Ngati mukufuna kukonza nkhuku zanu, koma simunayambe mwasamalira mbalame zoterozo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mukhale ndi chidwi ndi mtundu woterewu monga "Ukrainian lohmonogaya Ushanka".
M'nkhaniyi mupeza zofunikira zonse zokhudza mbalame izi: momwe amawonekeramo, ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe akufunikira kusungidwa ndi momwe zingawathandize kuti aziwathandiza.
Mbiri yakale
Sitikudziwika bwino momwe mtundu uwu unakhazikitsidwira, koma, malinga ndi umboni womwe unapezeka pofufuza zolemba za mbiriyakale, tinganene kuti nkhuku zomwe zili ndi kunja komwe zakhala zikufunikira kwambiri ku Russia ndi Ukraine kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 17. Poyang'ana pazigawo zina, cholinga chachikulu (mtundu wobala mazira) ndi chikhalidwe, poyamba mtundu uwu unapezeka chifukwa cha kugawidwa kwa mitundu yoyera ya Russian ndi yachitsamba.
Mukudziwa? Umboni wa nkhuku zoyamba kubwezedwa anazipeza pofufuzidwa m'madera a Ethiopia masiku ano. Malingana ndi iwo, nkhuku zoyamba zapakhomo zinkaoneka pafupifupi zaka 3,000 zapitazo.
Ngakhale kuti zikuwoneka mofanana ndi anthu akunja, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa dzina la mtundu komanso malo omwe anabadwira. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame zofanana ndi zochitika zonse zakutali ndi zokolola zimadziwikanso monga South Russian, Russian Russian ndi Russian. 
Chisokonezo choterechi ndi chifukwa chakuti mtundu uwu ndi wa mtundu (autochthonous), womwe umangowononga kuyesa konse kuzilemba muzolembetsa zilizonse.
Chiyukireniya Ushanka akuphatikizidwa mu mndandanda wa nkhuku zabwino kwambiri za mtundu wa dzira. Zina mwa nkhuku za kayendedwe ka dzira ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi Leggorn, Loman Brown, Russian White, Orlovskaya, Pavlovskaya, Minorka.
Makhalidwe ndi zizindikiro
Ngati mukukonzekera kubzala mbalamezi, muyenera kudziŵa bwino mbali zawo. Izi zidzakuthandizani, osachepera, kotero kuti mukamagula nkhuku kapena akulu simunanyengedwe ndi wogulitsa wonyenga. M'munsimu mudzapeza kufotokozera za makhalidwe onse akunja ndi mbalamezi.
Maonekedwe
Mbali yaikulu ya earflaps ndi kukula kwake kwa chigaza, pomwe fupa lapamtima liri lapadera kwambiri. Kutsogolo kwa mutu ndi earlobes nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofiira kwambiri kapena kofiira. Pamwamba pa chigaza ndi chisa chooneka ngati tsamba kapena chomaoneka, chofiira. Zovala za khutu zimaphimbidwa ndi "ndevu" zowonjezereka zopangidwa ndi nthenga, ndipo "ndevu" imayikidwa pansi pa mlomo.
Beak - wamphamvu kwambiri, yamphamvu, ili ndi kondola kakang'ono. Khosi - pafupifupi kutalika, mwangwiro umalowa m'chifuwa chachikulu. Kumbuyo kumatchulidwa bend, m'malo momveka, ndi mapiko osasinthika, ophimbidwa ndi nthenga. Kawirikawiri, tikhoza kunena kuti thupi la nkhukuzi ndilo lopanda kanthu. 
Mukudziwa? Kutchire kapena pakakhala kusowa kwa chakudya, nkhuku zingadye mazira awo omwe awonongeka.
Miyendo siyikudzidwa ndi nthenga, nthawi zambiri pinki kapena yofiira, imayikidwa kumapeto kwa thupi. Phazi lirilonse limatha ndi zala zinayi, 3 zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga phazi, ndipo 1 zimatsutsana, ndikuthandiza mbalameyi kuti ikhale yoyenera. The earflaps ali ndi chitukuko mchira, makamaka kutchulidwa mu roosters. Nthenga zambiri zimaphimba thupi lonse ndi dothi, wandiweyani.
