Bowa ndi ufumu wapadera umene ukuyimiridwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo, zonse zomwe zimadya komanso zoopsa. Kotero, musanayambe kusonkhanitsa mankhwalawa, muyenera kutsimikiza kuti ndi otetezeka. Tidzakambirana mitundu ya ziphuphu, bowa wambiri omwe amatha kukhala wathanzi komanso okoma, komanso osatha.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Scale kapena folio amatchedwa mtundu wa bowa, womwe uli wa banja Strofariyevyh. Thupi la chipatso cha bowa ndi masentimita 5-11 muyeso. Ilo liri ndi mbale zomwe zimamatira kapena zowola, mobwerezabwereza. Mtundu wawo umasiyana: nthawi zina chikasu, dzimbiri, bulauni.
Bowa ali ndi kapu yapamwamba kapena ya belu, yomwe ingatsegule ndikukhala yowonjezera. Peel nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chikasu, bulauni kapena wofiira. Bowa wam'mwamba wouma kapena wong'onong'ono pang'ono. Zingakhale ndi mamba wandiweyani. Khungu lakuda limakhala ndi zamkati, zamkati zowawa. 
Phazi liri lamasenti 7-13 masentimita, lokhazikika kapena lokhazikika. Ikulumikizidwa mu mphete yowonjezereka, yomwe imatha nthawi yomweyo bowa limakula. Pamwamba pa kapu, m'zinthu zambiri, masikelo amawoneka, omwe amatha kugwa mochedwa.
Kufalitsa ndi malo
Mafuta a scaly amapezeka ku China, Russia, Japan, Europe, Australia, North America.
Nkhumba za mtundu uwu zimakula m'magulu m'nkhalango zakufa kapena m'nkhalango zakuda, pansi ndi mitengo.
Mankhwala amapangidwa
Bowa wobiriwira ali ndi phosphorous, magnesium, potaziyamu, chitsulo, sodium, mavitamini C, E, B1, B2, PP. Zili ndi mafuta ochuluka, monosaccharides, disaccharides, zakudya zamagetsi.
Mphamvu yamtengo wapatali ndi kalori
Bowa la scaly limatengedwa kuti ndilochepa, monga magalamu 100 a mankhwalawa ndi 22 kcal zokha. Mapuloteni amapanga 2.2 grams (9 kcal), mafuta - 1.2 magalamu (11 kcal), chakudya - 0,5 gm (2 kcal). Monga peresenti, ndi 40% mapuloteni, 49% mafuta, 9% Zakhakamu.
Ndikofunikira! Musanayambe kudya pulogalamuyi, onetsetsani kuti bowa uwu ndiwodyetsedwa komanso kuti simungagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa.
Zothandiza
- Phlegm, yomwe ili pa matupi a zipatso, ndi othandiza kwa anthu. Ibwezeretsa mphamvu, imapangitsa ubongo kugwira ntchito.
- Malinga ndi akatswiri a mycologists, mothandizidwa ndi mapewa a bowa, n'zotheka kukonzanso chitetezo cha mthupi, kubweretsanso zosowa za amino acid.
- Manyowa ali ndi chitsulo ndi magnesium, zomwe zimayambitsa kuyendayenda kwa magazi, kufulumizitsa ntchito ya mitsempha ya mitsempha, kuthandiza kuthandizira mapuloteni bwino.
- Folios ali ndi antibacterial, antifungal zotsatira.
- Mothandizidwa ndi squarrosidine mu foliota, mungapewe kupwetekedwa pamene mukudwala gout.
- Asayansi apanga mankhwala omwe ali ndi folio. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa.
Nkhumba zochepa monga bowa la shiitake, bowa la Reishi, white podgruzoviki, nkhumba, cep, boletus, bowa wa mkaka, boletus, chanterelles, bowa, bowa, aspen bowa ndi maluwa.
Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala achipatala
Mu folio la anthu kukonzekera machiritso msuzi ndi tincture. Ndi chithandizo chawo, amachiza matenda a mtima, matenda a atherosclerosis, kupweteka kwa magazi, mitsempha ya varicose, thrombophlebitis.
Mothandizidwa ndi magnesiamu ndi chitsulo mu ma bowa, hemoglobin ikhoza kuwonjezeka kuti imuchiritse magazi m'thupi, matenda omwe amakhudza chithokomiro. 
Malasi ndi mapepala apamwamba amachotsa kudzimbidwa. Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito kotchuka kwa flake decoction ndi wotchuka pakati pa anthu awa.
