Mmene mungamere ndi kukula nkhaka "Mtolo wamakono"

Nkhaka mitundu imasiyana mosiyana siyana - mawu opsa, kukula, njira yowunikira, kusankhidwa kwa zipatso, etc. Zingakhale zovuta kudziwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Koma omwe ali ndi munda amalinganiza kukula kwa nyumba yaing'ono ndipo nthawi imodzimodzimodzi ngati akuphwanya nkhaka, kuchotsedwa pamunda wawo wokhawokha kapena mwachikondi mchere m'nyengo yozizira, ayenera kulabadira mitundu yotchedwa maluwa (kapena puchkovye). Woimira wawo wowala ndi wosakanizidwa wa Beam Splendor.

Zamkatimu:

• Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola
• Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
• Nthaka ndi feteleza
• Mavuto akukula
• Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba
• Kukonzekera Mbewu
• Zokhudzana ndi malo
• Njira yobzala mbewu
• Kusamalira mmera
• Kuwaza mbande pansi
• Agrotechnics ikukula mbewu zowonekera
• Zochitika kunja
• Njira yobzala mbewu pansi
• Kuthirira
• Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira
• Masking
• Belt girter
• Kupaka pamwamba
• Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
• Kukolola ndi kusungirako
• Mavuto ndi malingaliro

Malingaliro osiyanasiyana

Mtundu uwu unayambika mu 2014 mu Mitsinje, kapena kuti yeniyeni, ku Chelyabinsk, inalembedwa mu 2015. Mwinilamulo ndi Aliluev A.V., wolima wotchuka wa agronomist-wolima masamba.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapangidwa makamaka pofuna kulima m'madera ozizira a Russia (Siberia, Urals). Zokonzeka kutseguka komanso malo otsekemera.

Chitsamba cholimba cha nthambi ya sing'anga ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono a mtundu wobiriwira amapanga ovary wa tuft mtundu, 3-7 zidutswa mu gulu lililonse. Maluwa onse ndi azimayi ndipo, motero, aliyense amamanga chipatso chopatsa zipatso, kuonetsetsa kuti akukolola kwambiri. "Kukongola kwa phulusa" kumatanthauza nkhaka za parthenocarpic, zomwe ena amanena molakwika kuti zimadzipangitsa kuti azikhala ndi mungu. Mitundu ya nkhaka yamakono imasonyeza kukhalapo kwa amuna ndi akazi - motero, wolima amayenera kubzala zomera zomwe sadziwika bwino kuti zibale. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kuti nkhaka iziyambe, kutenga "gawo lachitatu" - njuchi ndizofunikira.

Onani mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya nkhaka za parthenocarpic.

Mitengo yokhala ndi mungu wofiira imakhala ndi maluwa a onse awiri ndipo, motero, imatha kudzipitsa okha, yomwe, ndithudi, imakhala yabwino komanso yopindulitsa. Koma nkhaka za parthenocarpic zimangidwe popanda pollination - Maluwa awo onse ndi azimayi, zipatso, ndipo samasowa "mwamuna" (komanso mkhalapakati wa njuchi).

"Kukongola kwa chifuwa" ndi malo omwe amayamba kukhala ndi ana awo.

Kotero, pakati pa ubwino wa ndondomeko ya wosakanizidwa:

• chisangalalo;
• Kukaniza kutentha kwakukulu kusinthasintha, kuphatikizapo usana ndi usiku kutentha;
• Kukaniza kutentha kwakukulu, kuphatikizapo zovuta, zomwe ambiri nkhaka mitundu imalekerera kwambiri bwino;
• palibe chosowa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
• zokolola zambiri ndi malo ochepa;
• nthawi yaitali kwambiri ya fruiting;
• kukoma kwakukulu kwa zipatso;
• chilengedwe chonse cha zipatso mu njira ya ntchito yawo;
• Kupewa matendawa monga fodya monga powdery mildew, peronosporosis ndi brown spotting, komanso mavitamini okhwima.

Ndikofunikira! Zosiyana za parthenocarpic Nkhaka ndi kuti alibe mbewu.

Zowononga za "Bundle magnificence" zikuphatikizapo:

• mtengo wamtengo wapatali kwambiri wa mbewu ndi zosavuta kuti azikolola okha (zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zinyama zilizonse, koma zimaperekedwa chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo abwino poyerekeza ndi masamba apamwamba);
• zofuna zapamwamba pa kubzala kwa nthaka ndi kudyetsa;
• kusakhazikika kwa chilala (kuzimitsa nthawi zonse ndi kumasula nthaka kumafunika);
• kusalolera kwa namsongole (kuchepetsa kumafunika);
• kufunika kokonza bwino chitsamba kuti mupeze zokolola zapamwamba.

Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola

"Kukongola kwa chiphuphu" ndi gherkins (mawu awa amadziwika kuti amatchedwa aang'ono-fruited nkhaka mitundu). Kutalika kwa chipatsocho kumakhala masentimita 8 mpaka 11 - 60-80 g. Nkhuka zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe afupipafupi omwe ali ndi nsonga zochepa, timipira ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala timeneti tomwe timakhala tambirimbiri. Gherkins mtundu wobiriwira wowala ndi mthunzi wakuda pansi ndi mzere wofiira wamphongo kuchokera pa nsonga yopita pakati.

Kupereka zowonjezera kumabweretsa malingaliro.

Ndikofunikira! Mitengo ya nkhaka, yopereka zokolola za makilogalamu 25 pa mita imodzi, imatengedwa kukhala okwera-ololera. Zowonjezera za "Chokongola Chokongola" - makilogalamu 40 pa lalikulu!

Ndi chisamaliro choyenera kuchokera ku chitsamba chilichonse chingachotsere mpaka mazana anayi. Zotsatira zodabwitsa zoterezi zimatheka chifukwa chakuti nkhaka yakucha msanga kwambiri, ndipo fruiting nthawi imatha miyezi isanu, malingana ndi nyengo: zipatso zoyamba kucha mkati mwa masabata asanu mutatha kufesa, ndipo kukongola uku kumathera (mu mawu onse a mawu) kokha ndi kufika kwa chisanu choyamba. Osati kulephera ndi kulawa chipatso. Palibe pafupifupi kuwawa konse mwa iwo; nkhaka ndi zowopsya komanso zowopsya, koma nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zabwino kwambiri, ngakhale zokoma pang'ono, ndi zonunkhira. Zomwe zili zoyenera kudya mowa, komanso salting kapena pickling, ndipo pambaliyi zinasungiratu kuphulika koyambirira kwa gherkins.

Kusankhidwa kwa mbande

Nkhaka zimamera bwino kunja kuthengo, choncho, ngati palibe chilakolako kapena mpata wosokoneza ndi mbande, ndi bwino kubzala mbewu nthawi yomweyo kuposa kupeza chomera chomera.

Mukudziwa? Nkhaka sizomwe zimakhala zochepa kwambiri-kalori ya masamba onse (zosadabwitsa, kulingalira kuti chipatso ndi 98% madzi), koma iwo akhoza kutchedwa moyenerera zachilengedwe zowononga maganizo ndi zamatenda. Kuonjezera apo, zipatso zodabwitsazi zimathandiza kuthetseratu kupweteka kovutira (ngati mumamwa madzi ndi uchi), ndipo ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maski - bwino kusintha khungu la nkhope ndi khosi.

Mbeu zogula zimakhala ndi zotsatira zofunikira kwambiri: ndizosatheka kudziŵa molondola mtundu wa mbewu ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ponena za hybrids, vutoli ndilofunika kwambiri - popeza akhoza kukula okha kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe zagulidwa, zomwe zimadula mtengo (mwachitsanzo, mbewu zisanu zokha za "Chitsulo Choyendera" zidzawonongeka ndi ruble 90), mwinamwake kugwera mumsampha onyenga ndi kugula mmalo mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yodziwika, kukhala ndi ubwino wambiri, chinthu chosiyana kwambiri, ndi chapamwamba kwambiri.

VIDEO: MMENE MUNGASANKHE KOPEREKA KWAMBIRI

Koma ngati zifukwa zoterozo siziwopsyeze, Sankhani mmera umene uli nawo:

• osaposa masamba atatu kapena anai owona;
• mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira popanda tsatanetsatane wa chikasu;
• Maonekedwe atsopano ndi abwino: palibe kuwonongeka, zidutswa zouma za matenda kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amaloledwa (makamaka kuyang'anitsitsa pambali timapepala);
• Chophimba chokha (chikho): mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotseguka imayamba mizu molakwika.

Nthaka ndi feteleza

Koposa zonse, mchenga wosakanizidwayo udzamverera pamtunda wa mchenga kapena loamy popanda kulowerera ndale (pH mlingo uli mkati mwa 6-7). Mukhoza kupeza zotsatira zabwino pa nthaka yosavuta, koma pakali pano muyenera kuika mchenga pansi pa mlingo wa malita 20 pa mita imodzi iliyonse.

