Mmene mungamere ndikukula raspberries mitundu "Cascade Delight"

M'munda wamakono, pali mitundu yambiri ya zomera zomwe zimalima. Koma sikuti aliyense wa iwo adatha kukhala pansi pamunda wamakono padziko lonse lapansi ndikukhala mitundu yowona bwino kwambiri. Chomera chimodzi ndi Cascade Chisangalalo rasipiberi zosiyanasiyana. Berry ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zopindulitsa kwambiri pa sukulu yamakono yoswana, yomwe mwazaka makumi angapo zakhala zokonda kwambiri kwa wamaluwa wamaluwa omwe ali payekha ndi zikuluzikulu zaulimi. Komabe, mwatsoka, ambirife sitikudziwa zomwe zosiyanasiyanazi zikufunikira kuti chitukuko chitukulire bwino komanso fruiting yapamwamba. M'nkhani ino tiwulula zinsinsi za kulima rasipiberi "Cascade Delight", komanso kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane agrotechnics ya kulima kwake.

Zamkatimu:

• Zizindikiro za zipatso ndi zipatso
• Agrotehnika kulima ndi kusamalira raspberries
• Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
• Zomwe amangidwa
• Nthaka ndi feteleza
• Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
• Kugwirizana kwa kutentha
• Kubalanso ndi kubzala
• Kudulira
• Kukula ndi mavuto
• Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
• Video: Rasipiberi "Kusangalala Kwambiri"
• Malingaliro ochokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito rasipiberi "Cascade kukondwera"

Malingaliro osiyanasiyana

Zosiyanasiyana "Kusangalala Kwambiri" ndizochokera ku America yosankhidwa. Chomeracho chinakhazikitsidwa ku Washington (USA) m'munsi mwa siteshoni ya kafukufuku ya Puileap mwa kudutsa mtundu wa WSU 994 ndi Chilliwack mu 1989. Kuphatikiza kopambana kwa zomera za amayi kunapangitsa kuti zitheke kupeza chikhalidwe chabwino chokhala ndi zipatso, chomwe chimadziwika osati ndi zokolola zambiri, koma mmalo mwa makhalidwe abwino a kukoma.

Onani mitundu yabwino ya rasipiberi: Herideage, Barnaulskaya, Ispolin, Kunyada kwa Russia, Canada, Kirzhach, Polka, Atlas, Cumberland, Tyberry ndi Karamelka .

Chomera ndi shrub wamtali umene ukhoza kufika mamita 1 mpaka 3. Ndi njira zonse za agrotechnical, n'zotheka kupeza chomera, koma chophwima chomera ndi chingwe cholowera cha mphukira. Pamwamba pa nthambiyi ndi yosalala, chiwerengero cha minga ndi chochepa. Mlingo wa mbeu yopanga mbewu ndi sing'anga, shrub ingapereke pafupifupi 7-8 mphukira za mmalo mwake. Masamba a "Cascade Achimwemwe" ndi aakulu ndi aakulu, ali ndi zovuta zambiri. Masamba ali pa mphukira m'magulu a zidutswa zitatu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mthunzi ukhale mthunzi wa dzuwa. Mzu wa chitsamba ndi nthambi zambiri ndipo umakhala wovuta kwambiri, umathandiza zomera kuti zithe kulimbana ndi nthawi iliyonse yovuta.

Maluwa a chitsamba ndi ochuluka, maluwawo ndi ochepa, pafupifupi 1 cm mu mtanda. Pakati pa maluwa othamanga, amasonkhanitsidwa mu ma racemes omwe ali pa tsamba la axils kapena pamwamba pa nthambi. Chomeracho ndi cha mitundu ya oyambirira yakucha, kotero yogwira fruiting wa raspberries mu nyengo yozizira imapezeka kumayambiriro kwa July, mu kutentha zigawo - mu theka la June. Fruiting nthawi zambiri samatambasula, nthawi yokolola zipatso imatenga masiku osachepera 21-24.

Pambuyo maluwa tchire tiphike zipatso zokometsera zowonongeka ndi zonunkhira. Zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndizochepa, zofiira zofiira, zimakanikirana pamodzi m'madera ozungulira. Rasipiberi ndi yoyenera kwa onse ochita masewera ndi akatswiri olima kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mu mawonekedwe opangira, komanso zipangizo za mitundu yonse ya zakumwa, zakudya, zosungira, ndi zina zotero.