Mtundu
Nkhumba za Ushanka zimakhala ndi zofiira zakuda, nthawi zambiri zofiira. N'zotheka ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili ndi mawanga oyera, ofiira, ofiira, ofiira, achikasu, malingana ndi mitundu yayikuru. Zitsanzo zina zili ndi mtundu woyera, koma anthu oterewa savuta kupeza. Nkhutu zodzikongoletsera ndi zoyera ndizochokera mwachindunji kwa "makolo" awo akale, ndipo awo omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyana amapangidwa chifukwa cha mitanda yotsatira ya mitundu yosiyana pakati pawo. 
Makhalidwe
Kawirikawiri, mbalamezi zimakhala mwamtendere komanso mwamtendere, komabe, muzinthu zina (kupsyinjika m'mabanja ambiri, kusowa kwa mapuloteni, methionine ndi / kapena zina zomwe zimachitika), kudana ndi nyama kungatheke. Nthawi zambiri, ozunzidwa ndi anthu omwe anavulala kapena ali ndi vuto looneka bwino.
Earflaps amasankha kukhala mu phukusi, osamenyedwa kuchokera kwa abale awo, amadya ndikumwa madzi onse palimodzi, makamaka panthawi yomwe nkhuku zatuluka. Sakonda malo okhala ndi zinyama zina ndi mbalame, pofuna kukhala ndi mtundu wawo wina aliyense. Amagwirizana kwambiri ndi ziweto zosiyanasiyana (agalu, amphaka). Gulu lalikulu la mbalamezi mu malo opanda kusowa malo angayambe kusonyeza zachiwawa kwa zinyama zina, ndipo nthawi zina kwa anthu.
Kuthamanga kwachibadwa
Nkhuku za mtundu uwu zimakhala zovuta kwambiri komanso zosagwirizana ndi chibadwa cha amayi. Amakhala ndi njira yowonongetsera dzira, kuyesa kachiwiri kuti asasokonezedwe ngakhale chakudya ndi zakumwa, ndipo atangomva anapiye, samawasiya pafupi pang'ono, zomwe zimapatsa alimi mantha kwambiri kubereka.
Phunzirani momwe mungasankhire nkhuku nkhuku komanso mmene mungathere kuti mukhale ndi mazira mwachibadwa.
Ndikofunikira! Nkhuku za mtundu umenewu zimakhalanso bwino ndikuyamba kuyamwa mazira ndi mazira. Komabe, nkhuku zitatha, nkhuku imafunika kuyamwa mwamsanga, popeza pali mwayi waukulu kuti, pakuwona m'malo mwake, adzawapha.
Makhalidwe abwino
Polankhula za zokolola za nkhukuzi pa famu yanu, muyenera kumvetsetsa nthawi yomweyo earflaps ndi mtundu wokhala ndi mazira. Iwo samadziwika ndi kupindula mofulumira mofulumira komanso kumveka bwino, monga ma broilers kapena coquins, ndipo samaphatikizananso mwa iwo okha mphamvu za mtundu wa nyama ndi mazira yamazira, monga marketolies kapena amroxes.
Komabe, amachita bwino ndi cholinga chawo chachikulu - kunyamula mazira, komanso chikhalidwe chabwino cha amayi chimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzibala, ndikuwonjezera zizindikiro zawo zobala zipatso. Mwa tsatanetsatane za makhalidwe abwino a ubweya wa Chiyukireniya mungathe kuwerenga pansipa.
Kukula kwa dzira ndi chaka ndi chaka
Nthawi ya kutha msinkhu ndi chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri zomwe zimachitika pa mtundu umenewu. Choyamba, mazira oyamba nkhuku yaing'ono imatha kunyamula mwezi wachisanu ndi umodzi wa moyo wake. Izi zimapangitsa kuti akhale oyenerera kwambiri kuti aberekedwe m'madera akuluakulu a mafakitale akuluakulu, komwe kanthawi kochepa muyenera kupeza mazira ambiri.
Ndikofunika kudziŵa kuti mavitamini ndi ofunikira bwanji kuika nkhuku ndi chifukwa chake nkhuku sizigwira mazira.
Kawirikawiri mbalamezi zimakhala ndi malo ochepa pakati pa nkhuku zowonjezereka (mwachitsanzo, leggorn) ndi nyama ndi dzira. Pafupipafupi, chaka chimodzi chiyambireni kutha msinkhu, Ushanka akhoza kunyamula mazira 150-170, koma chiwerengerochi chikugwera pamene akukula. Mazira nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chigoba choyera ndi kulemera m'dera la 50-60 g.
