Pulodubovik, kapena bowa la dubovik, ndi mitundu yosawerengeka yomwe imakula pokhapokha pazifukwa zina. Kumene mungakolole bowa wotere, momwe amawonekera, momwe angatsukitsire subdub ndikukonzekera chakudya chokoma - tiyeni tiwone.
Kudya kapena ayi
Bowa uwu wa borovik genus ndilo gulu la bowa zomwe zimadya. Izi zikutanthauza kuti bowa amadyera pamene akuphika - mu zofiira zomwezo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito: Ikhoza kuyambitsa kuledzera kwa thupi. Bowa la Dubovik lili ndi zinthu zoopsa zomwe zimawonongeka ndi mankhwala otentha.
Pezani omwe akuimira borovik alidye ndi osadalirika.
Maonekedwe
Dzina lodziwika bwino la poddubovik analandira chifukwa cha malo omwe akugawidwa - bowawa amakula makamaka pafupi ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali. Malingana ndi deta yapansi ndi ofanana ndi bowa woyera. 
Hat
Ikhoza kufika kukula kwakukulu (mpaka 23 cm mwake). Mtundu umasiyanasiyana ndi wobiriwira wofiira mpaka wofiira kwambiri ndi bulauni. Mbali yodabwitsa ya poddubovik - mukamalemba pa kapu palizing'ono zobiriwira zomwe zimadutsa ndi nthawi. Maonekedwe a kapu ndi ofanana: malo ozungulira, akhoza kukhala ndi hillock pakati pa kapu, ndipo mwinamwake, mosiyana, mokwanira. Nthaŵi zina pali kapu, kuzungulira kumapeto konse, kukuphimba mwendo, ngati kapu. Pogwiritsa ntchito chinyezi, chipewa cha chithunzichi chimakhala chochepetsetsa komanso chokhazikika, chokwiya pang'ono. 
Mwendo
Malingana ndi kukula kwa kapu, imatha kufika 20 cm mu msinkhu. Msola uli wamphamvu, wakuda, wofanana ndi mace. Mtundu wa miyendo imasiyananso ndi azitona kupita ku bulauni zakuya. Pakati pa kutalika konse, pali maonekedwe omwe maonekedwe ofiira ofiira amaonekera. Mukamayika pamlingo mukhoza kukhala ndi mabala a bluu.
Mukudziwa? M'madera ena, dubovik amatchedwa "bowa buluu" kapena "kuvulazidwa" - adatchulidwa dzina loti dzina lake chifukwa chakuti ali ndi mphamvu yokhala ndi ubweya wabuluu pamene akukumana ndi mpweya.
Pulp
Podubovik zamkati nthawi zonse amakhala achikasu, pamene kukhudzana ndi mlengalenga kumakhala kasupe ka bluish. Kukoma ndi kununkhira mu mawonekedwe opangidwa sizitchulidwa, palibe kulemera kapena fungo labwino. Ili ndi maonekedwe a minofu. 
Spore powder
Ma spores a poddubovika nthawizonse amatchulidwa, kukula kwa 10-17h5.2-6.2 mm. Mtundu wa ufa uli wosiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku azitona ndi wobiriwira wobiriwira kuti ukhale wofiirira ndi wofiira.
Masamba Awiri
Dubovik ali ndi kufanana kwakukulu ndi bowa woyera - ali ofanana osati maonekedwe ofanana, komanso nthawi yosasitsa: kutha kumayambiriro kwa seveni. 
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa poddubovik ndi bowa zoyera ndizoti zikhombedwe ndi magulu a buluu pamene zinkakanikizidwa kapena zokhudzana ndi mlengalenga, komanso chikhalidwe cha mesh mwendo.
Phunzirani zambiri za bowa woyera: mitundu, katundu, kukolola (kuzizira); komanso za zomwe bowa zimakula mu Meyi.
Ngati mukulakwitsa ndikusungira bowa woyera m'malo mwa poddubovik, sipadzakhala kuvulaza: bowa woyera sizodyetsa komanso sizingawonongeke, komabe ali ndi kukoma kokoma, zomwe sitinganene bowa la satana - owopsa ndi owopsa. 
Zimasiyanasiyana ndi dubovik ndi mwendo wambiri, kusowa kwa mesh mtundu wake, fungo losasangalatsa ndi kapu: kuchokera ku zoyera mpaka ku azitona. Kawirikawiri bowa la satana limakula ndi dubovik - limapanga pafupi ndi mtengo wa thundu, beech, mabokosi, ndi linden, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu asokonezeke ndi boletus.
Ndikofunikira! Bowa la Satana m'mayiko ena limaonedwa ngati likudya, koma limadziwika kuti poizoni amatha kuchititsa kuti anthu azikhala osakaniza. Ngati muli ndi kukayikira ndipo simungadziwe mitundu ina yomwe ili patsogolo panu ndi bowa la dubovik kapena satanic, ndibwino kuti musadule zitsanzo zotere kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chithunzithunzi cha bowa chodziwika bwino.
Enanso poddubovika kawiri ndi edible chikasu cha chikasu - Bowa, wamba m'nkhalango za kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kuchokera ku dubovik ndi mtundu wa kapu ndi mwendo: ndi wachikasu kapena lalanje-chikasu, chomwe chinapatsa dzina kutero.
