Ngakhale akugwira ntchito osinthika nthawi zonse kuti apange mitundu yatsopano ya mphesa, mitundu ina "yakale" ndiyabwino kwambiri kuti olimavinyo safuna kuwasiya. Mitunduyi imaphatikizapo mphesa za Rizamat zochokera ku Uzbekistan. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe okoma okoma oterewa omwe amateurs amachita chilichonse kuti awonjezere ngakhale nyengo ya Russia yomwe siili yoyenera pamitundu yotereyi.
Mbiri yakukula mphesa Rizamat
Mphesa za Rizamat zimachokera ku Uzbekistan dzuwa. Chobereredwa mu 70s cha zaka zapitazi ndi asayansi a nthambi ya Samarkand ya Research Institute of Horticulture ndi Viticulture. R.R. Schroeder. Olemba mitunduyi ndi R.V. Ogienko, K.V. Smirnov ndi A.F. Gerasimov, yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphesa za Uzbek Kattakurgan ndi Parkentsky posankha. Mitundu yatsopanoyi idatchuka polemekeza msungichuma wa Rizamat Musamuhamedov. Atadutsa mayeso osiyanasiyana am'boma, adalimbikitsidwa kuti azilimidwa kudera lonse la Uzbekistan, Georgia ndi Turkmenistan. Chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kopatsa chidwi, zipatso komanso mawonekedwe abwino, zadziwika ku Kazakhstan, Russia ndi Ukraine, komwe zimakula bwino kum'mwera, ngakhale zimatha kukhazikika bwino mumsewu wapakati pakupanga nyengo yabwino.
Rizamat mphesa pavidiyo
Rizamat imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira mitundu yatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, pamaziko ake mitundu ya Rizamat khola, Rizamat wopanda, Rizamat wachisomo (wakuda) idadulidwa. Ngakhale zabwino zina (kukana kwambiri chisanu, kukana matenda), ma hybrids onse ndi otsika kwambiri polawa mitundu yoyambirira.
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Rizamat ndi mtundu wamphesa wamafuta ndipo umaonedwa kuti ndi mphesa zoyambirira kumudzi kwawo (nyengo yokulira masiku 135-140 pa kutentha kwathunthu kwa 2800-3000 zaC) Mu nyengo ya Russia, nthawi yakucha ndiyowonjezereka - khumi yachiwiri ya Seputembala.
Mabasi ali ndi kukula kwapakatikati. Mphukira ndi zazitali, zofiirira zopanda maonekedwe, zazing'ono, zazitali masamba. Cholowani bwino. Maluwa amakhala amitundu iwiri, kotero mitunduyi imatha kubzala popanda mungu wopopera.
Maluwa a Rizamat amayamba kuphukira mu theka loyamba la Meyi (pafupi mwezi umodzi kuposa ku Uzbekistan), maluwa akuyamba kumapeto kwa June - koyambirira kwa Julayi. Zipatso zimayamba kukhwima mu theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti, zimatha kudyedwa mwatsopano mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu cha Seputembala.
Maburashi akuluakulu a pinki akuda amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri
Rizamat imakhala yayikulu, yopanga nthambi, mpaka kutalika kwa 17-18 cm.Uchulukane kwa manja ndi pafupifupi, misa ndi 500-550 g (imatha kufika 800-1000 g, nthawi zina mpaka 3 kg). Ma cylindrical mawonekedwe a zipatso ndi akulu kwambiri: kutalika kwa 8-10 mm, m'lifupi 19-20 mm, pakati kulemera kwa 6.2 g, koma amatha kufikira g 14. Khungu loonda la pinki lophimbidwa ndi utoto wosalala kwambiri, mbiya ya zipatso mutakhwima bwino "blush" wowala. Guwa limakhala lokhazikika, losasinthika. Beri aliyense ali ndi mbewu zazing'onoting'ono 2-3.