Kuchepetsa ndi kulawa kwa nyama
Ushanka amafikira kulemera kwace kwa mwezi wa 5 mpaka 6 mutatha kuthamanga ku dzira. Kwa nkhumba, pafupifupi makilogalamu 3, ndipo nkhuku zimasinthasintha 2-2.5 makilogalamu. Nthawi zina, makamaka ngati vitamini-mineral supplements ayonjezedwa kudyetsa kuyambira ali aang'ono, nkhuku izi zimatha kufika kulemera kwake kwa mwezi wa 4 wa moyo.
Kuti mupeze nyama zamtengo wapatali, muyenera kubala mitundu yosiyanasiyana: Brama, Jersey Yaikulu, Cochinhin, Orpington, Faverol.
Ngakhale, mwa kulawa ndi zizindikiro zowonjezereka, nyama ya nkhukuzi ndizochepa kwambiri kwa mitundu ya nyama, komabe, imadya kwambiri, imakhala yochuluka kwambiri ndipo imakhala yochuluka. Chiuno ndi ntchafu zimakhala zowonongeka, mafuta, mosakhala ndi mitsempha mkati, mapiko ndi owuma komanso owopsa. 
Ndikofunikira! Nyama yokhala ndi earflaps ndi yabwino chifukwa yophika msuzi, chifukwa imagwirizanitsa minofu ndi minofu yambiri.
Zomwe amangidwa
Chipewa cha ubweya wa Chiyukireniya sichifuna zinthu zinazake zapadera zomwe zilipo, ndipo kawirikawiri, kuwasamalira sikunali kosiyana ndi kusamalira nkhuku zina. Komabe, pali mbali zina zapadera zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zomwe mukuzisunga ndikukulolani kuti mutengepo phindu lalikulu.
Zofunikira za Coop
Nkhuku ya nkhuku iyenera kukhala yayikulu mokwanira kotero kuti ngati mbalame iliyonse ili m'gulu la nkhosa ikhoza kupeza malo pamtengo, chisa, chisa kapena pansi. Mukawona kuti nkhuku zilibe malo okwanira mu chipinda, kuwonjezera kuzipangira ndi mitengo yambiri yopingasa, yomwe imatsogolere masitepe apamwamba a matabwa. Chiwerengero cha nkhuku chiyenera kukhala chofanana ndi nkhuku zomwe zimayambitsa nkhuku zotsatira, ndipo nambala ya zisa iyenera kukhala 1/3 ya chiwerengero cha mbalame. 
Ndikofunika kuti pansi mu nkhuku nkhuni inali nkhuni, izi zimapewa kuvulala ndi kuzizira kwa nkhuku pamtunda. Ngati pansi mu chipinda muli konkire kapena miyala - yesani kuziphimba ndi malaya kapena mafuta. Malonda ayenera kukhala ndi udzu, udzu kapena utuchi. Kutentha kwa nkhuku nkhu sikuyenera kuchepetsedwa kusiyana ndi + 15 ... +20 ° С, choyamba pa moyo wa nkhuku.
Ndikofunika kukonzekera chipinda chokhala ndi kuwala kokwanira, chifukwa nkhuku zimatengedwa pokhapokha ngati dzira lakhala litakhazikitsidwa kale. M'nyengo yotentha, zinyalala zimasintha katatu patsiku, ndipo ngati simusamanyamule, mungathe kuchepetsa kukonza kamodzi pamwezi. M'nyengo yozizira, zinyalala ziyenera kusinthidwa kawiri pa sabata kuti muteteze chitukuko cha matenda a mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana mu nkhuku zanu.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuteteza nkhuku zanu usiku kuchokera ku makoswe komanso / kapena nyama zina, yang'anani mosamala maonekedwe ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana pansi, malinga kapena padenga. Ngati zofooka zoterezo zikuwonekera, nthawi yomweyo tsanulirani poizoni pa makoswe ndipo mudzaze ndi simenti kapena konkire.
Yendayenda
Mphuno yamphuno siimasowa malo akuluakulu, nthawi zambiri gulu la nkhuku 10-15 ndilokwanira kukhala ndi bwalo lakulinganiza 3 × 4 mamita. Onetsetsani kusamalira kukhalapo kwa mpanda osachepera mamita 1.5, monga momwe zaka zambiri zimakhalira komanso nkhuku zimayamba Yesetsani kuthawa ndikupambana kudutsa mu mipanda yochepa. 
