Cherry ndi chimodzi mwa zipatso zotchuka kwambiri m'minda yathu. Ndimodzichepetsa, wokoma kwambiri komanso wokonzeka kukonzekera zakudya zosiyanasiyana - mchere wonse komanso wosakaniza, mwachitsanzo, mankhwala osakaniza nyama, zomwe zingatheke chifukwa cha kukoma mtima kochokera ku chipatso ichi. Ndi chifukwa cha iye kuti ambiri amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito yamatcheri atsopano, koma amawonekedwe a mchere. Koma vutoli limathetsedwa ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe umapezeka powoloka yamatcheri ndi yamatcheri okoma. Chimodzi mwa zinyama zotchuka kwambiri ndi "Kusonkhana" chitumbuwa.
Mbiri yopondereza
Olemba a zosiyanasiyana ndi Nikolay ndi Valentina Turovtsev, antchito a Melitopol Institute of Irrigated Gardening iwo. MF Sidorenko. Wosakanizidwawo unatengedwa mu 1966 podutsa "Lyubskaya" chitumbuwa ndi "Kievskaya-19" chitumbuwa ndi chitumbuwa cha chitumbuwa.
Mu 1995, malingaliro osiyanasiyana a chilengedwe chonse, omwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dera la steppe, adalowa mu State Register of Zosiyanasiyana Zomera ku Ukraine, chiwerengero chake ndi 82074001.
Kulongosola kwa mtengo
Cherry "Kusonkhana" amatanthauza yamatcheri a bushy, ndi offupika, omwe amachititsa kuti muyeso wosakanizidwawo akhale wamakono: Nthawi zambiri mtengo umakula kuposa mamita awiri. Kwa korona, ili ndi malo ozungulira, osati ofunda nthambi, zigawo zake, zowonongeka.
Mudzakhala ndi chidwi chophunzira za teknoloji yaulimi ya kulima mitundu yotere yamatcheri monga "Turgenevka", "Vladimirskaya", "wopatsa", "Zhukovsky", "Shpanka", "Ural Ruby", "Mayak", "Kharitonovskaya"
Mizu ndi mndandanda wa mizu yowongoka ndi yopingasa. Zimaoneka mozama ndipo zimatha kufika mamita awiri m'litali, pomwe zimakhala zosakanikirana, kuchoka pamtunda waung'ono wa 10-40 cm kuchokera muzu wa mizu, kukula, kupatsa chaka chonse kukula kwakukulu. Dera logawira mizu yopingasa ndilo nthawi imodzi ndi theka lalikulu kusiyana ndi kukonzekera korona.
Masamba ali obiriwira okwanira mokwanira, ali ndi mawonekedwe a oval ndi dentate m'mphepete mwake.
Maluwa amasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a inflorescence, omwe, malinga ndi nyengo yokula imakhala yoyera komanso yobiriwira.
Ndikofunikira! Kugula mbande za munda wanu, makamaka m'malo owonetseredwa omwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino, mwachitsanzo, mu malo odyera. Izi zidzakutetezani ku zodabwitsa zosadabwitsa monga kusintha. Samalani mizu: ayenera kukhala atakula bwino, amphamvu. Makungwawo sayenera kugwedezeka, ndipo masamba amawoneka athanzi. Masamba sayenera kukhala ochulukirapo, zikutanthauza kuti nyembazo zinakumbidwa mofulumira kwambiri.
Kufotokozera Zipatso
Cherry kukula kwa zipatso "Kukumana" kwakukulu kulemera kwake kwa mabulosi ndi 9-10 g; zipatso zina zimakwana 15 g wolemera. Kawirikawiri, iwo ali ofanana mofanana. Maonekedwe a chitumbuwa ndi mpira wonyezimira. Mwala umene uli ndi zipatso zazikulu kwambiri, ndi wosavuta kuti ukhale wosiyana ndi mankhwala omwe amasungunuka pakamwa. Mdima wofiira wofiira wojambula mu mdima wofiira, komatu m'malo wandiweyani. Zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi zamkati.
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
Zakudya za mchere wa chitumbuwa, zomwe zili ndi shuga wambiri, zimapangidwa ndi makina akuluakulu - zotheka 5 - zomwe zimalola kuti "Msonkhano" upikisane ndi mitundu yotereyi monga "Chokoleti" ndi "Chozizwitsa".
Werengani malamulo oyambirira a chodzala yamatcheri komanso momwe mungachitire molondola kugwa
Matenda ndi Kutsutsana ndi Tizilombo
Mitengo imatsutsa mwamphamvu matenda oopsa omwe amapezeka m'munda - coccomycosis ndi moniliosis, zomwe zimawononga thanzi lonse ndikuwononga mbewu.