Kulimbana ndi vuto ngati kudzimbidwa kumathandizanso: dodder, masamba a beet, gentian, chard, sage, zoumba, chamomile ndi pelargonium.
Mitundu Yambiri
Panthaŵiyi, akatswiri a mycologists apeza mitundu 140 ya masamba. Taganizirani zofala kwambiri.
Wopanda (adiposa)
Pulogalamu yaikulu imakhala ndi phokoso lozungulira, lakuda, kapu yamtengo wapatali. Gawo lofiirira lakasuu liri ndi mbale zomwe zimakula kumlendo. Iwo ali a bulauni achikasu. Mtundu wofiira wofiira umachokera ku spores. Nkhumba zam'mimba zachikasu, zowawa.
Adiposa ikukula m'nkhalango zowirira phulusa, zitsamba ndi mitengo ya birch kuyambira July mpaka October. Bowa ukhoza kuswedwa mosavuta ndi manja popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni. 
Miyeso yambiri ikhoza kudyedwa yosakaniza, mchere, mwatsopano. Popanda chithandizo, zimakhala ndi kulawa kowawa.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mwadzidzidzi mumapwetekedwa m'nkhalango, mutha kulumikiza bowa kumalo otulira kapena balala, limene lidzawononge malo okhudzidwawo.
Alder (alnicola)
Mafuta a mtundu wa Alder ali ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono omwe amaphimba kapu ndi tsinde la bowa. Kapuyo ndi yopapatiza komanso yowonongeka, ndi ntchentche, mandimu, pakati - bulauni. Msoza ukhoza kufika masentimita 13 mu msinkhu. Spores afalikira mu bulauni.
Mitundu yotereyi imakhala ndi zizindikiro zowonongeka - zimatha kuwononga mitengo ndi matabwa. Iwo sangadye. 
Chofiira cha safironi (astragalina)
Chipewa chofiira cha safironi chili ngati khonje kapena belu. Mu mtundu, ndi lalanje, wachikasu, pinki kapena apurikoti. Mapepala awa ndi ofewa, okonzeka, osakanizika, owanyontho. Mapepala awo ndi achikasu. Kutalika kumafikira masentimita 12.
Fungo silikuwonetsedwa. Bowa uwu umakonda kwambiri. Sichidyedwa, ngakhale kuti sichimaonedwa ngati chakupha. 
Amakula ku USA, Europe, Siberia. Amakhala pamapiri.
Golden (aurivella)
Amatchedwanso bowa wachifumu (uchi). Bowa awa ali owala achikasu kapena golidi. Iwo ali ndi zipewa zazikulu; mamba pa iwo ndi ofiira. Amakula makamaka pa mitengo (birch, msondodzi, alder, spruce).
Mukudziwa? Bowa ena amatha kuwalitsa (phosphoresce) chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mankhwala.
Mamba a golide akhoza kudyedwa atalandira chithandizo cha kutentha - imatulutsa kukoma kowopsya, koma utatha kutentha umatha. 
Moto (flammans)
Bowa wamoto akhoza kukhala lalanje, lofiira, pinki. Ndi yaing'ono (pafupifupi masentimita 7 m'mimba mwake) ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe a cone kapena mpira. Pamwamba pamakhala ndi ntchentche. Nthawi zambiri zimakula pa conifers zakufa.
Zimayesedwa zosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito - ndizowawa kwambiri. Ngati mutaya chidutswa cha mwendo, mukhoza kununkhiza dziko lapansi. 
Kukongoletsa (flavida)
Fluvida ali ndi kapu yaing'ono yooneka ngati belu yomwe imakhala ndi mpanda wozungulira. Mtundu - imvi-chikasu. Ili ndi mnofu wachikasu wokoma, koma ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Mipata ndi mawonekedwe a cloves; iwo ndi owonda, obiriwira, bulauni. Miyendo ili ndi annular thickening ya zofiira.
Flavida imawonekera pa pine stumps ikukula m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Koposa zonse, zikuwoneka kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Izo sizingakhoze kukhala.
Zingakhale zothandiza kuti mupeze zomwe bowa amadya.
Gummy (gummosa)
Mtundu wa Gummy uli ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Pamwamba pake pamakhala phokoso lambiri, limagwira ndi mwendo woonda kwambiri. Pamwamba pamakhala ndi mamba paokha, koma posakhalitsa amatha, m'malo awo amaoneka. Kutalika ndi masentimita 8 masentimita. Gummos ndi yachonde kwambiri. Thupi lake ndi losavuta. 