Zipatsozo zimakhala zazikulu kukula mwachilendo, koma nthawi yomweyo pamanja pamatha kukhala kunyema kwa zipatso
Kununkhirako ndikosangalatsa kwambiri, kulandira miyeso yayitali kwambiri (mfundo za 9.1). Palibe zonunkhira zachilendo. Kuyanjana kwa kukoma kumalongosoledwa ndikuti shuga yayikulu kwambiri (20%) imakhala yofanana ndi asidi okwanira (4.5-5 g / l).
Makhalidwe Osiyanasiyana
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti Rizamat amalandila masitepe apamwamba kuchokera kwa akatswiri - ali ndi zabwino zosaneneka:
- kukongola kwapamwamba, mawonekedwe abwino;
- zokolola zambiri (20-30 makilogalamu kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi, ndi chisamaliro chabwino, chitsamba cha zaka 15 mpaka 20 chimatha kupereka 70 kg).
Okonda omwe amalima Rizamat amakhulupirira kuti zabwinozi zimathetseratu zolakwika za mitundu, zomwe, mwatsoka, ndizambiri:
- kukana kuzizira kwambiri (mpaka -17 ... -18 zaC) ofunika kukakamiza tchire nyengo yachisanu;
- chiwopsezo cha matenda a oidium;
- zipatso zosokerera mumvula yamvula nthawi yamapsa:
- chizolowezi cha pee zipatso;
- kuphatikiza koyipa ndi masheya;
- kufunafuna chisamaliro.
Kutenga ndi kusamalira
Malamulo obzala mphesa za Rizamat kwenikweni siosiyana ndi mitundu ina. Ndikofunika kubzala mphesa iyi mchaka, kuti ikakhwime pofika nthawi yozizira. Ndikabzala nthawi yophukira, pamakhala ngozi yoti mbande yaing'onoting'ono kwambiri yosungidwa ndi chisanu idzafa nthawi yoyamba chisanu.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya Rizamat, ndizosatheka kufalitsa katemera. Njira yayikulu yoberekera kubzala ndi mizu.
Mphesa zamphesa zimapereka mizu munthaka yonyowa
Ndikosavuta kukula mbande nokha. Kuti muchite izi, odulidwa ndi impso za 4-5 amayikidwa ndikudula m'madzi ndikudikirira kuti mizu yoyera iwonekere. M'malo mwa madzi, mutha kutenga botolo la pulasitiki lomwe limadula pamwamba, lodzazidwa ndi dothi lonyowa. Kumera kwa zodula kumayambira khumi zoyambirira za February ndipo mbande zomalizidwa zimapezeka nthawi yodzala - khumi oyamba a Meyi.
Mphesa zimaberekana bwino pokhazikika. Zomwe tidakumana nazo pakukula mphesa zikuwonetsa kuti ndikokwanira kusankha mpesa wopangidwa bwino ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 1-1,5 masentimita, kukumba mu dothi lonyowa ndikusindikiza (mwachitsanzo, njerwa 2-3). Muyenera kuthirira magawo nthawi zonse - mapangidwe a mizu zimatengera izi. Chinthu chachikulu - musathamangire kupatutsa magawo ku chitsamba. Wolemba adalakwitsa, chifukwa, chomeracho chidakhala chofooka ndipo zimafuna pafupifupi zaka zina ziwiri kuthilira kwambiri ndi chisamaliro chokwanira.
Kukula mphesa Rizamat - kanema
Kuti mubzale Rizamat, muyenera kusankha malo owala kwambiri pamalowo. Nthaka zabwino chonde, lotayirira. Ndi zoletsedwa kubzala mphesa m'malo okhala ndi madzi apansi panthaka. Mtunda pakati pa tchire uyenera kukhala wosachepera 3 m.
Musanabzala, muyenera kukonzekera dzenje ndi mulifupi ndi kuya kwa masentimita 80. Pansi pansi pamakutidwa ndi njerwa yosweka kapena mwala wosweka (5-6 cm). Kenako, pafupifupi theka la dzenjelo limadzaza dothi losakanizika ndi kompositi ndi feteleza wocheperako wa phosphorous-potaziyamu (mwachitsanzo, mutha kudziyika malire mpaka 20-30 g ya superphosphate). Dothi (7-8 cm) limathiridwa pamwambapa kuteteza mizu. Ndikofunika kusiya dzenje lokwanira masiku 10-15.
