Miyezi ya masika si yachikhalidwe cha kumanga bowa, ngakhale panthawiyi mitundu yoposa 60 ili yoyenera kudya anthu. Kumapeto kwa nyengo, bowa zimayamba kuonekera pambuyo pomwe chisanu chimasungunuka, zina zimakula mpaka chilimwe, pamene ena akupitirizabe kukondwera ndi zokolola ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Pa mitundu iti ya bowa ikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa mu Meyi, tiyeni tiyankhule.
Morel
Zimaganiziridwa bowa wodyetsedwa, chifukwa zimafuna kuti musanaphike mphindi 15 musanayambe kutentha. Mafuta obiriwira sakhala ndi tanthauzo la kukoma ndi kununkhiza, koma akamaphika, fungo lawo ndi kukoma kwake ndi zabwino kwambiri. 
Mutha kupeza mtundu umenewu m'mapiri okongola ndi amchere pamphepete, pakati pa mitengo, m'madera osungunuka ndi osungunuka. Amakonda nthaka humus kapena mchenga, ndi kuchuluka kokwanira kwa chinyezi. Kawirikawiri zimatha kuzindikira zambiri m'misewu ndi misewu, pa malo ocheka. Kawirikawiri, deralo liyenera kuyatsa bwino ndi dzuwa. 
Mukhoza kusonkhanitsa mphatso kuchokera m'nkhalango kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi mpaka mwezi wa June. Ndipo ngati nyengo yozizira imakhala yotentha, ndiye kuti zilembo zoyamba zimatha kumapeto kwa March. Nthawi zina nkhungu zimakula mu September-October. Komabe, mvula yobiriwira ikangooneka kumapeto kwa nyengo, kukula kwa mitundu imeneyi kumatha.
Ndikofunikira! Nthawi yabwino yosonkhanitsa ndi April. Kukula kwa maulendo kumatha masabata angapo, mpaka kuoneka kobiriwira, chifukwa ndikofunika kuti musaphonye nyengo yosonkhanitsa.
Bowa ndi wa banja la alonda ambiri, mtundu wochuluka kwambiri ndi wowonjezera (weniweni), koma palinso mitundu ina: mchere wotchedwa morel ndi zokometsetsa, morel hat, morel thighfoot ndi osasemphana maso. Mitundu imeneyi ingakhale yosiyana mofanana ndi mawonekedwe a kapu, mawonekedwe a kapu. 
Kapu ya soliyumu yamba imakhala yozungulira kapena yowombera, ndi zolemba zambiri za mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Mtundu ndi wosiyana: kuchokera kumithunzi yonse yachikasu ndi ya bulauni mpaka imvi. Okalamba bowa, mdima wandiweyani. Kukula kwake sikudutsa 5-8 masentimita mu msinkhu ndi 4-8 cm mwake. Msola umakula kuchokera pa 3 mpaka 9 cm mulimita - mpaka masentimita atatu, utoto wofiira kapena woyera. Chipewa ndi mwendo mkati mulibe kanthu, kupanga chida chimodzi chofanana.
Phunzirani zambiri za mitundu yowonjezera komanso kusiyana kwa mizere.
Mukhoza kuphika mbale iliyonse ku kasupe wa masika: mu fried ndi stewed mawonekedwe amathandizira kumbali mbale bwino, akhoza kuzizira, zouma, ndi marinated.
Video: kuphika morel
Mipata
Bowa uwu nawonso kudya zakudya, monga mwatsopano kungayambitse poizoni ndi zotsatira zake zowononga. Kumadzulo, bowa amaonedwa kuti ndi owopsa, m'mayiko ena nkoletsedwa kukolola. 
M'dera limene kale linali Soviet Union, bowa ikhoza kudyedwa, koma ndi chithandizo choyamba cha kutentha. Pamene yophika imakhala ndi kukoma kokoma ndi fungo. Nthawi yosonkhanitsa ili kuyambira April mpaka May.
Mizere yophukira yosonkhanitsa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito siyikulimbikitsidwa.
Mukhoza kupeza mitundu iyi m'nkhalango zakuda komanso zamchere, pa dothi la mchenga. Nkhumba zimakonda kumphepete, kuzimitsa, malo ocheka mitengo, zimapezeka pafupi ndi msewu. 
