Mavwende ambiri ndi a Mzungu, ndipo amapezeka ku Nkhaka. Iyo inayamba kukula zaka zikwi zingapo zapitazo, pamene zipatso zinali zisanakhale zazikulu ndi zokoma monga za mitundu yamakono. Ngakhale zili choncho, ambiri akutsutsanabe za momwe angatchere mbewu zaulimi: masamba, chipatso, kapena mabulosi?
Mbiri ya vwende
Kwa nthawi yoyamba Aigupto anatchula vwende, akuwonetsera zipatso zake muzojambula zawo. Zaka za mafano ngati amenewa ndi pafupi zaka 5-6000. Kuti mudziwe dziko lachikhalidwechi, muyenera kumvetsera ku madera omwe mungapeze chiwerengero chachikulu cha mitundu yofanana ya feteleza yamakono. Chomerachi chimakula kwambiri kumadera akummwera kwa Africa ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India.
Dziwitseni nokha ndi malamulo a kubzala ndi vwende.
M'chilengedwe, palibe achibale enieni a mitundu yamakono ya vwende omwe angapezeke. Pali malo omwe mungathe kuona osiyana-siyana ndi oimira zakutchire a mtundu uwu, omwe kunja kwake ndi ofooka kwambiri kuposa mavwende omwe amawoneka ndi mavwende ndipo amamva bwino ngati nkhaka, popeza ali ndi shuga ndithu. 
Asayansi akuganiza kuti malo obadwirako ana ayenera kutchedwa malo omwe mavwende amakula mu mawonekedwe omwe amadziwika lero. Madera awa ndi Afghanistan, Iran, komanso Central ndi Small Asia - mayiko omwe ali pafupi ndi Africa ndi India. Anali pano komwe anthu okhala zaka mazana ambiri adayika vwende ndikukula kumeneko mpaka nthawi ino. Lero tikudziwa mitundu yosachepera 113 yomwe ili yosavuta, ndipo pafupifupi 38 mderalo. Mudziko lathu, zitsanzo za chipatso chokoma ndi chowawacho zinabweretsedwa kuchokera ku India mu 1926.
Mukudziwa? M'buku la Guinness Book of Records linalembedwa vwende, yomwe inkalemera mapaundi 118. Inalembedwa ku United States mu 1985. Zoona, mu 2009, nyuzipepala ya pa TV inanena kuti munthu wina wokhala ku Australia adakhala ndi vwende yakulemera makilogalamu 447.5, choncho mbiri yakale idasweka ndi ena.
Chipatso chimodzi - mawonedwe awiri
Ambiri adakali ndi chidwi ndi funsoli: momwe mungatchulire bwino chikhalidwe chodabwitsa - masamba kapena chipatso, mwinamwake mabulosi? Kawirikawiri, anthu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutcha zipatso zipatso zomwe zimakhala zokoma ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga saladi zokoma, mchere wophika. Zamasamba, mwachibadwa, ndi zipatso zomwe kukoma kwake kulibe kukoma. Koma kodi chiphunzitsochi chimagwira ntchito pa vwende?
Mavwende amatha kudyidwa osati yaiwisi chabe, komanso kupanga kuchokera pazigawozo nthawi yozizira.
Chiwonetsero cha zokolola
Kuyambira pambali ya chipatso chophika ndikutcha zipatso zomwe zili zoyenera kudya ndi kumera pamtengo kapena zitsamba. Ngati mutatsatira mawu awa, zipatso za vwende sizingatchulidwe.
Zipatso zomwe ziri zoyenera kudya, koma zimakula mu mawonekedwe a udzu, amatchedwa zamasamba. Kugwirizana kwa vwende ndi zikhalidwe zoterozo nthawi zambiri kumatsimikiziridwa, chifukwa chake pafupi kwambiri wachibale ndi nkhaka. Zophika nthawi zambiri zimatcha mavwende a masamba a mchere, motero kufotokozera kununkhira kwake kokoma ndi kukoma kwake. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ku Japan, adaphunzira kukula mitundu yomwe zipatso zake zili ndi shuga pang'ono, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masamba.
Wosakanizidwa amapeza mwa kudutsa nkhaka ndi vwende amatchedwa nkhaka.
Zipatso zimatchedwa zipatso zokometsera zazikulu, zomwe zimakula pa tchire ndi mitengo. Ndipo pakadali pano, ngakhale kukula kwakukulu kumene sikuli kwa zipatso, mavwende zipatso amadziwika ndi iwo.
Amakhulupirira kuti mavwende akuluakulu oterewa anapezeka chifukwa cha kuthandiza anthu pakukula mbewu. Komanso, mu malo athu achilengedwe ngakhale lerolino munthu akhoza kupeza vwende, zomwe zipatso zake ndizochepa - osati oposa nthawi zonse. Ndipo anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zipatso za chikhalidwe ichi zinali zowonjezera mu mawonekedwe awo oyambirira, kufikira munthu atagwiritsa ntchito manja awo kwa iwo. 