Bowa amaonekera mu August, kukula kufikira m'mawa. Kukula pa stumps mitengo yakale.
Gummos amaonedwa kuti ndibwino kudya. Anthu amatha kudya izo potentha m'madzi otentha.
Kusamalira - cinder (highlandensis)
Garevuyu ikhoza kusiyanitsidwa ndi chipewa chotseguka chokhala ndi mamita 6 masentimita. Zithunzi zofiira. Panthawi ya slush, kumtunda kwa bowa kumakhala kovuta. Mafunde akuwonekera pamphepete; hillock ya truncated ikuwonekera pakati pa pamwamba. Masamba ndi osowa, imphuno yakuda. Kutalika kwa bowa kumakula mpaka masentimita 6.
Cinder flake imadziwika ndi mthunzi wambiri, wambiri wonyezimira wachikasu. Zosasangalatsa komanso zosasangalatsa.
Amapezeka mu August pa malo a moto ndi mitengo yopsereza. Njira yoberekera ya bowa siinayambe kufufuzidwa. Iye sadya. 
Zojambula zachikasu (zopangira)
Masamba a gummy amasiyanitsa ndi kucha kumapeto kwa autumn kapena m'nyengo yozizira pansi, kutali ndi mitengo ndi tchire. Ikhoza kuwonjezedwa ku chakudya. Mvula ndi yonyowa kwambiri, choncho imatchedwa "soplyushka." Okhala nawo ali ndi mamba.
Wodziwika ndi msinkhu wochepa ndi chipewa chaching'ono cha mtundu wa ocher. Ma mbalewo ndi obiriwira komanso otumbululuka, ophimbidwa ndi mabubu. Mphuno yamtunduwu imakhala ndi mwendo woonda thupi, wokhota.
Mukudziwa? Bowa, monga anthu, ikhoza kutulutsa vitamini D ndipo, motero, dzuwa limakhala ndi kuwala kokwanira. Pankhani imeneyi, amasintha mtundu wa makapu.
Zikhoza kudyedwa, koma zonse zimaphimbidwa ndi ntchentche, choncho ndizosakondweretsa kwambiri. Alibe fungo, kulawa zowawa. 
Wood (lignicola)
Wood flakes nthawi zambiri limakula pa birch firs. Mukhalepo m'magulu kapena mwaulere. Amapezeka ngakhale m'mapiri, kumapeto kwa dzinja kapena kumayambiriro kwa autumn.
Lili ndi golide wagolide-golide, wapamwamba kwambiri (masentimita 9). Kapu ili ndi maselo, ophimbidwa ndi mamba wokhotakhota, monga mwendo, nthawi zambiri wosakhala wothira.
Nthendayi imatengedwa kuti imadya komanso siidya. Komabe, ena osankha bowa amanena kuti ndi chokoma komanso ndi fungo lokoma. Komabe, popeza mitunduyi ndi yosawerengeka ndipo imapezeka mu Bukhu Loyera, mulimonsemo ndibwino kuti musamasonkhanitse. 
Chakudya - Chizindikiro (dzinako)
Kujambula kumafanana ndi agaric wokondedwa, kumakhala kutalika kwa masentimita asanu 5. Kukula, kumapanga zisa zazikulu. Zimaphimbidwa ndi ntchentche zowonongeka kwambiri komanso zojambula zofiira, lalanje kapena zofiirira. Nkhumba zimakhala mvula yamtengo wapatali pa mitengo ya stumps kapena kugwa kwa mitengo.
Mukudziwa? Mu Chijapani, "chilakolako" amatanthawuza "bowa wothamanga."
Amakula ku China ndi ku Japan, kumene amapanga msoti wadziko lonse. 
Zowonongeka (poplar)
Mtengo uwu ukhoza kupezeka pa stumps kapena mitengo ikuluikulu ya mapulasitiki. Amatchedwa "owononga" chifukwa amawononga mtengo. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, chikasu, chipewa chophwanyika ndi mamba aakulu. Amadziwika ndi mnofu woyera. Otsika kwambiri (pafupifupi 3 cm). Zimayesedwa zosatheka, makamaka chifukwa cha kulawa kowawa. 