Zomera zozizira ndi kukana chilala
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zosiyanitsa za mtundu uwu ndi zake kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa nyengo yozizira. Mtengo umatha kunyamula madigiri 25 a chisanu popanda kuwonongeka. Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga "Success" yamtengo wapatali yamakono "Msonkhano" akukumana ndi chilala chonchi.
Mukudziwa? Amakhulupirira kuti ku Ulaya akuyenera kukoma mitundu yamitundu ya Perry cherry, ndi wowawasa - Asia Minor.
Zimbudzi, zosafunika ndi zoyandikana nazo
Mitundu imeneyi imalingaliridwa kuti ndi yachonde, ngakhale muzinthu zina zimatchedwa kwathunthu wosabereka. Mulimonsemo, Msonkhano wa Cherry ukusowa kukhalapo kwa anthu omwe amawotcha nkhuku:
- "Lubskaya";
- "Samsonovki";
- "Minxes";
- "Chowoneka".
Oyandikana nawo abwino adzakhala mphesa ndi yamatcheri.
Sitingalole kuti oyandikana nawo a "Msonkhano" akhale:
- apricot;
- peyala;
- phokoso;
- peach;
- chithunzi;
- mtedza
Malamulo a kucha
Mtengo umaphuka, malingana ndi nyengo yomwe ikukula mkatikati mwa mwezi wa April kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, zipatso zimapsa mpaka kumapeto kwa June, makumi awiri.
Mukudziwa? Zili zovuta kunena ndendende pamene yamatcheri anakula ndikulimidwa kuno, koma amadziwika bwino kuti m'zaka za zana la 12 izo zinali kale kale pansi pa Yuri Dolgoruky. Mwachionekere, mafuko a Asilavo ankadziŵa bwino mtengo umenewu kale. Pa masamba a "Domostroi" odziŵika kwambiri, a m'zaka za zana la makumi asanu ndi limodzi, amalimbikitsa kwambiri kuti azitulutsa yamatcheri.
Kulima ndi Kukolola
Mtengo umalowa mu fruiting nthawi zitatu kapena zinayi mutabzala, kupanga zipatso pa nthambi za maluwa ndi kukula kwa chaka chimodzi. Mtengo wachikulire wosakwatiwa ukhoza kubzala zipatso zokwana makilogalamu 20, nthawi zina zimatha kukolola 25-28 makilogalamu kuchokera ku chomera chimodzi.
Transportability
Zakudya zamtengo wapatali zimasungidwa bwino komanso zimanyamula nthawi yaitali, ngakhale pamtunda wautali, zomwe zimapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyenera kulima malonda.
Cholinga
Makheritsi amatha kudya mwatsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika, kupanga kukonzekera nyengo yozizira, kuzizira, kuyanika - zosiyanasiyana ndizozungulira.
Kuti mudzikondweretse nokha ndi okondedwa anu ndi mankhwala othandiza ndi okoma, ndi bwino kudziwa momwe mungayamire, owuma, kusunga yamatcheri, konzekerani masamba a chitumbuwa.
Mavuto akukula
Kwa chitumbuwa chirichonse, ndi "Msonkhano" sizinali zosiyana, nthaka yokondedwayo:
- osalowerera ndale;
- chowoneka bwino mchenga;
- loam.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati dera lanu ndi losavuta, liyenera kukhala lopanda, musanadzale mtengo mmenemo, ndipo ndi bwino kuchita izi kugwa, ngati mutabzala mbande m'chaka.
Anabzala mtengo m'madera omwe amatetezedwa ku pulasitiki yokongola ndi madzi. Ndikofunika kuti chomeracho chikhale ndi dzuwa lokwanira, ngakhale kuti chifukwa cha kusowa kwake sichimavutika kwambiri, chifukwa amamva bwino komanso m'malo ochepa.
Sizimveka kubzala chitumbuwa chotchedwa "Msonkhano" mu dothi lolemera kapena nthaka yosavuta kwambiri, komanso pansi pamtunda.
Malamulo obwera
Nthawi yabwino yodzala imadalira nyengo yokula: Ngati derali liri kumwera, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kudzala chitumbuwa mu autumn, kumpoto, kubzala kudzakhala koyenera m'chaka, chisanu chidzasungunuka ndipo nthaka idzauma.
Phunzirani kufunika kwa nthaka ya acidity kwa zomera, momwe mungadziwire acidity ya nthaka pa malo, momwe mungasokonezere nthaka, komanso momwe mungapangire chonde.
Zomwe anakonza wamaluwa amalangiza kubzala mitengo yamtengo wapatalikatikatikati mwa kasupe, kuyambira pa April 15, ndiye kuti mizu yawo imakhala bwino.