Mukudziwa? Kuyamba kutchulidwa kwa mbewu ngati rasipiberi, kumapezeka mu zolembedwa za wolemba wakale wa Chiroma ndi wolemba mawu Cato Wamkulu, kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1000 BC. er

The main zigawo kukula zipatso:

• Belarus;
• Belgium;
• United Kingdom;
• Russia;
• United States;
• Ukraine

Ngakhale kuti ndi yophweka komanso yooneka bwino, rasipiberi "Cascade Delight" ikudziwika ndi ubwino wambiri womwe umatsimikizira kuti alimi ambiri amadziwika. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• zokolola zazikulu ndi mtundu wa mbeu;
• kukana kwa zipatso kukugwa;
• kukwanira kwa zipatso zokolola zamakina;
• kuwonjezeka kwa kusunga mbewu;
• chabwino mabulosi transportability;
• kulongosola bwino mbewu;
• Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa mbewu kuti ikhale yowonongeka, mizu yovunda ndi imvi zowola;
• kulimbana ndi chilala ndi chisanu.

Komabe, rasipiberi iyi ili ndi zovuta zake. Ngakhale kuti samasintha kwenikweni maganizo abwino onse okhudza zosiyanasiyana, amafunika kudziwika kwa wolima aliyense amene akuyesa kukula kukula kwa Cascade Pachifukwa chake. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• kufunika kwa zomera za teknoloji yapadera yaulimi;
• Kusagwirizana kwapadera kwa mphukira pakukula;
• kusamvana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti ikhale yochepa;
• mtundu wosagwirizana wa zipatso (nthawi zambiri).

Zinthu zazikuluzikulu za Cascade zokondwerera rasipiberi ndi zokhudzana ndi mitundu yosiyana:

• luso lopereka zokolola zochuluka kwa nthawi yochepa;
• Zipatso zazikulu kuposa mitundu yambiri (15-20%);
• Zipatso zimasiyana pofotokoza kukoma ndi fungo;
• Malo apadera a masamba pa mphukira (amathandiza kuteteza zipatso ku miyeso yambiri ya dzuwa);
• chiwerengero chochepa cha spikes pa mphukira, zomwe zimayambitsa njira yokolola.

Zizindikiro za zipatso ndi zipatso

"Kusangalala Kwambiri" kumakhala ndi zipatso zambiri. Pakati pa nyengo, ndi kulima mafakitale, n'zotheka kusonkhanitsa zipatso zokwana makilogalamu 5 kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi, koma pansi pa zochitika za m'munda, zokolola zimatha kukula kufika pa makilogalamu 7. Pankhaniyi, n'zotheka kusonkhanitsa matani 20-25 a zipatso kuchokera ku 1 ha masimu. Zipatso zimasiyana mosiyana ndi kukula kwake, panthawi yomweyi kulemera kwa mabulosi amodzi kuli mkati mwa 6-8 g. Mmene chipatsocho chimapangidwira, zimakhala zochepa. Mosasamala kukula kwa mikhalidwe ya zipatso ndi yowala ndi wolemera kukoma. Iwo amadziwika ndi thupi lofewa, lamadzi ndi lolimba, losauka kwambiri komanso shuga.

Mukudziwa? Ngakhale kuti raspberries anali kudziwika kwa Aroma ndi Agiriki akale, anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso zake pokhapokha m'zaka za zana lachinayi, izi zisanagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mankhwala.

Agrotehnika kulima ndi kusamalira raspberries

Kawirikawiri, alimi akulima mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Cascade ndizosiyana ndi kulima mitundu yowonjezera rasipiberi. Komabe, monga mbewu ina iliyonse, rasipiberi iyi ili ndi zizindikiro zake komanso zinsinsi za kulima kwake, zomwe zimapereka zipatso zambiri komanso zipatso zabwino kwambiri. Choncho, kusunga mosamala njira zonse za agrotechnical kukula kwa mbeu kudzasintha ndondomekoyi osati ntchito yokhayokha komanso yosavuta.

Kusankhidwa kwa mbande

Rasipiberi ndi imodzi mwa zomera zosadzichepetsa, kotero ngakhale mbande zofooka zimatha kupuma bwino. Komabe, pakuchita, zonse sizili bwino. Kuti chomera chikulire mofulumira ndipo posakhalitsa chikondwerero ndi zipatso zake, zokhazokha zokhazokha zimayenera kusankhidwa chifukwa chodzala. Choncho, kusankha mbande kuyenera kuyandikira ndi zapadera.