Mzerewu uli ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa kwambiri, owonetsetsa. Chipewacho sichimawoneka bwino, kinkakwinya kwambiri ndipo chikuwomba, chimafanana ndi mtedza, mkati mwake sichikhala chopanda kanthu, ndipo chimakhala cha 2-10 masentimita. Mtundu umadalira maonekedwe a chilengedwe ndipo ukhoza kukhala wosiyana kwambiri ndi bulauni ndi mtundu wofiira. Tsinde ndi lalifupi ndi lakuda, kutalika kwake ndi kutalika kwake kufika masentimita atatu, mtundu umasiyana ndi woyera kupita ku kirimu, kumtunda. Mphepete mwa kapu imagwirizana ndi mwendo. Mnofu ndi woyera, wofooka kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Monga gawo la bowa pali mankhwala oopsa a gyromitrin, omwe amawononga dongosolo lakati la mitsempha, chiwindi ndi m'mimba. Pofuna kusokoneza zipangizozo, wiritsani kawiri kwa mphindi 30, kusintha madzi pakati pa maselo. Msuzi mulimonsemo musayese, ndipo mudatsanulire. Popeza hiromitrin ndi yosasinthasintha, bowa akhoza kuuma kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuti alowetse poizoni. Ndiye inu mukhoza kuphika bowa molingana ndi Chinsinsi.
Mukhoza kuphika mtundu uliwonse wa chakudya kuchokera kumtundu uwu: iwo ndi abwino kwambiri mwachangu ndi stew, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa saladi, mbale zotsalira ndi tirigu, kuwonjezera pa nyama ndi nkhuku.
Video: Kusonkhanitsa ndi kukonzekera mizere
Mungakhale bowa
Ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimadyetsedwa komanso zotetezeka. Komabe, si aliyense amene amakonda fungo lake ndi kulawa; choncho, ena amangofuna kutengera izi, pamene ena akuchidutsa. 
Fungo la zinyama zatsopano zikufanana ndi fungo la ufa wothira (powdery fungo), koma ena amaona kufanana ndi fungo la nkhaka kapena udzu, fungo limatchulidwa kwambiri. Mulowetse, monga dzina limatanthawuzira, likuwoneka mu mwezi watha wamasika. Amakonda malo otseguka, okongola - amamera m'mphepete mwa udzu wambiri, amapezeka ngakhale m'mapaki ndi midzi ya maluwa, makamaka, osati nthaka kapena malo. Poyamba kutentha kwa chilimwe, nyengo yosonkhanitsa imathera. 
Chipewa ndi mwendo wa mitundu iyi ndi amodzi okhawo, omwe amajambula ndi mtundu woyera kapena wamafuta. Chophimbacho chili ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba, ndi mbale zochepa pansi. Mimbayi imatha kufika pa masentimita 3 mpaka 10. Mgugu umakhala wotsika kwambiri, wotsika pansi, wamfupi: mu msinkhu - mpaka masentimita 8, mamita atatu mpaka masentimita atatu. Thupi ndi loyera, lofiira, nyama.
Onaninso za bowa-bowa: parsley (ryadovka imvi), poplar kuthamanga.
Mayendedwe - ili ndi dzina lina la mitundu iyi. Monga oimira onse a mtundu wa ryadovok, akhoza kumera m'madera ena, omwe amatchedwa "azungu". 
Pamene yophika, bowa imakhala ndi zokoma zodabwitsa komanso zonunkhira. Njira yodziwika kwambiri yophika imathamanga, koma bowa ndi abwino kwambiri popanga, salting, kuyanika. Zimayenda bwino ndi zakudya zophika nyama, zowonjezera ku saladi ndi sauces.
Video: May ryadovka
Mvula yamvula
Zimaganiziridwa chakudya chonseKomabe, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayenera kudya, zomwe zimadziwika ndi zokoma ndi zonunkhira, chipale chofewa, zotsekemera thupi.
Onetsetsani mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya bowa.
Patapita nthawi, zamkati zimataya katundu wake, zimakhala zovuta komanso zimakhala zobiriwira. Chifukwa chakuti bowa sungathe kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, amafunika kuphika masana. Mvula iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa kumapeto kwa kasupe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pambuyo mvula. 
Zipatso mu theka lachiwiri la May, mu miyezi ya chilimwe mpaka m'dzinja. Mvula imakonda malo achonde ndi malo otseguka: amapezeka pamadambo, minda, msipu, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango ndi glades.