Bwaloli liyenera kupatsa mbalame mwayi wokumba pansi pofunafuna mphutsi ndi udzu, choncho zisamachite zogonana. Ngati mumakhala nkhwangwa, nkhwangwa kapena ziwombankhanga, zimalimbikitsa kubisa mabwalo a mbalame zoyendayenda ndi denga lakutsetsereka.
Odyetsa ndi omwa
Odyetsa ndi oledzera ayenera kukhala okwanira kotero kuti mbalame iliyonse panthawi ya chakudya chimodzimodzi pamodzi ndi onse a congeners akhoza kupeza malo pafupi nawo. Kuti tichite zimenezi, ndibwino kuti izi zikhale pakati pa mabwalo ndi makilomita 50 mpaka 70. Pa gulu la mbalame za 10-15, kawirikawiri nkhumba ziwiri ndi zakumwa ziwiri zakumwa zimakhala zokwanira.
Phunzirani momwe mungamangire nkhuku ndi oweta nkhuku ndi manja awo.
Momwe mungapirire kuzizira ndi kutentha
Chiyukireniya Ushanka ndi mtundu umene ukhoza kukhala wamkulu mulimonse, ngakhale nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Mvula yake yaitali komanso yambiri imamulola kuti azipirira mosavuta ngakhale chisanu choopsa kwambiri. Komabe, ali ndi miyendo yowonda kwambiri, motero, monga tafotokozera kale, ndi bwino kuyala zinyalala m'nyumba ya nkhuku m'nyengo yozizira.
Kutentha kumadziwika ndi mbalamezi zonsezi sizowonjezera kuposa kuzizira. Mavuto ena amatha kukhala ndi anthu omwe ali ndi mdima wakuda, chifukwa amatenga kuwala kwa dzuwa ndipo, motero, mbalame zotere zimatha kutentha kwambiri. Choncho, nkhuku zakuda nthenga zabwino zimakhala bwino kuti zisatuluke pa nthawi yomwe ntchito ya dzuwa imatchulidwa. 
Moult
Kawirikawiri timadzi timeneti timatuluka kumapeto kwa autumn - kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira, ndipo, monga lamulo, imasiya kuika mazira. Chodabwitsa ichi makamaka chifukwa chakuti nthawi ya molt thupi la mbalame limafuna kuchuluka kwa macronutrients, makamaka calcium ndi phosphorous, zomwe zimachitika popanga eggshell. Kuwotcha nkhuku akuluakulu ndizochitika chaka ndi chaka makamaka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chilengedwe.
Zomwe zimapangidwira zimayamba kuchokera pa khosi ndi mutu ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimafalikira pamtunda, mapiko ndi kumbuyo kumchira. Pogwiritsa ntchito molting, thupi la nkhuku limakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zosiyana siyana chifukwa chakuti nthawi ya nthenga, mitsempha yaing'ono yodutsa pansi pa khungu imawonongeka. Ndicho chifukwa chake sizingakonzedwe kutenga nkhuku mmanja mwanu panthawi ya molting. Njira yonseyi imakhala yowerengeka kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi itatu.
Ndikofunikira! Pofulumizitsa molting, tikulimbikitsidwa kupereka nkhuku m'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira chakudya chochuluka chomwe chingathe kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni.
Zimene mungadyetse gulu la akulu
Zakudya zabwino ndizofunika kwambiri kuti aberekedwe bwino komanso kuti mazira apamwamba aziwoneka bwino. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuonetsetsa kuti nkhuku zimalandira mapuloteni okwanira komanso zosakaniza, chifukwa zimathandiza kuti mazira apangidwe. 
Pano pali mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe ziyenera kuphatikizidwa mu zakudya za akuluakulu Ukraine earflaps:
- ufa wa clover;
- chakudya cha nsomba;
- mbatata yophika;
- masamba odulidwa;
- kabichi;
- kaloti;
- beet;
- mbewu za tirigu (tirigu, balere, etc.);
- nyemba (mphodza, nyemba, etc.);
- eggshell;
- yisiti.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi zofunikira za nkhuku zokonzekera chakudya.
