Sinningia (Sinningia): kufotokoza, kulima, zithunzi, matenda ndi tizirombo

Mitundu ikuluikulu komanso yodabwitsa kwambiri ya chojambulayi imapanga mtengo wapamwamba wokometsetsa mu chomera ichi. Mu chisamaliro chake adzasowa zina ndizochita, koma ndizofunikira - zing'onozing'ono, zosiyana ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa pawindo lanu zidzakusangalatsani m'mawa uliwonse. Taganizirani za kukula kwa maluwa mu nkhaniyi.

Zamkatimu:

• Mzere
• Njira zoberekera
• Tikufika
• Tuber
• Nthaka
• Kuthirira
• Chisamaliro
• Kuunikira
• Malo
• Kuthirira
• Kupaka pamwamba
• Kudulira
• Kutentha
• Chinyezi
• Kuwaza
• Matenda

Kufotokozera

Dzina lachiwiri lachilatini la duwa ndi gloxinia. Ichi ndi chitsamba chosatha. Zomera za kukula pazenera ndi mabedi a maluwa zimachokera.

Mukudziwa? "Glocke" kutembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Chijeremani "belu". Choncho, "Gloxinia" ndi dzina lodziwika bwino komanso lodziwika bwino lomwe limatchulidwa ndi amateur florist.

Mphunoyi imakhala yaikulu kwambiri, yomwe imatha kufika masentimita 40. Nthaŵi zambiri imakhala yofiirira kwambiri, imakhala ndi mizu yochepa. Mitengo ya kutalika imakhala 25 cm, koma palinso mitundu yochepa. Mtundu wa mphukira ndi wobiriwira kapena wofiira. Masamba ndi ovunda kapena pith, kutalika kwa 1 mpaka 6 cm. Iwo ndi a pubescent, nthawizina amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yowonjezera pamitsinje yayikulu, nsonga zabwino ndi mano pamphepete mwa mbale yonseyo.

Phunzirani momwe mungasamalirire gloxinia, momwe mungatetezere ku matenda ndi tizirombo.

Inflorescences amasungidwa pa duwa phesi, ngati akusonkhanitsidwa m'magulu. Kuwongolera mwina pamtunda waukulu kapena kuthawa. Maluwa ambiri ali ndi mawonekedwe a belu wonyezimira, ndipo aliyense amakhala ndi wosiyana ndi pedicel. Chiwerengero - mpaka 10 zidutswa. Zilonda zam'mimba ndi zamasamba, kutalika kwa maluwa - kuyambira 2 mpaka 6 cm. Nambala - zinthu zisanu. Mtundu - mithunzi 50 yofiira, buluu ndi yachikasu.

Mitundu yachisankho imakhala ndi zofiira, zoyera ndi zofiirira. Maluwa oterewa akhoza kukhala ndi mtundu wa dawuni kapena phula lowala kwambiri lozungulira maluwa. Kuphulika mu March, ndipo pansi pa nyengo yabwino, nyengo yamaluwa imatha miyezi itatu.

Mbewu mpaka 1 mm kukula, zipse kumalo a maluwa, mu mabokosi a mbewu monga mawonekedwe a mbeya ya oblong. Pamwamba pa bokosilo ndi lofiira ndi losalala.

Mukudziwa? Chomeracho chinalandira dzina lake la botanical gloxinia kuchokera kwa dokotala wa German botanist Benjamin Peter Gloksin. Udindo wake m'mbiri ya chomera ndikuti adasankha mbewu, komanso gloxinia makamaka. Dzina lake lakutanthauzira likumasulidwa ndi mawonekedwe a duwa - belu. Mu 1825, chomera chinapezedwa chofanana ndi gloxinia ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa, koma chinali ndi tuber. Ndipo dzina lachilatini la mtunduwo "sinningia" Anachokera ku dzina la V. Sining - woyang'anira munda ku Bonn Botanical Garden, yemwe adapereka moyo wake kuti abereke zomera zotere. Mitundu yonse ya tuberous imasankhidwa.