Mukudziwa? Zolemba za kutuluka kwa spore zimaonedwa kuti ndi mvula yamvula: 7 biliyoni spores amachotsedwa ku bowa pa liwiro la 90 km / h.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mvula, yomwe imasiyana ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe a kapu. Mwachitsanzo, chivundikiro chamvula chachikulu (chachikulu) chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri - kulemera kwake kumatha kufika makilogalamu 10, ndipo chapachifupi mwake ndi 30-50 masentimita. Mutu uli wozungulira, mwendo uli wochepa kwambiri kapena ulibe. Zipangizo zam'madzi zimakhala zochepa kwambiri: mpaka masentimita 6 m'lifupi, pamwamba pake zimadzaza ndi mapiritsi ang'onoang'ono mpaka 6 mm. 
Monga tanenera kale, thupi la achinyamata oimira chipale chofewa ndi loyera, lofiirira, koma patapita nthawi limataya turgor, imakhala imvi, violet kapena yobiriwira. Zitsanzo zochepa chabe ndizoyenera kudya. Amagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito poyanika, kutentha, kuzimitsa. Iwo ndizazazaza kwambiri ma pie, amathandiza saladi ndi zakudya zopsereza. Kutentha si njira yabwino yophika, monga kudula madzi ambiri, bowa amataya mawonekedwe awo.
Video: Mvula yowonongeka
Tinder ndi sulfure-chikasu
Akulozera bowa chodyera choyenera, musanagwiritse ntchito, imafuna kutentha kwa mphindi 40 kapena kufuma. Zitsanzo zochepa chabe ndizoyenera kudya, zomwe sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitengo ya coniferous, koma pamtengo wamtengo wapatali. 
Ali ndi kukoma kokoma kwa bowa wokondweretsa ndi kukoma ndi wowawa. Mitundu imeneyi ndi mankhwala owononga mitengo omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudza mitsinje, birch, lindens, mitengo yamapiri ndi mitengo ya zipatso.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuwerenga za bowa zina zomwe zimadya komanso zoopsa.
Kumadera a Russia ndi Ukraine akukula kuyambira kumapeto kwa May mpaka kumapeto kwa June. Nthawi yosonkhanitsa kwambiri ili pakati pa June. Mungathe kukumana nawo pang'onopang'ono pa mitengo ikuluikulu kapena stumps. 
Pa nthawi yoyamba ya chitukuko, tinder ndi mthunzi wonga dontho la mtundu wachikasu kapena lalanje. Patapita nthaŵi, thupi la bowa limakhala lolimba, limakhala ndi mawonekedwe, monga khutu, chiwerengero cha zipewa zowonongeka. Pamunsi, kukula kwa bowa ndi masentimita 7 mpaka 10, kukula kwa makapu kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira 10 mpaka 40 cm. Popeza pali zikopa zazikulu zambiri pamlendo umodzi, mamembala ena amaimira 10 kg.
Mukudziwa? Ambiri a bowa amakhala pansi ndikubisala m'maso mwathu. Mycelium ikhoza kufika kukula kwakukulu ndikukwera makilomita mazana asanu pansi pa nthaka. Mwachitsanzo, m'chigawo cha Oregon munapeza mycelium ya mahekitala pafupifupi 1,000, olemera matani mazana ambiri.
Polypore ali ndi mnofu woyera, wonyezimira, wonyezimira komanso wowuma. Zosungidwa bwino pamene zida, zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, salting ndi kuyanika. Njira zophika pophika ndizozizira ndi kuyendetsa. Mukhoza kupanga mince kuchokera kumsana wa sulfure-chikasu kuti mudzaze mapepala, kuwonjezera pa casseroles.
Tikukulangizani kuti mudziŵe luso la kukolola bowa: salting, pickling, kuyanika, kuzizira.
Video: Kusonkhanitsa ndi kuphika
Brownberry
Ndi bowa wodyetsedwa kwathunthu, otetezeka kudya. Lili ndi dzina, limene likuwonekeratu kuti n'zotheka kupeza bowa iyi m'madera osasunthika komanso osakanikirana, koma mitengo ya birch ndi malo okondedwa kwambiri omwe akukula. Imafuna kutentha kwa dothi ndi mlengalenga, motero nthawi zambiri "imakhazikika" pafupi ndi matupi a madzi komanso m'madera otsetsereka. Miphika ikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kumapeto kwa May ndi nthawi yonse ya chilimwe. Mtundu uwu ndi wamtengo wapatali kwambiri chifukwa cha kukoma kwake, kapangidwe kake ndi kukoma kwake. 
