Pakati pa zomera zonse zomwe zimadziwika ndi munthu, basil ali ndi malo apadera. Dzina lake - Ocimum basilicum, kapena Royal Scent - amalankhula motere: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya basil ili ndi mafuta ofunikira, phytoncides, saponin ndipo amakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino ndi zonunkhira.
Mukudziwa? Basil wamba (Ulaya kapena Mediterranean) wakhala akulimidwa kwa zaka zoposa 2500. Dziko lakwawo ndi India ndi Iran. Basil anabweretsedwa ku Ulaya ndi ankhondo a Alexander Wamkulu. Ku Western Europe, idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 16, ku Russia - kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 18. Poyamba ankalimidwa ngati chomera chamankhwala (ngakhale kale, anthu ankawona zotsutsana ndi zotupa, zamatenda, ndi tonic).
Zolemba zamakono zimaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 150 ya basil, yomwe imasiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wa masamba, fungo ndi msinkhu wa tsinde.
Mmene mungasiyanitse ndi masamba a tsamba
Mtundu wa basil ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe pali mitundu iwiri yofunikira: zobiriwira ndi zofiirira Kujambula masamba ndi mapesi. Mitundu iyi yoyamba inali maziko a ntchito yowonjezera.
Chomera chobiriwira
Basil wobiriwira (dzina lakale ndi lokoma pansi) lakhala likudziwikiratu mu Mediterranean Europe (mosiyanasiyana limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbale zosiyanasiyana). Zophika zimayamikira kwambiri kukoma mtima kwa fungo lake ndi kukoma kwake. Mitundu ya mitundu yobiriwira imasiyana (kuchokera ku saladi yofiira mpaka kumdima wakuda)
- Mtundu wa Genoese (kapena wa Chiitaliya) - uli ndi fungo lamphamvu kwambiri, umapangitsa kukoma. Zosiyanasiyanazi ndizoyenera kukhala ndi chophatikiza cha msuzi wotchuka wa pesto. Amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe atsopano komanso owuma monga zonunkhira saladi. Amakula bwino mumiphika ya mkati.
- Evenil Basil ndi thermophilic (wochokera ku South Africa). Masamba akulu ali ndi fungo lopweteka (timbewu ta timbewu timaphatikizapo timadzi timene timayika, cloves ndi tsabola). Kukumana - ndi kuwawa pang'ono. Ikhoza kukula mpaka 1 mamita. Wotchuka monga zokometsera za supu, nyama mbale. Kawirikawiri amawonjezera kukonzekera kwa marinades, kupanikizana ndi kupanikizana.
- Broadleaf pansi - masamba ambiri okoma (kuchokera ku chitsamba mpaka 250 g) ali ndi fungo lokoma la mafuta onse, makamaka olemera mafuta ofunikira. Zosiyanasiyanazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga saladi ndi kuwonjezera pa marinades.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati sizingatheke kuchepetsa mchere watsopano, ukhoza kuthira mchere - fungo komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo sizingakhudzidwe.
Basil wofiira
Basil wofiira imakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu komanso kukoma, ili ndi 1.5-2 nthawi zambiri mafuta onunkhira kuposa obiriwira. Ndizozoloŵera kwa Front ndi South Asia (kuyambira pakati pa zaka makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi (700) zikufalikira ku Ulaya ndi America). Basil ya mandimu nthawi zambiri amadya ngati mafuta, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mbale zosiyanasiyana. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (Basal basilicum, Ararat wofiirira) - amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Chomeracho chili ndi phokoso losangalatsa la tsabola. Maphunziro a msinkhu - kuyambira 30 mpaka 60 cm. Wodzichepetsa kwambiri. Yokonzera kukula kwa mkati. Gwiritsani ntchito mwatsopano komanso wouma pokonzekera saladi, marinades kuti muzisamalira masamba.
- Yerevan Basil ndi wachiwiri wotchuka komanso wamba. Pakuti nyengo imapereka 2 - 3 kukolola. Ili ndi kukoma kwake (kulawa tiyi ndi allspice). Makamaka bwino amapereka kukoma mu supu, saladi, nyama ndi nsomba mbale, sauces. Mbalame ya Bright yonyezimira imakongoletsa flowerbeds bwino.
- Basil Dark Opal (red basil) - anabadwira m'ma 1950s. ku USA. Wotchuka padziko lonse chifukwa cha fungo lake la tsabola ndi lava. Masamba atsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga saladi, zouma - kuphatikizapo kupanga zokometsera zosakaniza, mafuta oledzera, viniga. Zimakula bwino miphika.