Mzere

Kupyolera mwa kuyesera kwa obereketsa, pakali pano pali mitundu yambiri ya zomera 30, zosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimayambitsa morphological. Ndipo ntchitoyi siimatha, kotero zoperekazo zimasinthidwa nthawi zonse ndi mtundu komanso maluwa.

Chokongola kwambiri ndi:

• gloxinia "Sambalina";
• Viviese Waltz "gloxinia";
• Sinningia Violaceia;
• Sinningia "Cleopatra";
• kalasi "Ladies" whim ".

Koma mitundu yambiri yomwe mumaikonda, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapezeka pawindo, ganizirani pansipa.

Mitundu ya Terry:

• "Blue Pearl Fild" ("Starlit Night");
• "Mphukira yachisanu";
• Miloslav;
• "Mtima Wosakhwima";
• "Ariel".

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

• "Chiwawa cha Tigrina" ("Nyanja ya Koldovo");
• "TV Galaxy";
• "Magic Magic";
• "Madzi a Swim";
• "Wizardry".

Tidei mitundu:

• "Cranberries mu shuga";
• "Multibells Cherry";
• "Multibells Blue";
• "Rossiyanochka";
• "Chigwa chozizira".

Mwachilengedwe, synningia imakula ngati epiphyte, ndipo epiphytes imaphatikizapo orchids, guzmania, schlumberger, ehmei, platiceriums, vriezii, ripsalis.

Njira zoberekera

Pakati pa alimi a maluwa pali dzina la banja la zomera - "magalasi". Zitha kufalikira m'njira zingapo:

1. Cuttings wa masamba.
2. Mbali ya tsamba la masamba.
3. Ndi thandizo la mbewu.
4. Mwa kugawaniza tuber.
5. Polemba rooting pedicel.

Leaf grafting ndiyo njira yotchuka kwambiri chifukwa chakuti ndi yophweka komanso yotsika mtengo. Pali njira ziwiri zomwe mungasankhire.

Njira yoyamba:

• Muyenera kuchepetsa nsonga ya kudula mu kapu ndi madzi owiritsa;
• pamene mizu ikudutsa, yikani mu kaseti ndi piritsi kapena peti;
• Olima amaluwa amalangiza kulenga kudzipatula kuchokera kunja kwa dziko chifukwa cha kudula - kotero masamba aang'ono akuwoneka mofulumira. Ndipo mwamsanga pamene iwo awoneke, pepala lakale lichotsedwa.

Ngati m'katikati muli mapulaneti ambiri, mukhoza kudula zinthu zingapo ndikubisala kunja. Momwemonso amatha kumera ndikuphuka, ngakhale mofulumira kuposa kudula tsamba.

Njira 2:

• phesi limabzalidwa mwachindunji pansi;
• mapiritsi oyambirira kapena peat ayenera kukonzekera. Pakhazikitsidwa kuti dziko lapansi likhale lotayirira, kotero kuti njira ya chinyezi ndi mpweya ikuwonekera. Ndizomveka kupatsa choyambira ndi perlite (vermiculite), ndi kutsanulira mapiritsi a peat m'madzi;
• Kukonzekera kwa kudula ndikokutsatira - timakonza chodulidwa ndi chokhachokha kuti tipeze mizu mwamsanga;
• Pakati pa nthaka, perekani pozungulira pafupifupi 1.5 masentimita ndi kutsanulira mchenga. Tsinde lobzalidwa pambali;
• timasiyanitsa mphika ndi thumba la pulasitiki kapena mtsuko wa galasi. Chotsani kusungunula mwamsanga pamene ma tubers ndi masamba akupita;
• Ikani mphika pamalo otentha, koma osati dzuwa. Choncho kuthetsa achinyamata kuthawa kudzakhala mofulumira.