Ndikofunikira! Nthaka yowonjezereka kwambiri (pansi pH mlingo), yosafunika kwenikweni ndiyo kukula nkhaka.

Okonzeratu abwino kwambiri pa wosakanizidwa ndi solanaceae (tomato, mbatata, eggplant, tsabola), komanso kaloti ndi kabichi. Simungakhoze kubzala "magnificence mtolo" mutatha:

• mitundu yonse ya nkhaka, kuphatikizapo mitundu yosaoneka ngati Antilles, njoka, Mexico, zofiira, ndi zina;
• sikwashi;
• sikwashi;
• mavwende;
• mavwende;
• mtundu uliwonse wa dzungu.

Chinsinsi chopezera zokolola zambiri za gherkins ndi kukonzekera bwino kwa mabedi. Kuti tichite izi, kuyambira kugwa dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala ndi feteleza mchere (zowonjezera potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni), komanso kusintha ma acidity, omwe ndi:

• ngati acidity ndi yotsika kwambiri (pH mlingo uli pamwamba pa 7.4), bedi liyenera kutsanulidwa ndi yankho la acidic (1 ndi theka la supuni ziwiri za oxalic kapena citric asidi, kapena 100 g ya tebulo kapena viniga wa vinyo mu ndowa ya madzi);

Phunzirani momwe mungazindikire acidity ya nthaka panyumba.

• Pofuna kuchepetsa acidity (ngati pH ili pansi pa 6), nthaka imapindula ndi zamchere zamchere feteleza kapena ufa wa dolomite, choko, phulusa kapena laimu.

Chipale chofewacho chitasungunuka, bedi limakumba mpaka akuya bayonet, kenako mumayenera kupanga tabu la organic fertilizer, yabwino kompositi yonse. Malo okonzedweratu amathiriridwa ndi madzi ambiri ndipo amadzazidwa ndi filimu yomwe imathandiza kuti nthaka ikhale yotentha bwino.

Mavuto akukula

Kuti "Zokongola za Beam" zikhale zokondweretsa ife ndi zokolola zomwe analonjezedwa, kuwonjezera pa nthaka yachonde, nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti:

• kutentha kwakukulu;
• kuwala kwakukulu;
• zinyontho zambiri.

Mukudziwa? Sikudziwika bwino kuti ndiwe ndani amene ali wamtundu wa kanjedza yapamwamba mu kulima maluwa nkhaka. Komabe, pali ndondomeko yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a ovary anapezeka mmbuyo mu 1787 pakati nkhaka za zosiyanasiyana "Vyaznikovsky", ndipo chidwi poyamba anawapatsa iwo wotchuka Russian wolemba, katswiri ndi "gawo la nthawi" botanist Andrei Timofeevich Bolotov.

Kutentha ndilo vuto lalikulu la kupambana. Ngakhale kuti mtundu wosakanizidwawu umayamba kukula m'madera ozizira, umakhalabe chitsamba cha thermophilic. Pa kutentha pansi pa 12 ° C simungathe kuwerengera wochuluka wochuluka fruiting. Ntchito yabwino - kuyambira 25 mpaka 30 ° C masana ndi 15 mpaka 18 ° C usiku.

Kuwala kokwanira kumalinso chizindikiro chofunikira, ngakhale kuti sikofunika kwambiri. Nkhaka zimakonda kuti zobiriwira zawo zimatseguka kwa madzuwa a dzuwa la chilimwe.

Nkhumba zowonjezereka zimakhala zofunikira zonse m'nthaka (zosachepera 80%) ndi mlengalenga (75-90%), ndipo izi ziyenera kuwonetsedwa nthawi yonse yokula.

Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba

Nkhaka ndi zina mwa mbewu zomwe sizinakula kwenikweni kuchokera ku mbande. Akatswiri ena amati amalima mbewu nthawi yomweyo, pamene mbewu imakula mofulumira, koma kubzala n'kovuta. Koma pali kusiyana kwake: mbande zokonzeka bwino zimakulolani kukolola masabata angapo kusiyana ndi oyandikana nawo. Kumsasa umene ungalowe nawo, aliyense wokhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe akhoza kusankha yekha, koma ngati zosankhidwazo zimapangidwa motsatira mfundo yachiwiri, chinthu chofunika kwambiri sichifulumira kukwera.

Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa ku kusankha kwa mphamvu ya mbande. Phunzirani za ubwino ndi zovuta za kukula mbande mu mapiritsi a peat, makaseti, ma diapers.