Mukabzala mphesa m'dzenje, muyenera kuyala ngalande
Mmera wamphesa umayikidwa mu dzenje mosamala kwambiri, popeza mizu yaying'ono imatha kuthyoka mosavuta. Dzenje limakutidwa ndi dothi lachonde, lopangidwa pompopompo, madzi ampumulo amapangidwa, ndipo ndowa ziwiri zamadzi zimatsanuliramo.
Kubzala mphesa masika - kanema
Malamulo okula mphesa Rizamat
Rizamat siwofatsa, m'malo mwake, amafunikira chisamaliro choyenera. Kuthirira kosakwanira, chisamaliro chosayenera ndi katundu wambiri zimapangitsa kutsika kwa zipatso ndi kusupuka.
Kudula ndi kupanga chitsamba
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika pakukula chitsamba chodulira. Kudulira koyenera kumapereka mpweya wabwino kuthengo komanso kumachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Kudulira mipesa mu kasupe ndi yophukira. Chizindikiro cha Rizamat ndizobala zipatso zochepa zam'munsi, motero, kuti mupeze mbewu yabwino, pamafunika mbewu yayitali (10-15 ocelli).
Osachulukitsa: Rizamat samamukonda. Katundu wonse pachitsamba uzikhala ndi maso 3540.
Nsonga za mphukira siziyenera kukhomedwa, apo ayi masamba ogona angadzuke ndipo zokolola za chaka chamawa zitha. Stepsons kutsina pama sheet 1-2.
Rizamat imafunikira mapangidwe akulu. zosankha zoyenera kwambiri ndi arch, trellis yayitali yokhala ndi visor kapena warp (yopingasa trellis system).
Zothandizira mphesa - chithunzi
- A trellis okhala ndi visor amalola mapangidwe ataliitali, otheka kulowa mpweya wabwino
- Zingwe ndizoyenera kupanga mphesa zomwe zimamera pafupi ndi nyumba
- Voish ndi kachitidwe ka mizere yopingasa momwe mphete "fan" imakhalapo
Muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mipesa imatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta pazomwe zimakhalira nthawi yozizira.
Mu nthawi yophukira, mipesa imadulidwa, kuchotsa gawo losapsa la mphukira ndi nthambi zake. Kenako mipesayo imasulidwa kumipikisano, yokhazikika pansi, yomangidwa palimodzi ndikukulungidwa ndi zinthu zoumba. Rizamat wokonda kutentha sangakhale ndi filimu yokwanira yekha, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuti muziphimba mu zigawo zingapo: udzu, kanema komanso wosanjikiza lapansi.
Atakulungidwa ndi zojambulazo kapena zovala zamafuta, mphesa zimakonkhedwa mbali ndi dziko lapansi
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa
Rizamat amakonda chinyezi, amafunika kuthiriridwa nthawi 4-5 pa nyengo: kumayambiriro kwa kuphuka, kumayambiriro kwamaluwa, pakumera kwa chizimba, mutakolola. Kuthirira uku kumachitika pa mulingo wa malita 40-50 pa chitsamba chachikulu chilichonse, madzi okhazikika. Ndikofunika kuperekera madzi kuthilira mizere ndi kuya kwa 20-25 masentimita, kuyikidwa pa mtunda wa 0.5-0.7 mamita kuchokera pa tsinde. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothirira madzi osefukira, kuperekera madzi pafupipafupi.
Ngati nyengo yayamba kugwa, kumapeto kwa Okutobala - kumayambiriro kwa Novembala, kuthirira kumachitika pa mulingo wa malilogalamu 150-200 pachitsamba chilichonse cholipira nthaka ndi chinyezi: izi zimathandiza kuti nyengo ya mizu isakhazikike.