Video: gloxinia grafting

Tikufika

Monga tanena kale, pali mitundu yambiri yosankha ya gloxinia tsopano. Zitha kugulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa maluwa komanso pa intaneti. Ngati maluwawo amamera bwino, nthawi zonse amakukondani kwambiri.

Tuber

Mfundo zoyenera kusankha posankha tuber: m'mimba mwake 3-4 masentimita, wandiweyani, zotanuka, popanda malo ovunda kapena nkhungu.

Chidziwitso cha syngony tuber ndi chakuti mizu pa tuber imakula pamwamba pa nkhope yonse: zonse mkati mwa tuber ndi kunja, kumene kumapangidwira masamba. Amatha kuyambitsidwa ndikuyamba kumera nthawi iliyonse ya chaka. Ngati pali masamba ouma kapena otukuka pa tuber, n'zomveka kuti muwachotsere musanagwe pansi. Muyeneranso kuyeretsa ku mizu yakufa.

Eya, ngati tuber isanadzalemo idzakonzedwa mu fungicide (mizu yopanga stimulator). Mankhwala otchulidwa: Vitaros, Maxim, Rovral, Fundazol. Ngati mulibe kanthu kalikonse - gwiritsani ntchito tuber kwa mphindi 20-30 mu njira yakuda ya potaziyamu permanganate.

Nthaka

Ndikofunika kumasula ndi kuthirira nthaka, ikudzaza ndi mpweya. Ngati muli ndi piritsi ya peat, tsanulirani madzi kuti apulumuke. Maluwa okongola omwe amasakaniza ma violets ndi begonias. Ngati muli ndi gawo logula, timapindulitsa:

• vermiculite - mu chiŵerengero cha 1-2 supuni pa lita imodzi;
• mchenga - magawo 1-2 m'magawo okwanira 1 litre.

Ndibwino kuti tizitha kuthira manyowa ndi malasha, sphagnum kapena perlite. Kuwonjezereka kwao kungawononge mchenga.

Poto kapena chophimba chiyenera kukhala cha kukula kwake, kuchokera ku tuber yomwe imayikidwa pakati pa nthaka, ndi 3-4 cm pamphepete mwa mphika ayenera kusiya.

Dzazitsani nthaka yonse, osapeza mokwanira pamtunda wa 4-5 masentimita. Timapangitsa kupanikizika mu nthaka ndi 1.5-2 masentimita, timadzaza ndi mchenga. Mbeuyi imayikidwa mu dzenje ndi mbali yowonongeka m'nthaka, ndipo pang'onopang'ono ndi mphako, komwe kuli zopanda pake pamwamba (izi ndizomwe zimayambira mtsogolo), mmwamba.

Thumba ili ndi dothi, koma ndikofunika kuti lisagwedezeke - izi zikhoza kuwonetsa maonekedwe a impso ndi kuchepetsa kusasitsa. Pamene mphukira imatuluka, tuber iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi nthaka, makulidwe ake ndi pafupifupi 4-5 masentimita.

Video: momwe mungabzalidwe chojambula

Kuthirira

Kuthira kwa tuber kuzungulira. Madzi ayenera kukhala kutentha kutentha - maola angapo osiyana ndi madzi kapena opyolera m'nyumba. Pali njira ziwiri zomwe mungathe kuthirira:

• kuchokera pamwamba mwachindunji kunthaka;
• mu poto, kulola kuti nthaka ikhale yowongoka.

Kusamba madzi nthawi zonse kumatsimikiziridwa. Simungathe kudzaza kapena kuumitsa tuber, mwinamwake idzavunda kapena kuuma mizu.

Timakhala pamalo ozizira ndi ofunda, popanda dzuwa limodzi ndi ma drafts, koma ndi kutentha kozizira kwa + 22 ° C. Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi vuto labwino pa mwezi.