Ngati simukudziwa kuti nthaka ndi yotani, mukhoza kupanga mayeso osavuta kuti mudziwe. Pochita izi, konzekerani kulowetsedwa mwa kuthira 4 mapepala a black currant ndi galasi la madzi otentha ndikuzizira kuzizira. Mu kulowetsedwa ayenera kuyika kagawo kakang'ono ka dziko lapansi, kutengedwa mozama 30-40 centimita. Mtundu wa njirayi ukhoza kuweruzidwa pa nthaka:
- chofiira kwambiri - kwambiri acidic;
- pinki;
- chithunzi;
- zobiriwira - zosaloŵerera.
Mlimi yemwe akufuna kudzala mbande zingapo ayenera kukhala kutali pakati pa mabowo. osachepera mamita 3-4, chifukwa, ngakhale kuti nthawi yayitali komanso yochepa kwambiri, "Kukumana" kuli ndi korona yofala kwambiri, ndipo mizu imakula nthawi imodzi ndi theka kuposa momwe imafotokozera. Popanda kutero, mitengo idzachotsana ndipo sizidzakula bwino. Kulamulira kwa mamita 3-4 mamita kuyenera kuwonetsedwa poyerekeza ndi ena, makamaka mitengo yapamwamba, komanso nyumba zaulimi.
Ndikofunikira! Kuwaza nthaka yotulutsidwa kuchokera mu dzenje kungakhale mineral, osati feteleza wambiri, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto aakulu pamtengowo.
Chitsimecho chiyenera kukhala osachepera theka la mita lonse ndi chakuya.
Kutangotsala pang'ono kufika, dzenje limaperekedwa ndi chingwe, komwe sapling yachinyamata imamangidwa. Mwachidziwikire, kudzala chomeracho sichinali wamkulu kuposa zaka ziwiri, akuluakulu ambiri amakhala ndi mwayi wochepa wozika mizu.
Kuyika zowonjezera zowonjezera zoumba kuzungulira chithandizo cha mbidzi, mizu ya mmera, yomwe iyenera kukhala yamphamvu ndi kukhala ndi maonekedwe abwino, yowongoka bwino. Mukamabzala, khola liyenera kukhala kumbali yakumpoto, pamene thunthu - kuchokera kumpoto. Muzu wa mizu sukhoza kuikidwa m'manda, uyenera kuti ukhale pansi, kapena masentimita atatu kuti ufike.
Lembani mosamala nthaka ndi feteleza mu dzenje ndikuliphwanyaphwanya, muyenera kumanga dothi lozungulira patali pamtunda wa 30-40 masentimita pamtengo. Izi ndikuteteza madzi kuti asapulumuke.
Pambuyo pa kumapeto kwa ntchito ya pansi, mtengo umangirizidwa ku chithandizo, kuthirira ndi madzi okwanira 20 malita ndikuphwanya thunthu la mtengo. Kwa mulch mungagwiritse ntchito:
- udzu;
- humus;
- peat;
- udzu;
- utuchi ndi zina zotero.
Ndikofunikira! Maola 6-8 asanadzalemo, mizu iyenera kuikidwa m'madzi kuti ikhale yowonjezera chinyezi. Ngati ponyamula mugwiritse ntchito yankho "Kornevina", mumateteza chitumbuwa kuwonongeka kwa fungal, komanso mumapereka chitetezo chabwino.
Mutabzala m'masiku akudza, mtengowo uyenera kuthiridwa mwamphamvu, pamene mukupewa madzi osagwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mizu.
Zosamalidwa za nyengo za nyengo
Monga mtengo uliwonse wamaluwa, chitumbuwa chotchedwa "Msonkhano" cha chitumbuwa chimasowa chisamaliro, chomwe, komabe, sichiri chosiyana ndi chisamaliro chachizolowezi cha mitengo ya chitumbuwa.
Kuthirira
Kawirikawiri, yamatcheri amathirira madzi katatu pa nyengo:
- pamene mphukira zazing'ono zimakula;
- pamene mtengo umamasula;
- pamene zipatso zipse.
Pa nthawi, zida zitatu za madzi zimabwera pansi pa mtengo uliwonse.
Ngati kasupe kamakhala kozizira kwambiri komanso mvula, muyenera kuwonjezera tizilombo todwalitsa. Pochita izi, sungunulani 100 g uchi mu chidebe cha madzi ndikupaka mitengo ndi madzi.
Mukudziwa? Ndibwino kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugona adye 1-2 magawo amatcheri asanakagone. Melatonin yachilengedwe yomwe ili mkati mwake - homoni yakugona - idzakuthandizani kugona bwino ndikukhala bwino.