Ndikofunikira kuphatikiza kuvala kwapamwamba ndi kuthirira. Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika ndi nayitrogeni masiku 6-7 asanafike maluwa. Ma nitrogen akuphatikizidwa amapezeka mu zochuluka zokwanira feteleza wachilengedwe. Pa chitsamba chimodzi champhesa, ndikokwanira kubereka makilogalamu awiri ndi 2,5 kapena manyowa 50-55 g mu ndowa zamadzi. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mchere - 60-65 g wa nitrophosphate ndi 5 g wa boric acid pa 10 l yamadzi.
Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba chimachitika masiku 12-15 asanapangidwe chipatso. Mapangidwe a zipatso amaperekedwa ndi potaziyamu, kotero 10 g ya potaziyamu magnesia imasungunuka mumtsuko wamadzi odyetsa. Mutha kuwonjezera 20 g ya ammonium nitrate. Kudyetsa kwachitatu kumachitika masiku 8-10 pambuyo pa yachiwiri, ndi feteleza yemweyo.
Kudyetsa mphesa - kanema
Chovala chachinayi chapamwamba chimachitika masabata awiri musanakolole ndi superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate (20 g iliyonse).
Mphesa ndizofunikanso kovala foliar, kuphatikizapo zinthu zina. Ena omwe amapanga viniga amalimbikitsa kuti asakanikize ayodini, mkuwa wamkuwa, kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni ndi boric acid. Kuthira manyowa ndi mawonekedwe oterowo sikuti kumangokhutitsa mbewuyo ndi michere, komanso kumateteza ku matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi.
Kuteteza matenda ndi tizilombo
Rizamat ndi bwino kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda a fungal - khansa ndi oidium. Popewa matenda amenewa, choyamba ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wabwino uthengawo, kuchotsa mphukira ndi masamba owonjezera. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala othandizira okhala ndi fungicides (mwachitsanzo, Dnok) ayenera kuchitika nthawi 5-7 pachaka.
Kukonza mphesa ku Oidium - kanema
Mutha kukonzekera chida chokonzera ndi manja anu: msuzi wa ISO wakonzedwa kuchokera ku laimu ndi sulufule. Sulufufufufufuti pansi, sodium ya mchere ndi madzi (2: 1: 17) amasakanikirana ndikuwuphika kwa mphindi 60 pa moto wochepa, ndikuwonjezera madzi koyambira koyamba. Njira yothetsera, yokakamizidwa m'mabotolo, imatha kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. ISO imapereka gawo labwino polimbana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus ndipo ndiotetezeka kwa nyama yamagazi ofunda.
Kuyambira mavu ndi mbalame, mphesa zimakutidwa ndi maukonde kapena kumangiriza burashi iliyonse ndi thumba la gauze.
Kututa, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu
Kututa Rizamata m'madera osiyanasiyana kukhwima nthawi zosiyanasiyana (kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Seputembala). Choyamba, mabulashi omwe ali kumapeto kwa mphukira okhwima, kenako pafupi ndi tsinde la chitsamba.
Pakugwiritsa ntchito patebulo, muyenera kudula mphesa zokhwima nthawi yomweyo, kupewa kuthana ndi zitsamba zambiri. Kupanga zoumba, m'malo mwake, ndikulimbikitsidwa kusiya mphesa zakupsa zakulendewera milungu ina itatu. Zoumba zouma ndi zapamwamba kwambiri, ndizokoma komanso zowoneka bwino.
Rizamat imatulutsa zoumba zoumba zokongola ndi zokoma
Mutha kusunga mphesa zatsopano m'chipinda choziziramo kapena mufiriji kwa pafupifupi milungu iwiri.
Ndemanga zamaluwa
Ndili ndi baka 8 za Rizamat m'munda wamphesa. Zosiyanasiyana ndizopatsa zomwe zimatsutsana. Ndipo matenda atha kugonjetsedwa. Koma ndingapeze kuti vuto lake lakugwa mvula? Mosakayikira, ndikadatha kuchotsa malingaliro abwino mvula isanabwere, sindinakhale ndi nthawi yoyamba mvula yamkuntho yoyamba,% 60-70 zipatso mosangalala, amamwetulira mwamwiniyo ndikulankhula kwathunthu (kuphulika). Ming'alu nthawi yomweyo imayamba kuumba. Malingaliro anga ndi osiyanasiyana pamtunda wouma, wopanda kusiyana kwa chinyezi pakucha. Tsopano ndikuyang'ana m'malo mwa izi, ndisiyira chitsamba 1 kuti ndikutolere.