Chisamaliro

Gloxinia ili ndi mbali zina zapadera:

1. Nthaka ya maluwa imatha pambuyo pa maluwa. Ndikofunika kuti ndondomekoyo itheke mwachibadwa.
2. Pamene chomera chimayamba nthawi yopumula, m'pofunika kudyetsa feteleza yosakhala nayitrogeni, mwachitsanzo, monophosphate.
3. Kuti kukula kwakukulu, kukula kwa mphika ndikofunika - kwa munthu wamkulu wamkulu kuchokera pa masentimita 15 m'mimba mwake.
4. Pali kuthekera kwa kusinkhasinkha kwazaka zonse za zokongola izi - maluwa okhala ndi maluwa pamalo amodzi otentha kutentha ndikupereka kuwala kwa maola 14-16 patsiku.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati chipinda chimakhala chozizira kapena chozizira, masamba a gloxinia amatembenuka wakuda ndipo amatha kusamba.

Kuunikira

Chomeracho chimafunikira osachepera maola 12-14. Ngati ndi kotheka, konzekerani kukonzanso masewerawa. Timabwereza - timapatula kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndipo zimawononga zomera.

Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kumvetsetsa kuti pali kuŵerengeka kwa kuwala, yang'anani masamba: ngati ali pamtunda ndipo tsinde silikutambasula, ndiye kuti zonse ziri zachilendo. Ngati mdima wamdima wakuda umatambasula pamwamba pa tsinde lokhazikika, nthawi yowonjezera ya kuwala imafunika.

Malo

Kuika bedi pabedi pawindo, mudzakumana ndi zoopsa zina. Choyamba, ndizolemba - mpweya wabwino wa chipindamo ndi wovuta. Komanso, mabatire amapezeka pansi pawindo - funso loonjezerapo la mpweya lidzawuka.

Kuthirira

Pochita kuthirira pogwiritsa ntchito madzi oyera komanso opanda madzi. Zomwe mumamva nthawi zonse - mukawona kuti dothi lopanda dothi lauma, wothirira ndi sitiroko yachipatala. Kufanana kwa kufota kwa nthaka yonse ndikofunikira.

Kupaka pamwamba

Kudyetsa kumachitika nthawi. Chimodzi mwa zolinga zake zazikulu ndi mitundu yowala, yodzaza ndi bluebells panthawi yamaluwa. Timayamba chiwembu pamwezi ndi theka titabzala tuber. Florists amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala "Kemira Lux". Ndi oyenera ngati kambewu kakang'ono, maluwa, ndipo amangobzala masamba.

Nthawi zambiri kudyetsa kumadalira kukula kwa duwa ndi chivomezi cha chidebe - pafupifupi 2-3 pa mwezi. Pa nthawi ya maluwa - katatu. Ndikofunika kudyetsa mu nthaka yomwe idakonzedwa kale. Ngati sanagwiritsenso ntchito moyenera, ndiye kuti dothi la oversaturated ndi nitrojeni lidzakupatsani masamba obiriwira ndi maluwa ochepa chabe a maluwa, kapena zomera sizidzatha pachimake.

Kudulira

Pamene nthawi ya maluwa imabwera, zimalimbikitsidwa kuchotsa mosamala masamba oyambirira - izi zimapangitsa syringing kutulutsa maluwa ambiri. Mukatikati mwa maluwa, nthawi yomweyo chotsani mabelu osweka ndi pedicel, kupanga malo atsopano. Pambuyo pa nthawi ya maluwa itatha, ndipo chomeracho chimalowetsa gawoli, ndikofunikira kudula gawo lonse lapansi ndi chida choyera, kusiya tsinde lomwe liri 1-2 cm wamtali. Masabata ena 2-3 ayenera kuthiridwa madzi achitsulo, koma opanda mtundu uliwonse wodyetsa. Mpaka kasupe, muyenera kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso maluwa okhaokha.