Kuwonjezera pa zofiira rasipiberi mitundu, chikasu ndi wakuda raspberries amapezekanso kunyumba yamaluwa, ndi zambiri zopindulitsa katundu.

Mfundo zazikulu za mbande zabwino:

• kutalika kwa mmera (osapitirira 15-20 cm mu msinkhu);
• mapesi angapo omwe ali ndi chitsamba;
• Pansi pa zimayambira zikhale ndi masamba osachepera atatu, chifukwa ndizochokera kwa iwo omwe mphukira zazing'ono zidzakula, pomwe mbewuzo zidzatha;
• nthambi ndi mphamvu mizu ndi yonyowa ndi zotanuka mizu, popanda kuwonongeka.

Posankha mbande ayenera kusamalanso kusungirako zinthu za kubzala zinthu, chifukwa mbali imeneyi imakhudza kwambiri viability ya mbande. Mitengo iyenera kukhala yozizira komanso yotetezedwa ku dzuwa. Sizolandiridwa kusungira zomera mu matumba apulasitiki ndi matumba. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mizu yawo ikhale yowonongeka komanso yovunda, yomwe imayambitsa imfa ya mbande m'munda.

Ndikofunikira! Kupeza zokolola m'misika ya chilengedwe sikuvomerezedwa. Mbeu zoterozo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosafunika, kotero kuti zipangizo zakuthupi ziyenera kuperekedwa kokha m'masitolo apadera.

Ndibwino kuti zonse zinyamule zamasamba zikhale zosasunthika, zophimba pang'ono zapuni, zomwe zimapatsa zomera zowonjezera chinyezi komanso mpweya wabwino. Koma poyendetsa mbande kwa maulendo ang'onoang'ono, kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala apulasitiki kuti azigulumuke kumaloledwa, ndipo chomeracho chiyenera kupatsidwa mpweya wabwino. Pambuyo pogula, mbande zimasinthidwa kumalo otseguka mkati mwa maola 24, ngati kuli koyenera, njirayi ikhoza kuchepetsedwa kwa masiku angapo, koma pa izi, mbewu zimayenera kuikidwa m'manda pang'ono ndi kuthirira mochuluka.

Zomwe amangidwa

Rasipiberi amasangalala kwambiri dzuwa, malo owala bwino, kutali ndi zojambula. Pachifukwa ichi, chomeracho chimafuna nthawi zonse mpweya wabwino, kotero ziyenera kubzalidwa pamalo otseguka. Malo abwino kwambiri pa tchire adzamva kumbali yakum'mwera kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa malowa pamtunda wochepa. Pankhaniyi, tchire lidzatetezedwa kwambiri ku mphepo yamkuntho, mosasamala kanthu za nyengo ya dera.

Raspberries amabzalidwa mumzere wolimba pamtunda wa masentimita 2.5 kuchokera wina ndi mnzake. Pamene mukukula minda ndi yaying'ono, malo omwe ali pafupi ndi mbeu 1-1.5, pamene mbewu zamalonda zimatha kuchepa kufika 0,7 mamita.

Zitsamba ziyenera kukhala zochepa ku mbewu iliyonse ya zipatso, monga kuyandikira kwa zipatso zomera zingasokoneze kukula ndi zokolola za raspberries. Kuti muchite izi, patali pafupifupi mamita 1 kuchokera ku tchire, muyenera kusiya kulima zomera zilizonse zomwe zimalima, ndikupanga malo ang'onoang'ono osintha kuchokera ku udzu kapena udzu. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kudula udzu nthawi ndi nthawi kuti muteteze kuponderezana ndi ntchito yofunika ya shrub.

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, rasipiberi imayankha mwamphamvu kumeta ndi kumasula nthaka pansi pa chitsamba. Njira imeneyi ya agrotechnical imathandiza kuti nthaka ikhale ndi mpweya wabwino, ndipo imathandizanso kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zomera za parasitic. Kwa nthawi yoyamba kupalira ndi kumasula kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndiyeno njirayi imachitika nthawi ndi nthawi komanso pakufunika, koma osachepera 3-4 pa mwezi.