Koma pamene vwende sangathe kutchedwa mabulosi wamba. Zipatso zimatchedwa maungu kapena zonama. Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimasiyanitsa mbewuyi ndi kupezeka kwa mbewu zambiri, yowutsa mudyo wa pericarp, ndi khungu lakuda ndi lakuda.
Chiwonetsero cha zithunzi
Ponena za botani, "masamba" amatha kutchedwa masamba ndi zimayambira (mwachitsanzo, sipinachi kapena ginger), ndi mbewu zozulidwa (kaloti) komanso maluwa (kolifulawa).Komanso, chipatsocho chikhoza kutchulidwa ngati masamba, omwe amatanthauza gawo la chikhalidwe chomera, chomwe chimapangidwa kuchokera ku duwa ndipo ndi malo osungira mbeu. Katemera, mtedza, bokosi, tirigu ndi zina zotero.
Pakati pa yowutsa mudyo zipatso amadziwika mabulosi, mwala zipatso, apulo ndi dzungu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati tifotokozera tanthauzo la botanical, tingathe kuganiza kuti masamba ndiwo gawo labwino la chomera, loyenera kudya monga chakudya. Awa ndi mizu ndi mphukira, masamba ndi mababu, ngakhale inflorescences. Ndipo popeza zipatso za dzungu ndi mavwende, malingaliro a botany, akhoza kutchedwa masamba. 
Zipatso, kuchokera kumbali ya zomera, zimatengedwa kuti ndizo zipatso zoyenera kudya, zimapangidwa kuchokera ku ovary, kawirikawiri ndi angiosperms ndi kukula pa shrub kapena mtengo. Amagawilidwanso m'magulu angapo akuluakulu, kuphatikizapo zipatso zouma (nandolo, walnuts), ndi mafupa akulu ndi nyama yowutsa mudyo (maula, pichesi) ndi nyama yowutsa mudyo komanso mbeu (nkhaka, lalanje, apulo, vwende). Zikuoneka kuti vwende nthawi imodzi imagwera m'magulu onsewa, kukhala woimira masamba ndi zipatso. Ndi chifukwa chake malingaliro pa nkhaniyi akusiyanabe.
Kufotokozera mwachidule: zipatso, mabulosi kapena masamba
Ngati n'zovuta kusankha pakati pa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, kodi tinganene chiyani za zipatso? Pano funsoli ndi lovuta kwambiri, chifukwa molingana ndi tanthauzo la botanical, vwende ndikulinso ndi mabulosi, ngakhale kunja kwa chipatso ichi ndi chosiyana kwambiri ndi zipatso zamtundu uliwonse.Chifukwa cha tanthawuzoli ndi zoona kuti mabulosi mu botani ndi chipatso chomwe chimakhala ndi mnofu wambiri wophimba ndi chipolopolo, ndipo pali fupa mkati mwake. Iyenera kupangidwa kuchokera ku ovary, koma ikhoza kuonekera kuchokera ku mbali iliyonse ya duwa, monga strawberries, yopangidwa kuchokera ku chokwanira. Ndi chitukuko chomwe chimapangitsa chipatso kutchedwa mabulosi onyenga.
Mavwende, monga nkhaka, yomwe sizongokhala masamba, ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi momwe zimakhalire ndi zipatso. Koma chipatso chake ndi chosiyana chifukwa chiri ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mbewu mkati, komanso chimakhala ndi pericarp. Kuchokera pa zonse izi zikutsatila kuti chikhalidwe chomwe mukukambirana chingakhale chifukwa cha zipatso zabodza. 
Mukudziwa? Yubari Mfumu vwende ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Khalani ndi zipatso zokha m'madera amodzi a ku Japan. Ndi yowutsa mudyo komanso yokoma mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino, ndipo thupi lake ndilosavuta. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti amagulitsa zipatso zoterezi pamsika wogulitsa ndipo angathe kutenga madola 20,000. kwa banja.
Gwiritsani ntchito komanso phindu la vwende
Anthu omwe adalawa vwende adzakumbukira kukoma kwake kosangalatsa komanso fungo lokoma kwa nthawi yaitali. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ambiri sangazindikire kuti kulawa kungathe kufanana ndi dzungu, komanso nkhaka. Zogwiritsira ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito zoterezi zimachokera ku mankhwala ake, omwe ali olemera kwambiri mavwende. Lili ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera antioxidants, komanso ma immunomodulators. Kupuma kwapakati ndi folic acid, mavitamini A, E ndi pafupifupi gulu lonse B, organic acid ndi amino acid complex zimapezeka pakati pa zigawo zikuluzikulu. Ndizosatheka kuti tisakumbukire kukhalapo kwa zipatso za nthaka, phosphorous, manganese, ayodini, potaziyamu, chitsulo ndi zinthu zina.