Ngati mbande za phwetekere zimalimbikitsidwa kufesedwa kwa masiku makumi asanu ndi limodzi isanayambe kusankhwima kubzala, ndipo makapu ndi tsabola amapangidwa motalika kwambiri, ndiye nkhaka ingabzalidwe patatha masabata atatu, ndipo ngati muli ndi dzuwa kwambiri pawindo ndipo kutentha kumakhala kotsika - ngakhale patapita nthawi. Nkhuka zowonjezereka zakhala zikudwala kwa nthawi yayitali mutatha kuziika, ndipo chomeracho chimachotsedwa pamaso pathu!

Kukonzekera Mbewu

Kukonzekera kwa mbewu zokolola kumaphatikizapo ndondomeko yowonongeka ndipo, makamaka, kuyambitsa ndi kutseka. Komabe, "Kuthamanga Kwambiri" sikumasowa zochitika zoterezi.

Ndikofunikira! Mbadwo woyamba wa hybrids (iwo amatha kudziwika ndi kukhalapo pa envelopu ya dzina lakuti "F1" pambuyo pa dzina la zosiyanasiyana) sichiyenera kuyesedwa musanadzalemo, chifukwa zonse zoyenera ndi zokololazo zakhala zikuchitidwa ndi wopanga. Choncho, zotsatira zina zowonjezera pa mbewu za mankhwala kapena mankhwala ena zingawononge zomera.

Mitundu yosakanizidwa kawirikawiri imalangizidwa kuti afesedwe owuma, komabe, nkhaka, kutsogolo kofulumira kumera sikumapweteka. Mbeuyi imayikidwa pakati pa zigawo ziwiri za nsalu yonyowa (mungathe kutenga pepala lopangidwa m'magawo angapo, koma zimamera mbeu nthawi zambiri zimachokera muzitsulo, ndikuzichotsa, timayambitsa kuwononga mizu). Envelopu yosaikidwa imayikidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki ndipo imayikidwa pamalo otentha, makamaka pa betri. Ngati kutenthedwa kwambiri, yikani thaulo lamtengo wapatali kapena nsalu yowonjezera, ndipo ikani thumba la mbeu pamwamba.

Pambuyo masiku 2-3, mutsegule mosamala vesilopu ndikuyang'ana: yoyenera kubzala mbewu iyenera "kuthamanga" (kupereka mizu yaying'ono). Kulimbitsa ndi kukwera sikofunika, mwinamwake muzu udzatambasula ndikupotoza, ndiye kuti zidzakhala zosavuta kuswa.

Zokhudzana ndi malo

Nkhaka za mbande siziyenera kufooka (malingaliro pa nkhaniyi amasiyana, koma mbewuyo imakula mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo imapangitsa kuti zovuta zina zisawonongeke), kotero matepi omwe nthawi zonse amawathandiza sizowoneka bwino. Konzani makapu osiyana pa chitsamba chilichonse (chabwino - peat, izi zidzachepetsa nkhawa kuchokera kumalo omwe amatha kutseguka pamunsi osachepera). Dothi losakaniza la mbande zamtsogolo lingagulidwe pa malo apadera ogulitsa, ndipo mukhoza kukonzekera nokha mwa kusakaniza chiŵerengero cha 4: 1: 1 humus, peat ndi utuchi. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera zovuta zamchere feteleza (mungagwiritsire ntchito nitrophoska) ndi ufa wa dolomite kapena phulusa (supuni imodzi pa 10 kg ya nthaka) kwa gawo lopatsidwa.

Njira yobzala mbewu

Makapu okonzedwa amadzazidwa ndi nthaka kusakaniza pamwamba. Kenaka chisakanizo chapadera cha zakudya chimakonzedwa: 2 tbsp. makapu a mullein, 1/3 tbsp. spoons zamkuwa sulphate, 1 tbsp. supuni ya urea ndi 10 malita a madzi. Zonsezi zimakhala zowonongeka, madziwo amatha kutentha mpaka 40 ° C, pambuyo pake ayenera kukhala olemera kwambiri kuti asungunuke nthaka mu miphika, kuti dziko lapansi litseke. Kenaka gawo latsopano la nthaka ladzaza mu thanki, ndipo ndondomekoyi imabwerezedwa. Mbewu imayikidwa m'nthaka yokonzedwa motere, kenako nthaka yowuma 2 cm yakuda imathiridwa pamwamba.