- Tulasi (Basal Woyera) - amasiyana ndi zonunkhira za perechno-clove, kulawa ndi kuwawa. Chitsamba chosakaniza ndi chodziwika kwambiri ku India, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika mbale zokometsera zokhazokha, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa miyambo.
- Basil Osmin - zokometsera ndi zokongola chomera. Kwawo - India. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera saladi, marinade osakaniza. Wotentha, wokhazikika m'miphika.
Ndikofunikira! Ambiri amtengo wapatali amaunjikira mu tchalitchi kumapeto kwa nyengo (nthawi ya kukula kwa zomera), ascorbic acid - ndi maonekedwe a peduncles.
Chikhalidwe cha basil ndi fungo
Njira ina yosankhira mitundu ya basil ndi fungo lokoma. Zophikira zofunikira za basil zosiyanasiyana zimadalira kukoma kwake. Choncho, basil ndi fungo la cloves, tsabola, mandimu ndizoyenera kudya nyama, nyerere kapena masamba.
Chovala
Pakati pa mitundu ndi clove fungo ndi clove, basil, Clove Aroma, Spring maganizo, Dark nkhope, Red Rubin, Stella, Kuyerekeza, Mdima usiku.
- Chophimba chophimba - masamba ang'onoang'ono obiriwira amapanga chitsamba chodala (kutalika - 60 cm). Zokonzeka kulima kuzungulira kumudzi kunyumba miphika.
- Basil Clove Aroma - apakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mphamvu ya fungo imatha kubwezeretsa cloves pamene pickling ndi salting. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya ndi sauces kuti azidya nyama ndi nsomba. Kutalika - mpaka 25 masentimita, bwino kuti pakhale kukula.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu yosiyana imayitanitsa chomera ichi mosiyana: munda wa basil, masharubu a paka, oximon, rean, rayon, basilio, tulsi, chimanga chofiira, etc. Pali zizindikiro ndi zikhulupiriro zambiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi izi: Ahindu, chomera chopatulika chimenechi ndi malo a mulungu wamkazi Tulpi , Aselotti - chizindikiro cha ukwati, Aroma akale ankawoneka ngati chizindikiro cha kupambana, Akatolika - chizindikiro cha mgonero woyera, mu Provence, basil ankatchedwa misonzi ya Namwali, mu nthawi ya kusaka ulosi wamasiku ano iwo ankawona kuti zonunkhira izi ndi "udzu wa mfiti."
Peppermint
Mitundu yabwino ya basil ndi fungo lofanana - Marquis, Basilisk, Dreamer.
- Basilisk ndi yosiyana (kuyambira 15 cm) ndi masamba ofewa ochepa. Zimakula bwino mumiphika ndi kutseguka. Kuphika ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
- Marquis - masamba obiriwira (kutalika - masentimita 25), amakula bwino mumiphika m'malo am'chipindamo, pazenera. Unyinji wa chomera chimodzi ndi 150 g.
Pepper
Mafuta a peppery amasiyanitsidwa ndi camphor Basil, Magic ya Kummawa, Aramis, Orion, Rosie, Ruby, Compatto, Osmin, Ruby Cairo, ndi zina.
- Camphor basil (myatolidae) - amadziwika kuti tartness ndi saltiness, tsabola wofewa. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu yofala kwambiri. Msinkhu 55 - 70 masentimita. Ndibwino kuti mukusamalira nyama, tchizi, pasitala, nsomba.
- Ruby Cairo - mitundu yofiira ndi yofiira ndi zokoma zokometsera tsabola. Kukoma ndikutentha pang'ono. Pamene zouma zimasungidwa. Kutalika 25 - 30 cm Zingakulire miphika ndi miphika.
Lemon
Zina mwa mitundu ndi mandimu kukoma - Lemon Basil, Moscow Bogatyr, Spark, Novelty, Lemon Aroma, ndi zina zotero.
- Basil Lemon Aroma - ndi imodzi mwa zokoma kwambiri. Semi-bushy chitsamba chimabweretsa 250 g ya kuwala kobiriwira masamba. Mavitchi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera kukoma ndi kukongoletsa zakudya, mavitamini, mousses, saladi ndi zakumwa.
- Mchere wa mandimu - tsamba laling'ono (kutalika - 35 masentimita) ndi kukoma kwa mandimu ndi fungo la camphor. Amapatsa mbale zazikulu, saladi ndi mchere wobiriwira.
Caramel
Fungo la caramel limatchulidwa mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Red Rubin Nem Zaden, Caramel, Lyubimchik, ndi zina zotero.