N'zosadabwitsa kuti anthu adaphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba yosungirako zinthu zofunika pamoyo wawo wa tsiku ndi tsiku osati chakudya chokoma, komanso mankhwala ndi cosmetology. 
Mu mankhwala owerengeka
Mavwende amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala, komanso ku China - komanso mwachikhalidwe. Amatha kuthana ndi zotupa mu njira ya urogenital, kuthandizira kuchotsa edema, kukonzanso mkhalidwe ndi chimfine, komanso kukhala ndi zotsatira zopweteketsa pang'ono pamatumbo.Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kagawo kamodzi kokha, amavutika kwambiri ndi matenda a mtima, komanso matenda a chimbudzi ndi impso. Zina mwa zinthu Mavwende amatha kuyambitsa ubongo, chifukwa uli ndi chakudya. Zimathandizanso kuchepetsa dongosolo lamanjenje, kuchepetsa kukwiya komanso kusintha kugona.
Desserts zomwe zakonzedwa pamaziko a zamkati zamchere zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi amayi mmalo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zamkati zili ndi folic acid, zomwe zimapindulitsa pa mapangidwe abwino a placenta. Komanso monga mankhwala opatsirana pogonana ndi decoctions amagwiritsira ntchito zakumwa zopangidwa ndi vwende, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zouma ndi za nthaka za zipatso zoterezo, zouma mu ufa. 
Ndikofunikira! Mu mawonekedwe ake, mbewu za dzungu sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito, chifukwa sizowopsya komanso zopanda pake, koma ndizoopsa.
Mu cosmetology
Pofuna zodzikongoletsera, mbewu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchitoyi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha masks ndi zolemba za wraps zochokera pa chipatso ichi, chomwe chimagwira bwino pa khungu ndi tsitsi. Khungu limakhala losalala komanso lowala kwambiri, mphutsi ndi kutupa zimatha. Tsitsi pambuyo pa masks otere amapeza kuwala, komanso mawonekedwe awo amakula.
Mukhozanso kupanga masks kwa manja ndi misomali pa maziko a vwende. Zonse zomwe muyenera kuchita ndi kutsanulira supuni imodzi ya mbeu ndi madzi otentha, ndiye wiritsani kwa mphindi zitatu pa moto wochepa. Msuzi uwu udzatsalira kuti uwononge ndi kuzizira, pambuyo pake mungagwiritse ntchito. Khungu la manja lidzakhala lachikondi komanso labwino, komanso misomali - yamphamvu ndi yathanzi.Pezani zomwe matenda amachiza amagwiritsa ntchito vwende.
Mu zakudya
Kaluni vwende mu mawonekedwe ake opangidwa ndi makilogalamu 35 okha pa magalamu 100. Ichi ndi chochepa kwambiri, kotero ndi choyenera kugwiritsa ntchito, ngakhale omwe akuyesera kuchepetsa thupi. Koma muyenera kukumbukira kuti mankhwalawa angapangitse kuwonjezeka kwa njala.Palinso mavwende omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mavwende, atsikana ambiri amapanga masiku amodzi osungunuka kapena amasunga chipatsochi pakudya zakudya ndi mabulosi. Koma simuyenera kutengeka ndi vwende zouma: 100 magalamu a mankhwalawa ali ndi makilogalamu 341.
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale zili ndi makhalidwe abwino, gwiritsani ntchito vwende monga chofunika kwambiri mu zakudya zimaloledwa masiku osachepera atatu.
Akuphika
Mavwende amadya osati yaiwisi, komanso amauma komanso zouma. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito monga chogwiritsira ntchito saladi osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, chodabwitsa kwambiri chotengerachi chikuphatikizidwa ndi tchizi. Mwa zina, kuchokera ku chipatso chokoma komanso chokoma, anthu ambiri amakonda kuphika mazira, kusungunula ndi kusunga. Imakhalanso gawo la zokometsera zosiyanasiyana zokoma - osakhala moledzera komanso mowa.Onetsetsani mavwende abwino pa tebulo lanu.
Pogwiritsira ntchito zokometsera zotere mu mawonekedwe obiriwira, muyenera kukumbukira kuti simukufunikira kuziziritsa musanayambe kutumikira. Chipatso chiyenera kukhala kutentha. Poyambirira, iyenera kusungunulidwa ndi kusungunulidwa, ndiyeno kudula m'magawo.
Tikukulangizani kuti muphunzire kupanga vwende zouma kunyumba.
Chogulitsa chimenechi chakhala chodziwika kwambiri pakati pa okhala m'mayiko ambiri, zomwe sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa maonekedwe a chipatso samasiya kusiyana. Ndipo zimatha kutchedwa mavitamini. Chinsinsi cha thanzi labwino, achinyamata ndi ubwino wa nthawi yayitali ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mavwende moyenera.