Pali mitundu yoposa 40 ya bowa ichi, koma kusiyana kwake kuli kochepa. Mtundu wa bowa umasiyana ndi kuwala kofiirira mpaka kufiira. Cap kukula - mpaka 15 cm, hemispherical mawonekedwe, ndi mkulu chinyezi yokutidwa ndi mucous nembanemba. Phazi likhoza kufika masentimita 3 mpaka 15 mu msinkhu, mpaka masentimita 4 m'mimba mwake, mozungulira, mozama pansi ndi pansi mpaka pansi. 
Thupi la mitundu iyi ndi loyera, lopanda fungo lapadera, ndi lofewa kwambiri. Nkhumba zimadziwika kuti zikukula mofulumira: patatha sabata itatha, zimafika kukula kwambiri ndikuyamba kukula, pamene thupi limatuluka, madzi, ndipo amatha kutaya. Ndicho chifukwa chake achinyamata okha, zowonongeka ndizoyenera kudya.
Phunzirani zambiri za mitundu ndi ubwino wa boletus.
Brownberry amagwiritsa ntchito pophika kuphika. Kuphika, kuthira, kutentha, kukolola m'nyengo yozizira ndi salting, pickling ndi kuyanika zimaloledwa pakati pa njira zophika. Brownberry ndi yabwino kwa maphunziro oyambirira ndi achiwiri, ikhoza kukhala chosekemera chodziimira payekha kapena chophatikizapo saladi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza kuphika, kuphika msuzi, sauces.
Video: Kuphika boletus
Champignon
Mwinamwake mawonekedwe otchuka kwambiri ndi ozolowereka. Bowa wosakaniza ndi wonunkhira. Amakula mochuluka m'mphepete zobiriwira, koma mwachilengedwe zimakula kumadera a ku Ulaya, m'mayiko a Asia, Africa ndi America. 
Amakonda chuma chambiri, chonde chokhala ndi chinyezi. Nthawi zina zimatha kumera pa makungwa a mitengo, zitsamba, m'minda komanso m'mapaki. Nthawi yokolola imakhala kuyambira theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa May mpaka m'dzinja.
Mukudziwa? Malo oyambirira obiriwira okwera bowa anaonekera kumadera a France m'ma 1750.
Chipewa cha bowa chomwe chimakhala ngati chigawo cha hemisphere chimafika pa 6 mpaka 16 cm m'mimba mwake, chouma, chingakhale chowoneka bwino kapena chokha. Msoka umakhala wa masentimita 4-10, mawonekedwe ozungulira, otsika pang'ono, ngakhale, pakati ogawika ndi mphete yaikulu. Mtundu wa miyendo ndi chipewa ndi chimodzimodzi: zikhoza kukhala zoyera, kirimu ndi kuwala kofiira kapena rozovinkoy. 
M'magulu aang'ono, mbaleyo ndi yoyera, ndi zaka zomwe zimatembenuza bulauni kapena bulauni. Thupi ndi lofewa, lofewa, loyera, kumalo ophwanya ndi kuponderezana, komanso imakhala pinki pamene imakanizidwa mlengalenga.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za maluwa: ubwino ndi kuvulaza thupi, kuzizira mufiriji, teknoloji yakukula kunyumba.
Munda wa mtundu wambiri womwe umadziwika bwino ndi Sh. Dvuhporyovy (Agaricus bisporus). Zakudya zili ndi mitundu iŵiri, yozungulira, yofala, yamitengo. Mitundu yowopsya - yokhotakhota-yophika ndi champeni ya khungu lofiira, kapena wofiira.
Mphepete akhoza kudya yaiwisi popanda zotsatira za thanzi. Konzani bowa mwanjira iliyonse. Iwo ndi abwino kwa supu, broths, mbale mbale. Zikhoza kukhala zokazinga, zophika komanso zophika. Ena amakhulupirira kuti bowa lakumwa silimatchulidwa mokwanira m'magulu, chifukwa kawirikawiri bowa ili limakonzedwa ndi kuwonjezera zonunkhira, nyengo, zitsamba ndi adyo.
Video: mitengo ya nkhalango
Kawirikawiri, miyezi ya masika ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yosonkhanitsa mphatso zamtengo wapatali za m'nkhalango. Ngati simusowa mphindiyi, khalani omvetsera ndi olimbikira, mutha kusonkhanitsa mphatso zabwino zamtengo wapatali.