- Red Rubin Nem Zaden - wobadwira ku Holland, ali ndi fungo losavuta la zipatso caramel. Chitsamba chimapatsa 300 g. Iwo amakometsera zakumwa, vinyo wamitengo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera saladi, pickles. Kuwonjezera pa mwatsopano ndi zouma, mungagwiritse ntchito basel.
- Caramel - oyambirira kutsekemera kwambiri ndi zipatso zosawerengeka ndi fungo la caramel. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuphika monga wothandizira.
Mukudziwa? Pochita mafuta a camphor, chofunika kwambiri ndi masamba a masamba. Ntchito yotchedwa vanillin basil ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale Evenol.
Marinade
Basil ankakonda kupanga marinades ndi mitundu yambiri ya masamba ndi mitundu (Basilisk, Flave Flavor, broadleaf, Evenol, Greek). Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Ruby Cairo. Palinso mitundu yodulidwa yokhala ndi marinades.
- Woyesera ndi maluwa obiriwira omwe ali ndi masamba obiriwira komanso obiriwira. Pamene kumalongeza ndi kuyamwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano ndi zouma.
Aniseed
Zina mwazidziwitso za anise zimadziwika - Anise Basil, Gourmet Anise, Anise Kukondwera, Anise Kuperewera kwa zakudya, etc.
- Anise basil ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yokoma. Iwo ali silvery masamba ndi zofiirira zimayambira ndi inflorescences. Amamera bwino bwino m'miphika ya mkati ndi m'munda. M'munda mwamsanga umachulukitsa ndi kuperetsa namsongole.
Peppermint
Mtsogoleri wotchuka kwambiri wa kukoma uku ndi Greek basil:
- Greek Basil - Basil wokoma kwambiri, wotchuka padziko lonse chifukwa cha kukoma kwake ndi peppermint kukoma. Mitengo (kutalika - masentimita 15) ili ndi mawonekedwe a mpira wa masamba ang'onoang'ono. Wakula bwino miphika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Mediterranean zakudya (saladi, marinades, tomato sauces, etc.)
Ndikofunikira! Basil amatha kukolola bwino chaka chonse muzikhala pazenera pawindo. Chofunikira - mphika uyenera kukhala ceramic.
Menthol
Woimira wamkulu wa menthol kukoma ndi Basil Velvet.
- Velvet - ndi masamba obiriwira okwana masentimita 8, kutalika - 25-30 masentimita. Kutsekemera, vinyo wosasa ndi mafuta, zakumwa, zouma komanso zouma. Ili ndi katundu wa tonic.
Vanilla
Mitundu imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chipinda.
- Mafuta a vanilla - wamtali wosiyanasiyana. Masamba obiriwira (ali aang'ono - wobiriwira, atapaka - wofiira) ali ndi vinyo wokoma kwambiri. Zabwino zowonjezereka zimakula m'mikhalidwe ya chipinda. Amatumikira monga chakudya chowonjezera mu confectionery.
Mukudziwa? Basil ndi afrodosiak yabwino, yowunika nthawi: ku Roma ankakhulupirira kuti imachiritsa onse awiri pogonana. Basil amathandiza kupumula ndipo panthawi yomweyo amawonjezera mphamvu.
Kodi zomera zimagawidwa bwanji ndi kutalika kwake?
Mfundo yotsatirayi ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbeu - chomera msinkhu: wamfupi, wautali wamtali ndi wamtali. Malingana ndi kupezeka kwa malo omasuka, mungathe kusankha chomwe chingabzalidwe bwino.
Mwachidziwitso
Mitengo yochepa yomwe imakula kuchokera pa masentimita 15 mpaka masentimita 30. Iyo ili yoyenera kubereketsa mchere m'chipinda chamkati chaka chonse (pogwiritsira ntchito nyali yapadera). Mitundu yotereyi ikuphatikizapo Basilisk (zosiyana kwambiri), Troll, ndi zina zotero.
Basil
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya basil ndi yapakatikati - kuyambira 30 mpaka 60 masentimita: Basil ndi sinamoni, wofiirira, Wodabwitsa, Wosakhwima oyambirira, ndi zina zotero.
Mitundu yaitali
Mitundu yaitali ya basil - kuyambira 60 cm mpaka 85 masentimita: Clove gourmet (yaikulu kwambiri zosiyanasiyana), chimphona cha Russian, Royal blood, Cairo Ruby, ndi zina zotero.
Ndikofunikira! Basil samaikidwa mu mbale ndi bowa: zokonda zawo sizimagwirizanitsidwa ndi "kukongoletsedwa".