Ndikofunikira! Mbeu imodzi yokha iyenera kuikidwa mu chikho chilichonse, popeza sikutheka kugawa nkhaka musanadzalemo, izi zikhoza kuwononga mizu. Ndipo kuchotsa chofooka chochepa, monga alimi wamaluwa nthawizina amachita, monga momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito ku wosakanizidwa wotsika kwambiri, zingakhale zolakwika.

Pambuyo pake, mphika ukhoza kuphimbidwa ndi kujambula filimu kuti ikhale ndi mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndi kuyika malo osungira mpaka mbeu yoyamba ioneke (mbeu zowumera izi zidzachitika mofulumira, masiku angapo). Pambuyo pake, filimuyo imachotsedwa, ndipo miphika imatulutsidwa kuti ikule pa sill yowoneka bwino.

Kusamalira mmera

Ngati mbande za "Beech Splendor" zimakonzedwa kuti zikhale malo otetezedwa (pansi pa filimu kapena galasi), kumamatira ku chiwopsezo cha kutentha sikungakhale kovuta: kutentha kwa chipinda chosatha kumakhala kokwanira. Koma chifukwa chokula mu nthaka, chomeracho chiyenera kuumitsidwa.

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha kutentha kwa nthawi mpaka mapepala oyambirira awonetseke - 25 ° C. Izi zikachitika, mukhoza kuika miphika pamalo ozizira ndi kukhalapo koyenera pakati pa usana ndi usiku kutentha. Ndibwino kuti madzuŵa azituluka 20-22 ° C, ndipo usiku 15-18 ° C. Chokongola pazinthu izi ndi malo abwino osamalidwa moyang'ana dzuwa. Ngati mbande ziri pawindo lazenera mkati mwa nyumbayi, simuyenera kutsegula zenera usiku kuti mupereke chinyezi, kuzizira kudzera mumlengalenga kungakhudze kwambiri mbewu. Makomere amadzi ayenera kukhala ochuluka, asanaimire madzi ndi kuwotcha mpaka 30 ° C. Ndibwino kuti tichite zimenezi m'mawa, kotero kuti chinyezi sichikuchepa mu nthaka yozizira, ndipo mulimonsemo sichilola madzi kuti afike pa masamba (kuthirira kumachitika mwamphamvu pazu).

Masiku angapo musanadzalemo, kuuma kwakukulu kwambiri kwa mbande kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi miphika yoperekedwa kunja - poyamba mwachidule, ndiyeno kenaka, pang'onopang'ono kubweretsa mbande kuti zizikhala mumsewu mpaka masiku onse.

Kuwaza mbande pansi

Mapangidwe nthawi ya nkhaka mbande amatha masabata awiri kapena atatu, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwala ndi kutentha. Koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa nthawi yobzala achinyamata zomera kutseguka nthaka, popeza mosayembekezera usiku frosts sangathe kupirira ngakhale ozizira zosagwira "Beam Zokongola".

Ndikofunikira! Pali chizindikiro cha dziko chomwe chimakulolani kuti mudziwe nthawi yabwino yobzala nkhaka pamalo otseguka. Mphindi uwu umagwirizana ndi nthawi yoyamba maluwa a lilac ndi chikasu mthethe.

Chomeracho chimafuna kutentha kwakukulu osati mpweya wokha, komanso nthaka - iyenera kutentha mpaka 10 ° C mpaka kuya kwa mizu, kapena masentimita 10.Matendawa angakwaniritsidwe mwa kuphimba bedi lokonzedwa ndi filimu pasadakhale.

Masiku angapo musanadzalemo mbande ayenera kusiya kuthirira. Choncho, ndizotheka kuchotsa mosamala chitsamba kuchokera ku chikho pamodzi ndi nsalu ya pansi, popanda kusokoneza mizu. Kwa mbande zopangidwa mu peat makapu kapena mapiritsi, lamulo ili silikugwira ntchito.

"Dothi Lokongola" limabzalidwa motsatira ndondomeko yomwe imatenga mtunda wochepa pakati pa zomera za 50 cm. Kubzala kumachitika motere: dzenje lakuya 10 cm limakumbidwa pabedi lokonzedwa bwino, 1 lita imodzi yothetsera potassium permanganate imatsanulidwira mkati mwa iyo kuti ikhale ndi disinfection, ndiye chipinda chadothi ndi chitsamba chimayikidwa mosamalitsa, nthaka imatsanuliridwa kuchokera kumbali zonse, ndipo dzenje likuyang'aniridwa mosamala.

