyi ndikofunika kusintha madziwa kawiri);
- pamene zakuthupi zimagwedezeka, nthaka imakonzedwa. Mu mphika wokhala ndi masentimita 8 mpaka 10 kapena makasitomala ambiri amathira nthaka ndikukonzekera feteleza. Kuti muchite izi, mukufunikira superphosphate (10 g pa mpando), urea (6 g), potaziyamu ndi magnesium sulfates pa mlingo wa 5 ndi 2 g;
- Mitundu ya tubers imayikidwa mu nthaka yonyowa kwa kuya kwa masentimita 6 ndi kuwaza dziko lapansi;
- mphamvu imayikidwa pamalo otentha. Ulamuliro wa kutentha ndi wofunika kwambiri kwa mtundu wa thermophilic: masana mpweya uli m'chipinda uyenera kutentha mpaka 20+ +25 ° С, ndipo usiku - kuti usagwe pansi +15 ° С. Ngati nyumbayo ili yozizira, miphika ili ndi filimu, yomwe imatsegulira mpweya wabwino;
- Ntchito yaikulu ikuperekedwa kuunika: mu tsiku lalifupi (mwachitsanzo, kumpoto) muyenera kuyika nyale ya kuwala;
- Madzi okwanira amatha masiku 3-4, mpaka kupuma kupuma kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mphuno yomweyo, nthaka imamasulidwa mosavuta - kotero mizu imalandira gawo lofunikira la mpweya;
- Musanayambe kuika pamalo oyamba nthawi zonse kudyetsa ndi koyenera. Mu madzi okwanira 10 awonjezere zitosi za mbalame ndi mullein muyeso 1: 7 ndi 1: 3. Superphosphate (15 g), sulfate ya potaziyamu (8 g) ndi ammonium nitrate pa mlingo wa 7 g amatumizidwanso kumeneko. Zokonzekera zosakaniza ziyenera kulowetsedwa m'nthaka, koma ziyenera kuwonjezeka kwambiri kuti zisapitirire, kapena kuti zisawonongeke, kuti zisawotche;
- pafupi masiku khumi musanayambe kutsegula nthaka, mphukirazo zimauma: kutentha kumatsikira ku +15 ° C, chiwerengero cha madzi amachepetsedwa. Izi zidzafulumizitsa kusintha kwa zomera pa tsamba.
Mukudziwa? Asanafike "chimanga", chakudya cha chakudya chinali gawo la pulogalamu yaulimi ya USSR.
Monga mukuonera, palibe chinthu chopambana chophweka. Mapulogalamu ena onse opangika mu njira ya chisamaliro akuwonedwanso kuti ndi osavuta.
Chisamaliro
Kuthirira imafuna nthawi imodzi, mu nyengo youma - kawiri pa sabata. Mvula yamvula, mungathe kuchita popanda izo, kukonza makondomu mumabowo ndi kumasula nthaka mozungulira. Zokwanira kwambiri hilling amachititsa 2 nthawi pa nyengo: pamene mapesi amakula mpaka 10-15 ndi 30 cm.
Kupaka pamwamba anagwiritsidwa nthawi zitatu, ndi masabata awiri. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza mchere ndi nitrojeni yochepa - kuchuluka kwake kudzachititsa kukula kobiriwira, komwe "kumatulutsa" zinthu zonse zothandiza kuchokera ku rhizome.
Sankhani mchere wambiri wamchere: Ammophos, Plantafol, Sudarushka, Azofoska, Kristalon.Ambiri samakhala ndi "chemistry", mofanana ndi kubweretsa pansi pa tchire la 1 litre la kulowetsedwa kwa zitsamba kapena mullein.
Kulamulira tizilombo Ndi zofunika kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosavomerezeka monga sopo yothetsera (yotchuka Bordeaux madzi ndi yamphamvu kwambiri kwa chikhalidwe ichi). Ngati pakufunika, ufa wodzitetezera wapangidwa - granule yapadera idzaponyedwa kutali ndi nyerere za nyerere ndi zimbalangondo, zomwe zimakopeka ndi tchire.
Chinyama china ndi wireworm: nthawi zambiri amasintha kuchokera kuminda ya masamba, kenaka tizilombo monga Bazudin, diazonin ndi Celeste TOP ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ndikofunikira! Pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa, werengani malangizo, makamaka gawo la mbeu zosiyanasiyana.
Chakumapeto kwa September kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October, masamba anayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndi youma - ndi nthawi kukolola. Mitsemphayi imakumbidwa ndi mafoloko a m'munda, kutsukidwa pansi, kutsukidwa ndi kuyanika padzuwa kuti pakhale chinyezi cha 10-15%. 
Powona kuti ziwoneka ngati zovuta, zokolola zimasankhidwa. Mitengo yonse imayikidwa m'kabokosibokosi kapena thumba: akhoza kusungidwa onse m'chipinda ndi pansi kapena mu chipinda chapamwamba (ngati pali, ndithudi, palibe makoswe).
Patapita nthawi, nkhaniyi idzadzala ndi kukwinya. Osadandaula: kumera kumatenga zaka zitatu. Zipatso zazikuluzikulu zimayikidwa pa mbande, zomwe zimanyowetsedwa m'madzi tsiku lomwelo.