IgorF, dera la Volgograd//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=241324
Rizamat yanga idaphulikanso mvula yoyamba (mvula). M'nyengo yonse yachisanu kunalibe mvula, ndipo mvula yoyamba itagwa, Rizamat yonse inang'ambika (((Chabwino, osachepera, tinakwanitsa kudula gulu limodzi ndikapita kwa god god kumudzi. Rizamat adapanga chidwi chachikulu!
Vadim kuchokera ku Rostov//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=241324
Kuchokera pa zomwe ndakumana nazo, Rizamat adakula kale mchaka cha 2 pambuyo 10 masamba. M'mbuyomu, adadula mwachidule (wafupikitsa) ndipo sanabale zipatso. Chaka chatha ndidawerenga kuti chepetsa chachitali chikufunika - ndipo zonse zidakwaniritsidwa. Tchire langa lili ndi malaya azitali kwambiri, amuna anga amalikoka padenga la bafa kuti adzitetezere ku dzuwa, mphukira zopatsa zipatso zimayamba pambuyo pa 1.5 metres ya malaya komanso ndizitali (kusiya masamba 12). Iye (Rizamat) adakonda izi. Ndinkawotcha popanda nyumba (kutalika koteroko ndikosatheka kuyala ndikuphimba mwachizolowezi), ndinangotsitsa chilichonse ndikuzigwetsa pansi pansi pa khoma la konkire. Palibe kuzizira, mipesa yonse idadzuka. Kuchotsedwa chaka chatha mpaka Seputembara 20-25. Zipatso za zipatso ziwiri: 5 Panalibe kufewetsa zamkati. Zokoma kwambiri! Zowoneka bwino komanso zachiwawa! Ndipo ndi zokongola bwanji !!!!
Elena Bocharova, Kazakhstan//lozavrn.ru/index.php?topic=412.60
"Rizamat" imakula pa gazebo yanga, ndipo monga a Valery Dmitriyevich aku Belorechensk ananenera, imakhala ndi mipope yothirira ndi nyanga. Nyanga iliyonse - mphukira imodzi yobala zipatso, zotsalazo zimasweka. A Stepsons amachoka, kusiya pepala limodzi. Sinditsina. Nyanga zili mtunda wa 35 - 40cm kuchokera kunzake. Nyengo yathu ili kotentha kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, mpaka-35, ndipo nthawi yotentha, kutentha kumatha kufika +50 ndi mchira. Chifukwa chake, kutengera kutentha, ndimayamba kuthilira. "Rizamat" wakucha mosiyanasiyana. Choyamba pamtunda wapaulendo, kenako pakati pa chitsamba. Ndipo kuthirira kochepa sikukhudza kwambiri kucha kwa zipatso patsamba langa. Izi sizikugwira ntchito kwa "Rizamat" zokha, komanso mitundu ina.
Selchanin, Dera la Rostov//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=68440
Mawonekedwe a mabulosi amatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera kumtunda kupita kumtunda. Kuposa kamodzi ndinayenera kuwona mawonekedwe ndi enawo pachitsamba chimodzi. Ponena za kukhwima, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimasuntha chizindikirochi panjira ina. M'dera lathu, magulu oyamba ayamba kudula kuyambira pa Ogasiti 15 mpaka 20. Zikuwonekeratu kuti zomwe zikuchitika pakadali pano sizabwino, koma msika umalamulira momwe zinthu zilili. Zabwino, pofika koyambirira kwa Seputembala - kwambiri Zomwe !!! (ngati mpheta ndi mavu samamaliza)
S. Sergey. A., Zaporizhzhya dera.//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=68440
Mphesa za Rizamat zidzafunika kuyesetsa kuchokera kwa eni ake kuti apeze zokolola zabwino. Koma ndiukadaulo woyenera waulimi, kuchuluka kwake komanso mtundu wa mbewuwo zimaposa zina, mitundu yozizira.