Zimabereka
Nthenda yotere ya mtundu uwu imakhala ndi zizindikiro zazikulu. Malinga ndi chidziwitso cha boma, nkhuku 86% zimapulumuka kuchokera ku zinyalala zonse, ndipo pafupifupi 89% nkhuku zomwe zafika msinkhu wa miyezi umodzi. Chitani zomwe zikuwonetseratu kuti pokhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yokwanira, ziwerengerozi zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri. M'munsimu mudzapeza momwe mungakonzekerere bwino anapiye a mtundu uwu.
Kukuta mazira
Nkhukuyi ndiyomwe imatha kukhala mu 1 yokhala ndi mazira 10-15, Komabe, kusiyana kwa ziwerengerozi ndi kotheka, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa nkhono ndi kukula kwake nkhuku ili nayo. Roost ndi yabwino kwambiri kukonzekera kumalo akutali kwambiri a nkhuku nkhuku, kuimitsa ndi matabwa kapena kumanga zigawo za njerwa. 
Pafupi ndi chisa chake, m'pofunika kuika chiweto ndi kuthirira amayi kuti asasunthike kutali ndi ana ake amtsogolo ndipo iye, ngati angafunikire, akhoza kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga pamene akuukira mazira a mbalame zina kapena nyama zina. Ndondomeko ya makulitsidwe imapitirira pafupifupi masiku 19-21.
Kusamalira ana
Monga tanena kale, Ushanka wa Chiyukireniya ndi mayi wabwino kwambiri, motero, pangakhale kusowa kosamalira ana. Komabe, muyenera kutsimikiza pasadakhale kuti anapiye, atathamanga, samalumikizana ndi mbalame zina zazikulu, kupatula nkhuku zawo, chifukwa zingayambe kuzizira mpaka imfa ichitike.
Yesetsani kukonza mpata kwa anyamatawo, omangidwa kumbali zonse, ngakhale kuchokera kumwamba, chifukwa nthawi zambiri nkhuku zazing'ono zimakhala zowonongeka ndi mbalame zodya nyama. Lembani chiwerengero chofunikira cha odyetsa ndi akumwa pasadakhale ndikusamala malo awo. Yesetsani kukonza kuti anapiye ndi amayi awo azikhala ndi malo oyenda ndi udzu watsopano.
Chikudya Chakudya
Nkhuku zili ndi tsamba labwino kwambiri, kotero musayambe kuzidyetsa ngati nkhuku zazing'ono. Mu sabata yoyamba ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupatseni mapira okha kapena tirigu wosweka. Kuyambira pa sabata yachiwiri, pang'onopang'ono yonjezerani zakudya, kuwonjezera masamba ophika ndi mazira, nthambi, fupa chakudya, amadyera ndi yisiti. Nkhuku zikafika msinkhu wa miyezi itatu, mukhoza kuyamba kuzidyetsa pamodzi ndi mbalame zina.
Zochita ndi zoipa za mtundu
Ubwino wa mtundu uwu ndi:
- kudzichepetsa kwa nyengo;
- kuchuluka kwa nkhuku ndi mbalame zazikulu;
- kusalongosola kwa kukula kwa yard yosangalatsa;
- chibadwa chabwino kwambiri cha amayi;
- kupanga bwino mazira;
- kudya modzichepetsa;
- Kuwonjezera pa mazira, imaperekanso nyama zabwino.
- kulemera kwa anthu;
- kukula kwake ndi mazira;
- miyendo yovuta;
- nthawi yatha msinkhu;
- chitukuko cha kupha nyama chifukwa cha zinthu zina zachilengedwe;
- zovuta kulekerera nthawi ya molting.
Choncho, tikuyembekeza kuti nkhaniyi ikuthandizani kupeza mayankho a mafunso anu okhudza nkhumba ngati Chiyukireniya Ushanka. Ndipo ngati simukungosamalira mbalamezi ngati njira yopangira ndalama, koma yesetsani kuzifikira ndi moyo ndi zokhazikika, mutha kukhala ndi zosangalatsa zambiri. Mbuye wabwino kwa inu pa nkhani yovutayi!
Ndemanga
Inde, ngati mukusunga gulu la anthu ngati anthu a ku Moscow, zidzakhala zosangalatsa ... Koma izi! Koma muyenera kuwona zomwe zimachitika.