Nthaka ndi feteleza

Kukulitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuyenera kukhala pa dothi lachonde, lodzaza bwino, kotero, kukula kwa zitsamba pa nthaka yosauka, loamy ndi mchenga wosakonzekera sikunakonzedwe. Ndicho chifukwa chake musanabzala nthaka ayenera kukhala ndi umuna. Ndondomekoyi imayamba kumayambiriro kwa masika, itatha kusungunuka kwa madzi osungunuka kuchokera kumalo.

Kuonjezera nthaka ndikudyetsanso zomera, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza: udzu, zitowe za nkhunda, Florex granulated ntchentche nkhuku, ufa wa fupa, chakudya cha nsomba, whey, pepala ya mbatata, kompositi, chimanga cha eggse, nthore ya nthochi ndi fumbi la fodya.

Kuchita izi, humus kapena kompositi imayikidwa m'nthaka pamtunda wa 5-7 makilogalamu / sq m. Ngati ndi kotheka, feteleza zokhala ndi feteleza zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga mu chiwerengero cha 2: 1 kuti apange madzi okwanira. Malowa ayenera kukhala odzaza ndi feteleza a mchere. Koposa zonse, superphosphate (90 g / sqm) ndi kuwonjezera pa sulphate ya potassium (70 g / sq m) ndi yoyenera pazinthu izi. Ngati malo anu sakusowa feteleza yowonjezerapo, akhoza kupindula ndi phulusa losavuta (0.5 kg / sq. M.), Limathandiza kuti zipatso zikhale zonunkhira komanso zonunkhira.

Shrub silingalekerere dothi lopitirira kwambiri, kotero, musanadzale mbande, m'pofunika kuyang'ana malo obzala chifukwa cha acidity pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zapadera za m'munda. PH yabwino ayenera kukhala 6-7.5. Ngati nthaka yayamba kwambiri, derali liyenera kukhala lopangidwa mozungulira. Pochita izi, ufa wa dolomite kapena hydrated laimu (0.5 makilogalamu / sq. M.) Umalowetsedwa m'nthaka, pambuyo pake malo okwera malo akulima bwino. Pofuna kulimbikitsa kulekerera kwa chilala, ndibwino kuti tizitsuka zokwawa m'madera omwe ali ndi madzi otsika pansi, omwe sali ochepa kuposa mamita 0,8-1 kuchokera kumtunda.

Ndikofunikira! Kuwaza nthaka ndi peat sikuletsedwa, chifukwa kungayambitse acidification ya nthaka.

Zovala zapamwamba zowonjezera zimachitika nthawi ndi nthawi, malingana ndi nyengo yokula. Kumapeto kwa maluwa, isanayambe maluwa, zomera zimadyetsa chakudya chamtundu, choncho zimamera ndi madzi amchere (1:10) kapena zitosi za mbalame (1:20). Mukhoza kutenga m'malo ovomerezeka pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza zovuta zowonjezera Kemira (supuni 3 l / 10 malita a madzi) kapena zofanana.

Pambuyo pa fruiting raspberries akhoza kudyetsedwa ndi nkhuni phulusa, ndi kuwerengera 2 kg / sq.m. Zidzathandiza kuthengo kudyetsa potaziyamu, zomwe chaka chatha chidzakhudza makhalidwe abwino a zipatso. M'dzinja, tchire ayenera kukhala ndi nitroammofosca ndi ma 200 g / m2. chiwembu.

Kuthirira ndi chinyezi

Kuthira madzi okwanira nthawi zonse ndizofunika kwambiri kuti mukhale wathanzi komanso fruiting raspberries. Kuperewera kwa chinyezi kungachititse kuti chiwonongeko cha chitsamba chisamangidwe, chomwe chingakhudze mwachindunji kukolola kwake. Kuphwanya ulamuliro wa madzi kungachititsenso kuti mitengo iwonongeke, komanso kuchepetsanso kukoma kwa zipatso, kuti kuthirira kuyenera kuyankhulidwa kwambiri. Koma, ngakhale chikondi cha padziko lonse cha raspberries kwa madzi, sikuli koyenera kubwezeretsanso nthaka, chifukwa izi zingachititse kuti mizu iwononge ndipo tchire kufa.

Ndi bwino kuonetsetsa kuti zokolola zimatha, koma kuthirira madzi ambiri m'nyengo yokula. Kuti tichite zimenezi, nthaka iyenera kuthiriridwa kuposa 2-3 pa mwezi, pamene chinyezi chiyenera kukhuta ndi masentimita 30-35 masentimita. Kuchuluka kwa madzi ogwiritsa ntchito ulimi wothirira ayenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi 30 l / sqm. kulima. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tikulimbikitsanso kuthirira madzi shrub madzulo, ndipo panthawiyi madzi amatha kulowa mu nthaka moyenera.