Kutentha

Monga tanena, synningia imayamba kuphuka mu March ndipo, pansi pazikhala zabwino, akupitiriza kuchita izi kwa miyezi itatu. Panthawi imeneyi, popanda masoka ndi masewera a nyengo (monga chipale chofewa m'mwezi wa April 2017), ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Pamene chomera chimakhala m'nyengo yochepa, ndibwino kuti mukhale ozizira kwambiri, pafupifupi 10 ° С.

Ndikofunikira! Mapepalawa ndi mtundu wa mayeso omwe amadziwika nawochikhalidwe cha maluwa Ngati amatambasula mmwamba - kutentha kwao ndi kwakukulu, ngati kugwa pansi pamphepete mwa mphika, duwa limakhala lozizira kwambiri.

Chinyezi

Gloxinia sidzalekeretsa chinyezi pa masamba kapena maluwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kupopera mankhwala si koyenera, ndikofunika kuti muzitha kutulutsa mpweya, osati chomera, chifukwa chakuti mpweya wabwino wa 60-80% ndi wofunikira. Choncho, pambali pa mphika, ikani zowonjezera zowonjezera ndi madzi, nthawi zonse muziyeretsa kutsuka m'chipinda.

Kuwaza

Cha kumapeto kwa February, matope a syringium akuwuka. Iyi ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobzala kapena kusindikiza mbewu, ndipo iyi ndi gawo lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazitsamba zamalonda.

Chophika chodzala m'nthaka sichimatengedwa kwambiri. Izi zimachokera ku zenizeni za mizu yomwe ili pambali yonse ya tuber ndikukula m'kati mwake. Kuwotcha ndi mbali yofunikira yokonzekera dothi la mbeu. Ngati mukukonzekera dothi likusakaniza nokha, pitirizani kumbali izi:

• Dziko la sod - magawo awiri;
• peat - magawo awiri;
• mchenga - gawo limodzi.

Kapena njira 2:

• chitsulo chosakaniza ndi masamba a chiwerengero mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1;
• humus, peat ndi mchenga - zonse mu gawo limodzi.

Matenda

Tsoka ilo, kukongola kwabwino kumeneku kumawoneka ndi matenda. Zingathe kusokoneza maonekedwe ake ndipo zimapangitsa kuti zomera zisinthe, komanso zimayambitsa kuthengo. Mavuto aakulu ndi amodzi, ndipo si onse omwe amachiritsidwa. Choncho, mutatha kupeza vuto, ndizodziwikiratu kuti "mupeze" ndikuyamba kulimbana.

Mitundu ya matenda a fungaluni yomwe syncia imagonjetsedwa:

1. Kuwonongeka kochedwa - mdima wakuda pa masamba ndi tsinde, masamba amafota, owuma kapena ovunda. Pafupifupi mankhwala onse. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala m'nthaka mpaka zaka 8. Kuchiza: mankhwala ndi "Fitosporin", koma kupewa kuli kovuta kwambiri.
2. Mame a Mealy - chovala choyera cha powdery kumadera onse a chomera. Chifukwa - chisamaliro cholakwika. Chithandizo: chithandizo cha chomera chokhudzidwa ndi maluwa oyandikana ndi fungicides. Ngati vutoli likuwonjezeka, liyenera kuwonongedwa kwa munda wa maluwa.
3. Downy mildew - kumunsi kwa pepala, mawanga a mawonekedwe a powdery amawoneka, omwe amasintha mtundu wina. Chifukwa - kuphwanya njira za ulimi wothirira komanso zomwe zimasungidwa. Kuchiza: kuchotsedwa kwa masamba okhudzidwa. Njira ina yothandizira ndi mankhwala - Previkur, Topaz, Fundazol kapena fungicides ndizofunika kuti musapangidwe ndi bowa pokonzekera.
4. Anthracnose - madontho aang'ono a bulauni omwe amakhudza mbali zonse za chomera, kuyambira ndi mapepala. Chifukwa chake madzi a mvula amamera. Ngati vutoli likukulirakulira, ndi bwino kuwononga chomeracho. Kuchiza: kupopera mbewu za fungicides, kuchokera nthawi zitatu, nthawi ya masabata 2-3. N'zotheka kuchita njira yopopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mkuwa oxychloride, cuproxate kapena oxyhom.
5. Ascohitosis - mithunzi ya bulauni ndi zomveka bwino. Chifukwa chake ndi kupitirira kwa mlengalenga. Miphika yowonongeka imachotsedwa mwamsanga ndi kutenthedwa. Kuchiza: kupopera mankhwala ndi Bordeaux kusakaniza, mkuwa sulphate, fungicides ("Vectra" kapena "Abig-pic").
6. Septoria - Madontho a dzimbiri pa tsamba la tsamba ndi tsinde. Chifukwa - kuphwanya kachipangizo zamakono (kusowa kuwala ndi chinyezi). Kuchiza: kusintha zikhalidwe za kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphukira, mankhwala ndi mankhwala (fungicide kapena mankhwala amkuwa).
7. Phyllosticosis - mdima wandiweyani ndi bulauni pakati, akuswa tsambalo. Chifukwa chake ndi chinyezi chachikulu. Chithandizo: zitsani chomeracho, chitani ndi mkuwa oxychloride, mkuwa sulphate kapena bordeaux osakaniza.
8. Fusarium - Zowuma, zophimba masamba a bulauni. Kuwombera kumasoka ndipo kumakhala mikwingwirima yamdima. Chifukwa chachikulu ndi nthaka yoipitsidwa, chakudya chokwanira, kuphwanya teknoloji yothirira. Kuchiza: m'malo mwa nthaka, tsambulani tuber mu njira ya manganese yomwe simunayambe yodwala, yambani ndi fungicide.
9. Grey kuvunda - Chomeracho chimakhala chofewa ndipo chimachokera ku tsinde pansi pa tuber. Pa masamba a masambawa bulauni mawanga a mtundu wamadzi ndi imvi nkhungu, tsinde lakuda. Chifukwa chake ndi nthaka yowuma komanso yonyowa kwambiri. Kuchiza: ngati mankhwala opopera mankhwala ("Fundazol" kapena "Rowral") sanapulumutse vutoli, mwinamwake, matendawa amatsogolera ku imfa ya duwa.

Pali mitundu iwiri yambiri ya matenda omwe amabwera mwatsoka panyumba. Izi ndi:

• virose
• ndi bacterioses.

Zoyamba zimafalitsidwa ndi fungal spores kudzera tizilombo. Yang'anani ndi mawanga kumadera onse a chomera, ngati mabala, mawanga, dashes, madontho. Sizingatheke kuchiza, mumangofunika kuchotsa shrub yomwe imakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda popanda kubwezeretsa matenda onse a munda wamaluwa. Kupewa kokha: kubalana kuchokera ku 100%. Pachifukwa chachiwiri, mabakiteriya amalowa m'zinyumba zanu kudzera muzitsulo zosasinthidwa, miphika kapena dothi loipitsidwa. Makhalidwe a zinthu: kukula, mawanga a mucous membrane ya chilengedwe pa mbali zonse za chomera. Ndizosatheka kuchiza, ndipo kuchotsa kokha kachilombo kachilombo kaye ndi kanthawi kochepa. Chotsani chomera chonsecho. Zomwe zingatheke pazimenezi kuti muteteze chitetezo nthawi zonse zimayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala: "Zircon" kapena "Appin".

Sinningia ndi zomera zokongola, makamaka mkati, zimakondweretsa mtima wanu poyamba. Ndimodzichepetsa kwambiri pa chisamaliro, chinthu chovuta kwambiri ndi kupulumutsa tuber pamene maluwa akupumula. Amachulukitsa mosavuta, ali ndi kukongola kodabwitsa kwa gulu la bluebells, kotero kuti ndalama zonse zogwira ntchito zimalipira ndi zokondweretsa zokondweretsa.