Kupaka pamwamba
Chomera chokhala ndi zaka zitatu chikafunika kuyamba kuyamba feteleza. Musanayambe kuphukira, mzere uliwonse wa thunthu uyenera kudyetsedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba mu nyengo chisakanizo cha:
- 20 g wa ammonium nitrate;
- 10 g wa double superphosphate;
- 5 g wa mchere wa potaziyamu.
Nthawi yachiwiri chitumbuwa "chimathiridwa" ndi chisakanizo:
- nkhuni phulusa - lita imodzi pa ndowa;
- potassium sulphate yankho - 2 tbsp. spoons ndi urea - 1 tbsp. supuni yopangidwa ndi madzi omwewo.
Mtengo utatha masamba, imayenera kuthandizidwa ndi ndowa imodzi kapena ziwiri musanapite nthawi yaitali yopuma.
Ndikofunikira! Kuphatikiza pa chaka chokwera pamwamba pa nthawi yoyenera, chitumbuwa chikusowa zaka 3-4 zomwe zimawerengera nthaka acidity. Pachifukwachi, dothi liyenera kukhala laimu. Chochitikachi chidzathandizanso mizu kuti idye chakudya bwinoko, kuonjezera, laimu ndilofunika pa mtengo kuti apange mafupa.
Kusamalira dothi
M'nyengo imeneyi, ndibwino kumasula bwalo la thunthu kawiri kapena katatu. ndipo isanafike yozizira, kuzimba izo mozama kuti zisamawononge mizu.
Pamene sapling akadali wamng'ono ndipo amathera magulu akuluakulu pa engraftment, "maudindo omasuka" amapezeka pano - namsongole, omwe ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse. Chotsani wolima munda kuchokera kufunika kumeneku akhoza kuwonetsa.
Kuchiza mankhwala
Ngakhale kulimbana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matendawa, munthu sayenera kunyalanyaza njira zothandizira:
- kutentha kwa kasupe kumapanga;
- kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula ndi fungicide, mkuwa sulphate kapena bordeaux;
- mankhwala ndi fungicide atatha kuthira phala ndi kupopera mankhwala pambuyo pa masiku khumi;
- kumasulidwa kwa nthaka ku masamba akugwa ndi carrion;
- Kuwongolera mabala aakulu ndi chithandizo cha mabala kuti athe kupewa matenda.
Ndi bwino kusintha njira zowonjezera fungicidal kuti muteteze kukanika kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, phindu la zamakono zamakono zomwe zimapereka zambiri. 
Ngati, mosiyana ndi zowononga kapena chifukwa chosanyalanyaza, munawona zizindikiro za matenda anu chitumbuwa, yambani chomeracho ndi njira zoyenera - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena fungicides.
Ndikofunikira! Kuchokera ku coccomycosis - zosasangalatsa fungal matenda chitumbuwa "Msonkhano" chingathandize stock yamatcheri.
Kudulira ndi kuchotsa mphukira
Ndikofunika kuti pang'onopang'ono kunja korona, chifukwa izi zimakhala ndi kukula mofulumira kwa mphukira. Ndi bwino kuchita izi masika, pamene zidutswa zomwe zisanapulumutsidwe m'nyengo yozizira zikuwoneka bwino. Ndiyeneranso kuchotsa ofooka ndi nthambi zowonjezera kwambiri.
Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse muchotse mphukira zakuya zomwe zimathetsa chomeracho ndi kutenga gawo lina la zakudya kuchokera mmenemo.
Phunzirani momwe mungakonzerere chitumbuwa bwino masika
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira
M'madera kumene nyengo sikumakhala yovuta kwambiri, msonkhano wa Cherry susowa zochitika zapadera zadzinja, kuwonjezera pa ndondomeko yoyenera ya kuyera kwa mzungu ndi kuthirira madzi (10 zidebe zamadzi), ngati chilimwe chili chouma kwambiri. Pambuyo mvula yachilimwe kapena yamvula, palibe chifukwa chochitira izi.
M'madera ozizira ozizira ndi chisanu chowawa, muyenera kuwonjezera kudulira kwadothi, kuyendetsa nthambi, ndikuthimba ndi chipale chofewa, mukhoza kusakaniza ndi utuchi.
Mukudziwa? Ngakhale kuti zaka zambiri za chitumbuwa ndi zazing'ono, palinso ziwindi zazikulu pakati pawo. Izi zikuphatikizapo chitumbuwa cha England cha mamita 13, chomwe chili ndi zaka zoposa 150.
Cherry "Msonkhano", kukhala ndi makhalidwe apadera, sanatayike, komabe, kuthekera kwa kulimbana ndi matenda, chisanu, chilala ndi mitengo ina yovuta. Chifukwa chaichi, izi zosiyanasiyana zimapindulitsa kwambiri ndi amaluwa amaluwa ndi akatswiri onse.
Kufufuza kuchokera pa intaneti:
