Mokruhi ndi banja losiyana la bowa zodyedwa, zomwe sizitchuka kwambiri, ndipo kawirikawiri amadya. Mwinamwake, izi zimachokera ku mawonekedwe osadziwika kapena kusadziwa anthu ambiri omwe, powona mokruhi m'nkhalango, amawatenga kuti aziwathandiza. Lero tiyang'ana mitundu yayikulu ya mvula, malingaliro awo, malo okula, kotero kuti m'tsogolomu zidzakhala zosavuta kuzizindikira.
Zomwe zimachitikira banja
Banja la mokrukh likulumikizana lokha ndilo Hrohomfus ndi mtundu wa Homfidius. Bowa awa amatchedwa mokruhi chifukwa chakuti ali ndi chidziwitso chodziphimba okha ndi mucous membrane, choncho makapu awo nthawi zonse amadziwa ndi ofewa.
Mafilimu ochepa kwambiri a mtundu wa mokrukha, m'kupita kwa nthawi amathyola ndipo amathyoka ku mwendo.
Mokrukh ndi nkhungu zowonongeka, mbale zimabzalidwa ndi kusiyana kwakukulu, nthambi zomwe zimatsikira ku pedicle zimakhala ndi ubweya woyera, zomwe zimakhala zofiira pakapita kukula. 
Young mokruhi yomwe imadziwika ndi zikhomo, zomwe zimakhala zowonongeka komanso zowopsya pakati, ndizochepetsera minda.
Mtundu umadalira mtunduwo ndipo ukhoza kukhala wofiirira, wofiira, wofiira, wofiira. Mlomo mokruhi wandiweyani, pamunsi uli wachikasu, ndipo kapu imakhala yoyera.
Mitundu yakuda
Pali mitundu yambiri ya chonyowa, yomwe ilipo pakati pa 4 ndi yowonjezeka kwambiri m'chilengedwe komanso yotchuka pakati pa osankha bowa:
- zomatira (spruce);
- zofiirira (pine);
- mucous (spotty);
- pinki
Taganizirani kufotokoza kwa mitundu iliyonse mwachindunji.
Spruce
Mtundu uwu ndi wofala kwambiri, umatchedwanso sticky mokruha.
Chipewa. Mbalame ya spruce mokruhi cap imakhala ndi masentimita 3.5 mpaka 13 masentimita, yomwe imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a mlengalenga, omwe ali pambali pake. Pamene mokruhi ikukula, kapu imakhala yogwirizana, ndipo pamapeto otsiriza a kukula imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ophwanyika, opindikizidwa pakati, pamalo okhudzana ndi pedicle. 
Kapu imakhala yosalala, yomwe ili ndi filimu yakuda mucous. Pakukula, filimuyo imakhala pansi. Mtundu wa kapu ndi imvi, imvi-buluu kapena imvi, kenako imakhala yofiirira m'mphepete mwake, pakatikati. Pa gawo lotsiriza la kukula, madontho wakuda amawonekera pa kapu. Khungu ndi lolemera kwambiri komanso kuchotsedwa bwino mu kapu muyendo limodzi.
Mukudziwa? Ku Switzerland, mchimwene anapeza pafupifupi zaka 1000. Mycelium yake ili pa mahekitala 35 a paki.
Zolemba. Ma mbalewo amathamanga kwambiri, ndipo amakhala olemera kwambiri, okwana 6 mm. Chiwerengero chawo pa sentimita sizoposa 10 zidutswa. Ma mbalewo ndi amitundu yobiriwira, yomwe imakhala yakuda ndipo imakhala bulauni. Mipata ya bowa wambiri imayimiridwa ndi mthunzi wakuda.
Mwendo. Msowa wa bowa umakula kwambiri - kuyambira masentimita 6 mpaka 8, m'lifupi kuchokera 1 mpaka 2, masentimita 5, ndi wandiweyani mu bowa wawang'ono, patapita nthawi amatenga mawonekedwe a silinda. Pamwamba pamakhala ndi mdima wofiira mamba, womwe umakhala ndi mtundu wofiira, pamunsi pamthunzi wobiriwira-wonyezimira umawonekera. Pa mwendo pali phokoso losaoneka la ntchentche, zomwe zimachepa ndi nthawi.
Thupi. Bowawo ndi mnofu, thupi lake ndi lofewa, mtundu wake ndi wopepuka, wokongoletsa pang'ono, ukadulidwa umakhala wobiriwira. Bowa akale amadziwika ndi imvi ya thupi. Kukoma kosangalatsa, kumakhala kokoma kokoma, zolemba zowawa zowawa, kununkhiza sikunenetsa bwino, bowa. 
Ali kuti akukula. Mbalame ya spruce nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu coniferous, spruce kapena osakanikirana nkhalango, imakonda kukula mu moss, pakati phala, m'nkhalango pansi. Bowa wamtundu umenewu unkafalikira kumpoto ndi pakati pa Russia.
Nthawi ya spruce mockwort kukula: July-October.
Kodi n'zotheka kudya? Bowa amakhala ngati chakudya (gawo 4). Musanayambe kudya mokruhu poyamba munkapatsidwa mankhwala.
Ndikofunikira! Chifukwa cha kutentha kwapamwamba, bowa amapeza mtundu wa mdima, koma izi sizimakhudza kukoma kwake komanso zakudya zake.
Zamtundu
Mtundu uwu wa mokruuha uli ndi kukula kochepa, umakula m'magulu.
Chipewa. Mbalame yamtunduwu imakhala ndi kapu yaing'ono (yomwe imakhala yochepa kuchokera pa 3 mpaka 7 cm); mwa oimira achinyamata a mitundu yomwe imakhala ndi phokoso, pakapita kanthawi imakhala yochuluka kwambiri. Kuchokera pamwamba pa kapu kuli ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono ka ntchentche. Kapu imakhala yosalala, yofiira-imvi kapena imvi-bulauni mtundu ndi madontho aang'ono akuda. 
Zolemba. Mipata kuchokera kwa oimira mtundu uwu wa kuwala konyezimira, m'kupita kwa nthawi, kupeza nsalu zofiirira. Pakati pa mbaleyi ndi mipata yaikulu.
Mwendo. Msolo wa Mokruhi mu kutalika kwa 5 mpaka 11 masentimita ndi 2 masentimita mu makulidwe, makilogalamu, ndi mphete pansi pa kapu. Mtundu wa miyendo ndi wokoma, umaphimbidwa ndi mdima wautali, wachikasu pansi.
Thupi. Mnofu wa mtundu uwu wa kirimu umakhala wofiira pamene wadulidwa. Pakukula kwa bowa kumakhala kofiira. Mokrukha ali ndi makhalidwe, ofooka a fungo la bowa, kukoma kokoma.
Ali kuti akukula. Bowa amapezeka m'nkhalango ya spruce kapena yosakanikirana, amasankha malo okhala ndi moss kapena zitsamba zambiri, makamaka m'madera kumene chinyezi chimayambira. Mitundu imeneyi imafalikira pafupifupi pafupifupi Eurasia ndi North America.
Kukula kwa malo a malo a mokruhi: July-October.
Kodi n'zotheka kudya? Nkhokwe zikhoza kudyedwa, koma poyamba ziyenera kutenthedwa.
Purple
Mitundu imeneyi imatchedwanso mucous membrane, shrimp mokruha, kapena yellowstone yamkuwa.
Chipewa. Chipewa chokhala ndi masentimita 4 mpaka 12, mu bowa laling'ono, chimakhala chozungulira, chozungulira, chokhala ndi mthunzi wofiira wa mthunzi wofiirira. Pakapita nthawi, imakhala ndi phokoso lopanda phokoso kapena lathyathyathya ndi phokoso laling'ono pakati ndi lokhazikika pamphepete. 
Kapepala kakang'ono kameneka kamakhala kosalala, konyezimira, chifukwa bowa wachinyamata amadziwika ndi filimu yakuda. Kapu ikhoza kukhala yofiira, yofiira kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwa bowa, ndipo pakapita nthawi imakhala yambiri yamdima.
Zolemba. Mabalawo ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, omwe ali patali kwambiri, omwe amajambulapo pansalu ya pinki kapena yamala, ndi nthawi yomwe amatembenuza purplish-brownish, kumapeto kwa kusasitsa amakhala mdima, pafupifupi wakuda.
Mukudziwa? Mabokosi aakulu kwambiri anapezeka ku USA mu 1985: anali wolemera makilogalamu 140, ndipo mamitawa anafika mamita 2.
Mwendo. Mbali iyi ya mokruhi siyikomwe mu mitundu ina, kutalika kwake kumakhala kuchokera masentimita 5 mpaka 8, makulidwe - kuchokera ku 0.5 mpaka 2 cm, monga mawonekedwe a silinda, kawirikawiri yopindika. Pansi pa kapu pa tsinde pali mphete, yomwe imakhala yosaoneka ngati bowa limakula. Mtundu wa miyendo pafupi ndi kapu ndi wobiriwira, pansi pake umakhala ndi utoto wobiriwira.
Thupi. Mokruhah zamkati zimakhala ndi pinki-chikasu, kununkhira ndi kulawa kofatsa. Mukadula bowa, thupi limakhala lofiira.
Ali kuti akukula. Pali bowa mu nkhalango zowonongeka, m'madera okwezeka, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi mitengo ya pine. Amamera bwino pa dothi la calcareous. Mtundu wofiirira wa Mokruha wafala ku Eurasia (kumpoto).
Nthawi yokula: August-Oktoba. 
Kodi n'zotheka kudya? Mtundu wa chikondwerero cha Mokruhu ndi wa bowa lodziwika bwino la gulu lachinayi. Ikhoza kudyedwa pambuyo pa mankhwala achidule. Kukoma kwake kuli kofanana ndi boletus, pakuphika, bowa amajambulidwa ndi mtundu wofiirira, chifukwa cha dzina lake.
Dziwani kuti bowa ndi zotani monga: flakefish, tchizi, bowa shiitake, bowa reishi, matchire aakulu, nkhumba, mapepala, bokosi, bowa, ma bowa, boti, boti ndi bowa.
Pinki
Mitundu yosawerengeka ya mvula, yomwe ndi yaing'ono kwambiri mwa mitundu yomwe ilipo.
Chipewa. Kapu ya mitundu iyi imakula kuyambira 3 mpaka 6 masentimita, ili ndi mawonekedwe ake, omwe amakhala osasangalatsa panthawi ya kukula. Bowa lachinyamatayo lili ndi ntchentche yambiri, yomwe pamapeto pake imatuluka pamlendo. Mtundu wa kapu ndi phokoso lamakona, ndipo nthawi imakhala njerwa, pakatikati - yotayika. 
Zolemba. Ma mbalewo ali pamtunda wautali kwambiri, pa nthawi yoyamba ya chitukuko cha bowa iwo amajambula mu kuwala kofiira, koma patapita kanthawi amakhala phulusa kapena imvi.
Mwendo. Gawoli la bowa limakhala lalikulu kuchokera pamasentimita awiri mpaka 8 ndipo limakhala lakuya 1 mpaka 2.5 masentimita, mofanana ndi mbiya, kawirikawiri yopindika, yofiira, yofiira, yobiriwira. Kanyumba kakang'ono kamene kamakanizidwa pamwamba pa phazi.
Thupi. Thupi limakhala loyera, ngati lidulidwa, limakhala lofiira. Lili ndi fungo lokhazika mtima pansi, kulawa pang'ono, wonyeketsa.
Mukudziwa? Mafayira a fungal ali pafupi ndi anthu kusiyana ndi kubzala majeremusi.
Ali kuti akukula. Nkhumbazo zimakhala m'madera ozungulira a Eurasian continent, nthawi zina zimapezeka mu nkhalango yomwe ili pafupi ndi mapiri. Nthawi yokula: August-Oktoba.