Zonsezi ndi zabwino, koma apa pali njira. kuyeretsa Nthawi yowonongeka chifukwa cha khungu lakuda. Kusiya sikumalangizidwa: kukoma kumatayika. Pofuna kupewa izi, mavitamini atsopano atsukidwa ndikuikidwa m'madzi oyera kwa maola angapo. Ndiyeno_ndipo kuleza mtima kotani komwe aliyense angakhale nako: zipatso zimatengedwera mpaka ambiri a peel akulekanitsidwa.
Ndi chimanga chochuluka, nthawi zonse sichikhala ndi nthawi yokhayokha, pamene nthawi yosungidwa mu peel, mtedza umauma, kukula pang'ono. Choncho, musanayambe kukonza kapena kuyamwa, iwo amathiridwa kwa masiku 1-2. 
Mukudziwa? Imwani nyemba (kapena orshata), zomwe zimaphatikizapo ndi mtedzawu, zimatengedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za gastronomic ku Spain.Koma wintering, ndiye kuti pakhomo pakhomo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri - osati nyengo. Kupulumuka m'nyengo yozizira ya chufa ndi nsonga zadulidwa zimangokhala pamtunda wowonjezera kutentha kapena mu dzenje, lokhala ndi humus wambiri wokhutira (mulingo wa 9-10 cm) wosanjikiza wa mulch kuyambira autumn.
Contraindications ndi kuvulaza
Zina mwachindunji zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi:
- kusalana;
- matenda a chiwindi;
- kunenepa kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri, zimalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito rapesi uchi, turnips, katsitsumzukwa nyemba, mabulosi akuda, pine kuyamwa, beets, lespedets.Pogwiritsira ntchito mopitirira malire (osapitirira 100-150 g patsiku), mankhwalawa amakhala opanda vuto lililonse. Ngakhale kuti ndalamazi zingathe kusewera nkhanza ndi anthu omwe amatha kulemera mofulumira, mtedza ndi wamakono kwambiri.
Chenjezo lenileni liyenera kutsatiridwa ndi omwe sanayesetse mbale zoterezo: Pakati pa mayesero oyambirira amayesa kutenga zipatso.Izi zidzakupatsani mpata wotsatila zomwe thupi limapanga ndipo sizikuvulaza mimba, komabe sizikugwiritsanso ntchito mankhwalawa. Nkhanza zoopsa zimadzaza ndi kutsekula m'mimba.
Ntchito
Chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mmadera osiyanasiyana.
Chinthu choyamba chimene chimabwera m'malingaliro ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe. Maphikidwe otchuka kwambiri amachepetsa kupeza decoctions ndi zakumwa, infusions ndi mzimu tinctures kuchokera wosweka tubers. Masamba awonjezedwa ku tiyi ya mankhwala. 
Ndikofunikira! Atagwira chufu pa "malire" a nyumba yachilimwe, akhulupilireni anansi awo kuti izi siziri namsongole, monga zikhoza kuonekera poyamba. Kufanana koteroko kumabweretsa chiwonongeko cha zomera.
Zida zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mavitamini ndi mavitamini, mankhwala amphamvu oletsa antibacterial ndi sedative. Komanso, imakhalanso ndi adaptogen wamphamvu yomwe ikhoza kuthandizira thupi pakuchiza matenda kapena opaleshoni.
Mu kuphika chufa amayamikira kukoma kwa chipatso. Amaphatikizapo kuphatikizapo maphikidwe a maswiti omwe amadzipanga okha - halva, pies, muffins, ndi zina zotero. Kuchokera ku mtedza wokazinga ndi nthaka kumapanga mphamvu zakuthupi zakumwa.
Kupanga perfumery Sizimapanganso opanda mtedza, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (makamaka mafuta ndi tinyimbo) zimapereka mizimu komanso imatulutsa amber abwino kwambiri. 
Chidziwitso chodziwika ndi beauticians: Ngati mumvetsetsa maonekedwe a lotions, creams ndi shampoos, ambiri a iwo ali ndi chophatikiza ichi mu mawonekedwe osinthidwa. Ndipo moyenera kwambiri: ponena za machiritso a tsitsi ndi kukonzanso khungu zimatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zomera zothandiza kwambiri.
Mu makampani Sizitsulo zokhazokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makinawa kuti apange ufa ndi ufa. Zoperewera ndi "ntchito" ndi masamba - zilipo mu makina opanga mapepala opanga mapepala, zokutira zophimba, zowonjezera mavitamini, zikopa, zingwe ndi zogona.
Mukudziwa? Archaeologists amakhulupirira kuti chufa inali maziko a zakudya za makolo amasiku ano omwe amakhala ku Africa zaka 2 miliyoni zapitazo.
Ziweto - Malo ena ogwiritsira ntchito zomera. Monga udzu, gawo la nthaka likufanana ndi udzu wambiri (mahatchi amawakonda kwambiri). Zipatso zophika ndi chakudya zingaperekedwe kwa nkhumba.Tsopano mukudziwa chomwe chufa chiri, ndifunika bwanji, ndi momwe mungakulire m'deralo. Tikukhulupirira kuti chomera ichi chidzapempha owerenga athu, ndipo chidzawapindulitsa kwambiri. Lembani zokolola!