Borova (spumosa)
Borovaya ali ndi kapu yozungulira 3 masentimita awiri, wofiira kapena wachikasu. Thupi lochepa (pafupifupi masentimita 5), lopindika. Ma mbale ali achikasu, amdima ndi ukalamba. Bowa sichidziwika ndi fungo lapadera.
Amapezeka m'nkhalango ya pine pamapope, pafupi ndi mizu ya kugwa. Amagwiritsidwira ntchito pamwambo wofiira kapena wosungunuka, ngakhale kuti amawoneka kuti amadya zokha. 
Kawirikawiri (squarrosa typus)
Ili ndi kapu yaikulu (masentimita 15), bulauni-chikasu, ndi miyeso yozungulira ndi youma pamwamba. Kutalika kuli pafupifupi masentimita 15. Alibe fungo lotchulidwa, ali ndi kukoma kwa dziko lapansi. Akulongosola kuti ndi zakudya zotani.
Kodi kuphika: kuphika
Mitengo yokometsetsa kwambiri yodyedwa imatchedwa golidi, wamba komanso kubala-thupi lawo liri ndi fungo labwino komanso labwino la bowa, mofanana ndi kukoma kwa uchi.
Pali njira zambiri zopangira flakes. Zingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga chogwiritsira ntchito msuzi, pamutu waukulu, mu mchere wamchere, msuzi, saladi. Komanso foyo yokazinga, kuzifutsa, kuzifota. Mwachikhalidwe iwo sanaume.
Madokotala ambiri samalimbikitsa kudya bowa popanda chithandizo cha kutentha, chifukwa chidzachititsa dyspepsia. Ndi bwino kutsuka ndi kuphika mankhwalawa kuti mutetezedwe. Chida chokonzedwa motere chidyetsedwa popanda decoction. 
Tikukupemphani kuti muwerenge za pickling, kuyanika ndi kuzizira.
Thupi la foliota limagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma pazakumwa zotentha ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zipewa, ndi pickles ndi marinades - bowa lonse.
Kuvulaza: kutsutsana
Pakati pa mamba palibe zowopsa ndi zoopsa kwa mitundu ya anthu, komabe pali zochepa zokadya. Ma folios amatha kuvulaza pamene:
- iwo ali a mawonekedwe osadziwika;
- iwo ankasonkhanitsidwa mu malo okwirira, pafupi ndi misewu, mafakitale;
- iwo ali opitirira kapena ophwanya;
- munthu amalephera ku bowa;
- munthu amadwala ndi gastritis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis;
- mayi ali ndi pakati kapena akuyamwitsa mwana;
- Mukamadya khungu lamoto, mudzamwa ndi mowa.
Musamapatsenso bowa awa kwa ana aang'ono.Mukudziwa? M'mapiri, kumene mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera ndi yaing'ono, agologolo amadya flakes. Bowa awa ndi malo abwino m'malo mwa mtedza wa mkungudza.
Ngati simukutsatira malamulo a kudya bowa, zikhoza kuchitika:
- kumwa mowa;
- kufiira kwa nkhope;
- tchalitchi;
- kunyoza ndi kusanza;
- ululu wamimba;
- kutentha kutentha;
- kuchuluka kwa mtima;
- kupuma kovuta;
- zochitika za mantha, zolingalira.
Pa milandu yovuta, kumva kapena masomphenya angawonongeke, chiwonongeko chikuchitika.Mphungu: mapasa a bowa
Bowa la chilimwe ali ndi miyeso iwiri ya boron. Kusiyana kokha ndiko malo omwe bowa amakula, ndi mtundu wa mbale zawo.
Pezani zomwe uchi zakumwa zimathandiza, komanso werengani zomwe zimapezeka ndi bowa.
Mofananamo ndi tsamba la golidi limaonedwa ngati wamba (fleecy). Zimakhala ndi mtundu wosiyana, monga zojambulidwa mu mtundu wobiriwira wa mandimu ndipo pamakhala mamba ochepa kusiyana ndi wamba. Golidi yamtengo wapatali yofanana ndi moto, inedible. Choncho, muyenera kusamala kwambiri posankha bowa kuti mudye chakudya.
Kotero, ife tinatsimikiza kuti masikelo ali osiyana mosiyanasiyana, kukula ndi kukoma. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa amino acid ndi mavitamini, iwo akulimbikitsidwa kuti aziphatikizidwa mu zakudya kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino. Koma chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kutengedwa mukakolola, kuti bowa zonse zikhale zokoma ndi zokoma.