Kodi n'zotheka kudya? Pinkiukh amavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito, koma osakondedwa pakati pa osankha a bowa, chifukwa ndi osowa. Mofanana ndi mitundu yonse yamadzi ozizira, manja a pinki amafunikira kuchipatala musanayambe kumwa. 
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bowa pakuphika
Ngakhale kuti mocrux siwodziwika patebulo la munthu wamba, iwo amadziwika kwambiri pakati pa osankha bowa, popeza ali ndi kukoma kokoma ndipo samafuna kuphika nthawi yaitali.
Mokruhi ikhoza kudyedwa yophika, yokazinga, yophika, yamchere, yophika.
Werengani zambiri zokhudza pickles, pickling, kuyanika ndi kuzizira bowa.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sauces, soups, mbale zazikulu, saladi, omelets, masangweji, amatumizidwa ngati mbale kumbali kupita ku mbale zosiyanasiyana. Musanaphike, bowa izi ziyenera kutsukidwa kuchokera mu ntchentche, zomwe zingasokoneze kukoma kwa mbale, zomwe zimapangitsa "msuzi" wosasangalatsa.
Kuti mupirire mwamsanga ntchito yoyeretsa, muyenera kutsuka bowa pansi pa madzi ozizira, kenaka mudulani bowa ndi mpeni pakati ndi kuwonetsa mosakanika chikhomo kuchokera ku kapu ndi miyendo. 
Pambuyo poyeretsa, bowa imatsuka kachiwiri, nthawiyi mosamala kwambiri, monga moor ikukula makamaka pamtunda wa mchenga ndipo mchenga wambiri umakhala pansi pa phazi, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kusamba.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukufuna kupanga mwachangu kapena kuphika bowa, ndiye kuti simukuyenera kuwiritsa. Ndikofunika kuphika mokruhi osati kwa nthawi yaitali kuti musasokoneze kukoma kwa mtsogolo Padzakhala mankhwala okwanira kwa mphindi 15-30.
Kodi pali phindu lililonse lonyowa
Mu maonekedwe a zodzikongoletsera zamakono monga chimodzi mwa zigawozo nthawi zina zimapezeka kupezeka kwa mvula, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ku zokhala ndi masikiti a khungu lotha. Ndalama zochokera pazifukwazi zimatha kupangitsa khungu kukhala lofewa, kukhuta ndi zotanuka, zoperewera. Khungu nthawi yomweyo limakhala losavuta, mtunduwo umatuluka, makwinya abwino amasungunuka.
Zotsatira zabwino za decoction pa tsitsi zimatchulidwanso. Pogwiritsira ntchito ndalama zimenezi nthawi zonse, tsitsi limakhala lamphamvu, limakhala labwino, limakula msanga.
Mu mitundu ina ya moorky, zomwe zili zosiyana, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamagetsi kuti apangitse maantibayotiki, zimapezeka. 
Palinso maphikidwe ambiri a mankhwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mokrukh monga chigawo chachikulu cha mankhwala. Kawirikawiri ndikumwa mowa mwauchidakwa kapena mafuta odzola omwe amathandiza matenda a khungu, sinusitis, kutetezeka kwa chitetezo chokwanira, kusowa tulo, ndi matenda osaphatikizapo.
Mokrukhi amathandizidwa kwambiri ndi thupi, mosiyana ndi bowa wina wotchuka, choncho amalimbikitsidwa kuti azidya pa zakudya zolimbitsa thupi - kotero mutha kukhuta thupi mwamsanga, kufooketsa njala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi liwonongeke.
Anthu omwe amafuna kulemera, muyenera kugawa zakudya zanu: lagenaria, mbewu ya fulakesi, nyemba radish, sikwashi, cress, udzu winawake, radish, sipinachi, savoy kapena kolifulawa.
Choncho, mokruhi muli mitundu yambiri ya zakudya. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kukumbukira mbali yapadera ya mtundu uliwonse, kuti muwasiyanitse bwino ndikusamala zonse za kuphika, kuti mupeze chakudya chokoma ndi chopatsa thanzi.