Kumene ndi nthawi yosonkhanitsa
Dubovik imapangidwa ndipo imatuluka m'nyengo yotentha - kuyambira m'ma June mpaka kumayambiriro kwa September. Kugawidwa mumtengo wamtengo wapatali wa oak ku Ulaya, umapezeka ku Siberia ndi ku Far East. Zitha kukula osati pafupi ndi mitengo ya oak, komanso pafupi ndi birch, beech, mabokosi. Pofuna dothi la calcareous, khalidwe la mlengalenga limasankhenso: malo osungira malo samayandikira pafupi ndi malo owonongeka kapena pafupi ndi misewu. Chimodzi mwa zikhalidwe za kukula ndikutali kokwanira kwa dzuwa. Nthawi zina zimapezeka m'madera othamanga.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi mndandanda wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa ndi bowa la TOP-15 la Ukraine.
Kudya
Bowa uwu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga maziko a zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera, komanso mbale yophika. Ziwalo zonse za dubovik zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: mwendo ndi kapu alibe maonekedwe olimbitsa, motero amachizidwa bwino. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kukoma kwake, pamene akuphika bowa wotere, amapezeka zonunkhira ndi zonunkhira zambiri. 
Kodi ndi kuphika kokwanira
Chifukwa chakuti subdub ili ndi kuchuluka kwa poizoni, n'zosatheka kuphika popanda kuimika kale. Asanapange kuphika, kutsuka ndi kuyeretsa dubovik kumakhala madzi amchere kwa mphindi 20-30. Kenaka, kuthira madzi, dubovik wiritsani m'madzi atsopano kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 30 kuchokera nthawi yotentha, malingana ndi kukula kwa poddubovik. Dyovik youma imayenera kuphika - imaphika kwa mphindi 30: nthawiyi idzakhala yokwanira kuti zonse zomwe zimayambitsa bowa zouma ziwonongeke.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za sayansi ya kukolola bowa: pickling, salting, kuyanika, kuzizira.
Momwe mungakokere
Poddubik amavomerezadi kukoma ndi kununkhira kwake panthawi yopuma: motsogoleredwa ndi malamulo, zimakhala zokoma kwambiri.
Kukonzekera kwa zofiira za dubovik zofunika:
- podduboviki - 1 makilogalamu;
- Vinyo wosasa 9% - supuni 2;
- citric acid;
- madzi - 250 ml;
- shuga - 1 tbsp. supuni;
- mchere - 1 tbsp. supuni;
- allspice ndi tsabola wakuda, adyo, cloves, katsabola, coriander - kulawa.
Kukonzekera Njira:
- Kutsekemera, kutsukidwa ndi kudulidwa kwa Dubovik yophika kwa mphindi 15-20. Kenaka madzi amafunika kuyamwa.
- Konzani marinade: tabweretsa madzi kwa chithupsa, kuwonjezera shuga, mchere, peppercorns, katsabola, coriander ndi cloves. Wiritsani kwa mphindi 5-7 mutatentha.
- Ikani duboviki yophika mu mtsuko, kutsanulira marinade ndi kuwonjezera vinyo wosasa ndi adyo.
- Mtsuko umasindikizidwa mwamphamvu, umaloledwa kuziziritsa kutentha.
Izi zophikira podduboviki zosungidwa pamalo ozizira (zingakhale pa khonde kapena m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba).Mukudziwa? Bowa la Dubovik imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zachipatala: zina mwa amino acid zomwe zimapangidwira zimatha kulepheretsa mapangidwe ndi kufalikira kwa zotupa zowonongeka, ndipo zimapanga poddubovik pogwiritsa ntchito poddubovik pofuna kuthetsa kupsinjika maganizo ndi kutopa kwakukulu.
Kusamala ndi zizindikiro za poizoni
Dubovik, mosiyana ndi ryezhik kapena chikasu, sizingatheke zobiriwira: zili ndi zinthu zoopsa zomwe zingayambitse thupi lalikulu. Ayenera kuphika, yokazinga kapena odzozedwa asanadye. Sikoyenera kuti mudye podduboviki kuphatikiza ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kapangidwe ka zakudya. Ana, amayi apakati ndi amayi oyamwitsa sayenera kudya podduboviki: chifukwa chokonzekera bwino, angathe kuchepetsa kwambiri ntchito zoteteza thupi.
Zizindikiro za pobovik poizoni ndi:
- ululu wopweteka m'mimba;
- chisokonezo;
- chizungulire;
- blanching;
- maonekedwe a bluu kapena ma chikasu pa khungu;
- malungo ndi malungo.
Pazizindikiro zoyamba za kumwa mowa, nthawi yomweyo zimagwedeza m'mimba ndi madzi ndi mphamvu yochepa ya potaziyamu permanganate ndikuyitanitsa chithandizo chadzidzidzi: mwina mwaphika ndikudya bowa chakupha. Kuchedwa kulikonse kungawononge moyo, kotero ngakhale ngakhale mutamva kusokonezeka pang'ono, komabe mupemphe thandizo kwa dokotala. 
Poddubovik ndi mitundu yosawerengeka yomwe imapezeka kawirikawiri m'nkhalango. Komabe, iye, pokonzekera bwino, ali ndi kukoma kokoma ndi kununkhira, ndipo mbale kuchokera pamenepo ikhoza kukhala chokongoletsera cha tebulo. Samalani pamene mukusonkhanitsa ndi kuphika dubovik: ganizirani bowa bwino musanakonzekere - mwinamwake pali kuyang'ana poizoni pakati pa zitsanzo zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa. Funsani olemba bowa wodziwa bwino kapena osaphika ndi bowa zomwe mukukayikira: mudziteteze ku poizoni.