Kugwirizana kwa kutentha

Rasipiberi ndi chikhalidwe chokhala m'madera omwe ali ndi kumpoto ndi nyengo yozizira. Koma pofuna kuti shrub ikhale ndi zipatso, iyenera kukhala yaikulu m'madera amenewo komwe chiwerengero cha kutentha kwa nyengo imatha kufika 1212 ° C. Malingana ndi izi, panthawi ya kukula kwa nyengo, chikhalidwe chiyenera kukhala kutentha kopambana kuposa 20 ... +25 ° С.

Chomeracho chimagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, koma ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku pansipa -25 ° C, kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa mphukira za shrub, komanso mizu yake. Ndicho chifukwa chake, kutentha kusanayambe m'madera omwe ali ndi chivundikiro cha chisanu, shrub imafuna kuti pakhale malo obisika.

Kubalanso ndi kubzala

Rasipiberi mbande zikhoza kukhazikika pa nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, koma ndi bwino kusankha kasupe kuti izi zikakhala pafupifupi kutentha tsiku ndi tsiku zidzakhala pafupifupi 10 ° C. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, raspberries adabzalidwa mzere mu nthaka yomwe idakonzedwa kale. Mbeu iliyonse imabzalidwa pa dzenje lakuya ndi kuya pafupifupi 30-50 masentimita ndi kupitirira pafupifupi 50-60 masentimita (malingana ndi kukula kwa mizu). Mzuwu nthawi yomweyo uyenera kudzaza dzenje mwachilungamo.

Ngati mukufuna rasipiberi tchire ndikukula bwino, phunzirani kulima raspberries mu kugwa ndi masika.

Kupititsa patsogolo kukula kwa mbande mu dzenje ayenera kutsimikiza pang'ono kugona humus kapena udzu, komanso madzi ambiri. Kuti mudzaze nthaka mizu iyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono, kupewa kugwirizanitsa kwambiri. Mutabzala, mbande iyenera kudulidwa 2-3 masentimita pamwamba pake. Njirayi ndi yofunikira kwambiri kuti kukula kwa mbewu zitheke, popeza kudulira kumathandiza kwambiri pa ntchito ya mbande.

Ndikofunikira! Mukamabzala raspberries, muyenera kumvetsetsa msinkhu wa impso m'malo mwake, ziyenera kukhala kutalika kwa masentimita 3-4 pamwamba pa nthaka.

Pambuyo pa zonsezi, nthaka iyenera kuthiriridwa, kenaka kubwereza tsiku lotsatira (kuthirira moyenera kumachitika ngati n'kofunikira). Pofuna kuchepetsa kusamalidwa kwa mbeu, zimalimbikitsa kupereka garter ku shrub. Kuti muchite izi, pamzerewu wonse, nkofunika kuti zitsulo zitsulo zikhale zogwiritsa ntchito masentimita 0,5 masentimita pamtunda wa mamita 1-1.5 pamwamba pa nthaka. Tsamba likafika pamtunda wofunikira, wayayo udzakhala mawonekedwe othandizira.

Kudulira

Pofuna kuwoneka bwino, komanso kuonjezera zokolola za m'minda, raspberries amafunika kudulira nthawi zonse. Mmodzi amachititsa kuti zitha kupeŵa kukula kwa minda, yomwe imakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa zipatso, komanso kukoma kwake. Kumayambiriro kwa kudulira kumayambiriro kwa masika, atachoka pa tsamba la chipale chofewa. Miyeso yayikulu ya kudulira:

1. Yoyamba kuthetsa akufa ndi kuonongeka m'nyengo yozizira. Kuti muchite izi, yang'anani mbali zonse zakufa, mpaka impso yoyamba. Pankhani iyi, isanafike impso, m'pofunika kusiya pentikiki yaing'ono ya 2-3 masentimita.
2. Pambuyo pa kudulira mwaukhondo, pitirizani kukonza chitsamba. Zimaphatikizapo kupatulira shrub mwa kuchotsa mphukira zakale (zaka zitatu). The mulingo woyenera kwambiri nthambi pa chitsamba sayenera kupitirira 7-10, mwinamwake achinyamata mphukira ayenera kudula.
3. Kuyesa nsonga za mphukira. Pa izi, nsonga za nthambi iliyonse zimachepetsedwa ndi 15-20 masentimita (35-40 masentimita pa chitsamba chokhwima). Ndi ndondomeko yoyenerera bwino, panthawi yomwe maluwa akuthamanga, mphukira iliyonse yokonzedwa idzabala zipatso zisanu zazing'ono zomwe zimapatsa zipatso pafupifupi 50 cm.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zotsatila:

• Kuyeretsa raspberries bwino kumachitika tsiku louma, dzuwa ndi lotentha, izi zidzakuthandizani kufulumira njira yakuchiritsa machiritso;
• kudulira kumachitika ndi mpeni kapena munda wa shears pambali ya 45 °, bevel ku chitsamba;
• Pofuna kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zida zonse ziyenera kutetezedwa. Pochita izi, zowonongeka zimatsukidwa pansi pamadzi, kenako zimamira kwa mphindi 10 mu 70% ya mankhwala oledzera kapena 0,5% peroxide yankho;
• Mabala amayenera kuthandizidwa ndi mkuwa wa sulfate, amateteza chitsamba ku matenda opatsirana;
• Pambuyo poyenga raspberries, muyenera kumangiriza ndi chingwe ku chithandizo cha waya.

Ndikofunikira! Musaiwale za kudulira ku chilimwe. Raspberries amafunika kusamalidwa nthawi zonse, kuti zomera zikule ndi kubereka zipatso mosamala, nyengo yonseyi, nthambi za nthambi zomwe zimafalikira komanso omwe akukhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana amtunduwu ayenera kudula.

Kukula ndi mavuto

Ngakhale kuti raspberries ndi amodzi a chikhalidwe cha kumpoto ndi kotentha, chomera ichi ndi chikhalidwe chosadziwika. N'chifukwa chake oyamba kumene ndi olima wamaluwa amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri pamene kulima mitundu, chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha shrub. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi mavuto otsatirawa:

• kufota mphukira ndi masamba;
• zokolola zochepa;
• mitundu yochepa.

Vuto lofota mphukira ndi kusiya masamba a rasipiberi amapezeka m'minda iliyonse, popeza pangakhale zifukwa zambiri zowonongeka. Koma kawirikawiri chomeracho chimadwalitsidwa chifukwa cha kusamalidwa kosayenera kwa mbeu, zomwe zimayambitsa kuswa kwa nthaka, komanso zofunikira za microclimate.

Raspberries - nyumba yosungiramo mavitamini kuti tikhale ndi thanzi lathu. Werengani za machiritso ndi ntchito ya raspberries.

Zikakhala choncho, chomeracho chimapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chiwonongeke, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti imfa yake iwonongeke. Zingathe kuchepetsanso kuchepetsa chitetezo cha mbeu, zomwe mosakayikira zimatsogolera kugonjetsedwa kwa tizilombo tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Wilting angakhalenso ndi chilengedwe chamoyo, koma potsirizira pake, chifukwa cha izi sichikutsatiridwa ndi magetsi ochuluka a kulima mbewu.

Zokolola zazing'ono zingakhale ndi zifukwa zingapo. Kawirikawiri, zokolola zochepa zimawoneka ngati malamulo omwe amasamalira zitsamba samayang'anitsitsa (kudulira, kuthirira, kudyetsa, etc.), komanso chifukwa cha ukalamba wa chitsamba. Pofuna kupewa kuchepa kwa zipatso zosiyanasiyana, nkofunikira kuti mwatsatanetsatane zitsatira zonse zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa kuti zisamalire maluwa a rasipiberi.

Kutha kwa mitundu yosiyana ndi zotsatira za chirengedwe cha chirengedwe pakukula kwa zitsamba. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zikhoza kukhala zazikulu, koma zonse zimakhalapo chifukwa chokula maluwa pa malowa kwa nthawi yaitali. Choncho, pamene mukulima nkhalango zakuda, nkofunika kupereka dongosolo kuti pang'onopang'ono kusintha malo a mabedi pa tsamba.

Mukudziwa? Dzina la sayansi la rasipiberi (Rubus idaeus) linaperekedwa ku chomera ndi wolemba wakale wa Chiroma Pliny Wamkulu mu zaka za zana la 1 AD. er

Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mtundu wa Cascade Wosangalatsa ndi wovuta kwambiri ku matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo. Komabe, ngati akuluakulu akuyang'anira ndi zofunikira zoyang'anira zamasamba sizikutsatiridwa, raspberries angakhudzidwe ndi matendawa:

• ramulariasis - Matenda a fungus omwe amachititsa zilonda za lamina ndi zimayambira. Amayamba ndi bowa la Ramularia.. Nthendayi imayambitsa kugwa kwakukulu kwa masamba ndi imfa ya mphukira. Ramulariasis amawonetsedwa ngati maonekedwe oyera pamdima wobiriwira wa raspberries okhala ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono pakati. Patapita nthawi, mawangawo amathyola tsamba, lomwe limayambitsa imfa. Limbani nthendayi mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi amadzimadzi a colloidal sulfure (50 g / 10 l). Pofuna kupewa matenda, zomera zimayenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse ndi fungicide yovuta (Fitosporin, Zircon, etc.) kapena Bordeaux osakaniza;
• dzimbiri - matenda opatsirana opatsirana, omwe amadziwika ngati mawonekedwe aang'ono a machungwa. Zimayambitsidwa ndi nkhungu zosiyanasiyana za Pucciniales. Ndi chitukuko champhamvu cha causative agent, matendawa amachititsa kufa kwa zobiriwira zamtchire, komanso amachepetsa kwambiri zokolola za mbewu. Amalimbana ndi dzimbiri ndi zovuta zowopsa (2% Nitrafen solution, 1% DNOC solution, etc.). Pofuna kupuma, kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides monga Fitosporin, Zircon, etc., kapena Bordeaux madzi;
• powdery mildew - kawirikawiri amachitika nyengo yotentha, chifukwa cha matendawa ndi bowa la ectoparasitic la dongosolo la Erysiples. Amawonetsa matenda ngati mawonekedwe oyera pa masamba. Nthendayi imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa kukula ndi kukula kwa raspberries, komanso kusintha kwa lamina ndi mphukira zazing'ono, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji zokolola za shrub. Amalimbana ndi powdery mildew mwa kuchiza zitsamba zogwira ndi Bordeaux madzi kapena zovuta za fungicides;
• kumera (kumera) - rasipiberi kachilombo matenda, omwe amatsogolera ku mapangidwe a chitsamba cha ambiri aatali ndi owonda mphukira omwe sangathe kubala chipatso. Amayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Matendawa si othandizidwa ndi mankhwala, kotero, pofuna kupewa kupezeka, zitsamba zomwe zakhudzidwa zimachotsedwa ndi kutenthedwa. Zinyamulira za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kotero chiyeso chachikulu cha kupewa kuthamangira chachepetsedwa kuti chimenyane ndi ogawira matenda (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda);
• tsamba lopiringa - Matenda a tizilombo omwe amatsogolera ku uncharacteristic kwa rasipiberi kuchepetsa ndi kuphulika kwa mphukira, pamene masamba a chitsamba akugwa ndi kugwa pansi. Izi zimabweretsa kulepheretsa kukula ndi fruiting zitsamba, ndipo nthawi zina, imfa ya chomera. Chifukwa cha matendawa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Matendawa si ochiritsidwa, kotero, pofuna kupewa kufa kwa mbeu yonse, tchire toyambitsa matenda imachotsedwa ndi kutenthedwa. Njira yayikulu yothandizira kupopera ndi kuteteza raspberries ndi mankhwala omwe amaletsa chitukuko cha nsabwe za m'masamba.

Pezani matenda omwe mungakumane nawo pamene mukukula raspberries.

Kuphatikiza apo, minda yofiira ikhoza kuonongeka ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana, zomwe ndizoopsa kwambiri:

• aphid - gulu la tizilombo ta Hemiptera. Kuwonetsetsa m'madera osiyanasiyana a tizilombo, tizilombo timayambitsa masamba ndi kuwuma, komanso mphukira zazing'ono, zomwe zimachepetsa ubwino ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu. Aphid ndi tizilombo tooneka mobiriwira, pafupifupi 2-3 mm kutalika. Mutha kuzizindikira kudzera mu zowonongeka kwambiri za tizilombo tosiyanasiyana pazitsamba. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa: "Aktara", "Confidor", "Karbofos", ndi zina zotero. Kuletsa nsabwe za m'masamba, zomera zimayenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso zimagwirizanitsa ndi sayansi yamakono yolima mbeu;
• kangaude - kuyamwa tizilombo kuchokera ku gawo la Prostigmata. Tizilombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndi chitukuko chogwira ntchito cha nkhupakupa chimayambitsa wilting wa masamba, komanso imfa ya masamba obiriwira a shrub. N'zotheka kudziwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pogwiritsa ntchito tsamba loyera loyera, limene mite imagwiritsira ntchito timapepala tochepa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timakhala ndi kutalika kwa 0,5 mm, lalanje-chikasu kapena chikasu. Kuti awononge nthata zamakono, zomera zimatengedwa ndi "Fitoverm", "Karbofos" kapena mafananidwe osinthika. Pofuna kupewa kutayika kwa akangaude, munthu ayenera kutsatira mosamala zogwirira ntchito za ulimi;
• rasipiberi gallitsa - tizilombo toyamwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a banja la Cecidomyiidae. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi udzudzu wawung'ono wa pafupifupi 2 mm, ndi mthunzi wakuda wakuda. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena timayambira timene timakhala tikupweteka m'madera ena a mphukira. Patapita nthawi, udzudzu umakhudza zakuda ndi mphutsi zake, zomwe zimayambitsa kufota ndi kufa kwa ziwalo za mbeu. Amamenyana ndi tizilombo mwa kuwononga zigawo zomwe zagwedezeka. Pofuna kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa zitsamba tiyenera kuonetsetsa bwino, ndipo nthaka ndi ma rasipiberi ziyenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse ndi 30% ya Karbofos;
• ntchentche - Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a suborder Brachycera. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timafalikira kumadera ena komanso pamapiri akuluakulu komanso timapiko ting'onoting'ono tofikira 6 mm kutalika. Chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo timayika mazira ndi mphutsi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphulika kwachinyamata komanso kuponderezedwa kwa shrub. Limbani ndi tizilombo ndi kudulira ndi kuwononga ziwalo zofota. Njira yothetsera tizilombo ikupopera mbewu mankhwalawa raspberries panthawi ya budding ndi Iskra, Konfidor, Detsis kapena zinthu zofanana;
• kachilomboka ka rasipiberi - Coleoptera wa mtundu wa Byturus. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kachilombo kakang'ono ka 4mm kutalika, chophimba ndi tsitsi lachikasu kapena la imvi. Panthawi yamatendawa, kachilomboka kamadya masamba a rasipiberi, omwe amachepetsa zokolola zake ndi ubwino wa zipatso, pambuyo pake zimakhala ndi mphutsi za parasitic pa shrub. Amamenyana ndi tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito makina a nkhuku panthawi ya rasipiberi, komanso pogwiritsa ntchito malo omwe ali pafupi ndi Iskra, Confidor, Decis, kapena mafanowo. Zizindikiro zothandizira kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
• rasipiberi maluwa (weevil) - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a mtundu wa Anthonomus. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe ndi kachilombo kofiira kakang'ono ka 3 mm kutalika ndi proboscis. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kachilomboka kamadya masamba aang'ono ndi masamba ena a mphukira, kenako imatulutsa mazira omwe mbozi imakula. Izi zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa zokolola za shrub ndi kuponderezedwa kwake. Limbani tizilombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pofuna kupeŵa maonekedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, rasipiberi zamasamba ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala ndi njira zonse zofunikira zothandizira, komanso chithandizo choletsa chisanafike ndi Karbofos, Iskra, Konfidor, Detsis kapena zofanana.

Mukudziwa? Wolemba mabuku kuti apange raspberries ndi Russia, pafupifupi matani 200,000 a zipatso zake amakula chaka chilichonse m'dzikolo, zomwe zimapanga pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya msika wonse wa malonda.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Kusangalala Kwambiri" ndi imodzi mwazopambana kwambiri komanso zopindulitsa kukula mitundu ya raspberries. Zimapereka zokolola zabwino, komanso zipatso zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimasiyanasiyana powerenga kukoma. Komabe, monga chomera cholimidwa chiri chonse, rasipiberi iyi imayenera kuchitidwa chidwi nthawi zonse, kuphatikizapo kugwirizana ndi zofunikira zonse za agrotechnical. Pokhapokha pokhapokha, jamukiro la rasipiberi lidzasangalala ndi zokolola zawo kwa zaka zambiri.

Video: Rasipiberi "Kusangalala Kwambiri"

Malingaliro ochokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito rasipiberi "Cascade kukondwera"