Mukudziwa? Panthawiyi padziko lapansi pali mitundu yoposa mazana asanu ndi atatu ndi hybrids ya nkhaka.

Agrotechnics ikukula mbewu zowonekera

Nthawi yoyamba pambuyo pa kusakaniza, achinyamata nkhaka amafunika kutetezedwa ku zotheka usiku chisanu. Choncho, ndi zofunika kwambiri kumanga chipinda chaching'ono kwa iwo. Pochita izi, timagulu ting'onoting'ono timapangidwira pansi ndipo timakumbidwa pansi ndi mapiri awiri, pambuyo pake timapangidwa ndi filimu, ndipo m'mphepete mwace timaponyedwa pansi ndi kulemera kwake (mwachitsanzo, miyala kapena njerwa).

Mbewu ikalandiridwa bwino, ndipo nyengo imatha bwino, chisamaliro cha "Puchkov ulemerero" chidzachepetsedwa kokha kuthirira, kudyetsa, kutsegula ndi kupalira, komanso kukolola kwa nthawi yake.

Zochitika kunja

"Kulemera kwa mtolo" ndi kupambana komweko kungakhale wamkulu mu malo obiriwira ndi kumunda. Mtundu uwu ndi wabwino chifukwa umakula bwino popanda pogona ngakhale nyengo yozizira. Choncho, kusankha njira yolima kumangodalira zokonda za mwini munda, komanso, kukhalapo kwa wowonjezera kutentha.

Onani mbali za kukula nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha.

M'menemo, nkhaka sizingadalire ndi kusintha kwa kutentha; mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndi kosavuta kupanga nthawi zonse kutentha kwa mpweya, komanso, nthawi ya fruiting idzakhala motalika pang'ono. Koma, pamtundu wina, chotsitsa cha wowonjezera kutentha chimaphatikizapo zovuta zake - kufunika kokwera, zowonjezera ndalama zowonjezera kutentha, ndi zina zotero.

Phunzirani momwe mungapangire wowonjezera kutentha m'dzikoli ndi manja awo, komanso momwe mungapangire arc awo wowonjezera kutentha.

Malo oti chodzala amasankhidwe malingana ndi zokonda za mbeu - kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha ndipo, ngati n'kotheka, kutetezedwa ku mphepo, zomwe zingawononge mafunde aakulu ndi maburashi akuluakulu.

Njira yobzala mbewu pansi

Kubzala mbewu ya nkhaka ikhoza kuchitidwa mwachindunji pansi, popanda chiyambi cha mbewu. Pachifukwa ichi, mbeuyi imayikidwa pamalo osasunthika monga mwadongosolo (50x50 cm), kuti asawononge zomera ndi kuziika.

Ndikofunikira! Maganizo akuti greenhouse nkhaka amakhala otsika palatability ndi zolakwika. Ndipotu, gherkins zokoma kwambiri zimatha kukulira pansi pa filimu ndi pansi. Mofananamo, mulimonsemo, zotsatira zowonongeka n'zotheka. Zonse zimadalira kutsatira malamulo.

Ngakhale kuti mbeu za "Beech Splendor" ndi zamtengo wapatali, zimakhala zosayembekezereka kuyembekezera mbewu zozizwitsa zomwe sizinapangidwe pakulowera pansi. Izi zimangowonjezera kuti mbeu zochepa zimapangidwe pa bedi lokolola ndipo, chifukwa chake, zonse zidzatayika pafupipafupi zokolola.

VIDEO: KUSANKHA KWAMBIRI NDI MBEWU ZOTHANDIZA Zonse za matelo odzala zimasiyana pang'ono ndi mbande zomwe zimakula: nthaka imathiriridwa ndi zakudya zowonjezera (panthawi yomweyi mukhoza kuwonjezera chigawo chophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga potassium permanganate). Ndi bwino kupanga nthawi yomweyo kutentha, monga momwe anabzala mbande, kuti asachite ntchito ziwiri.

Nyengo ikayamba, ndipo zomera zimapanga masamba 4-5 woona, filimuyo ikhoza kuchotsedwa.

Kuthirira

"Kukongola kwa mtolo", monga oimira ena a mitundu, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuthirira madzi okwanira nthawi zonse, koma kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chofunikira kuti chitukuko choyenera chikhale chosiyana ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a kukula kwake.

Ndikofunikira! Nkhaka ayenera kuthiriridwa kawirikawiri ndi plentifully nthawi ya yogwira kukula ndi mapangidwe wobiriwira misa. Pambuyo poonekera mazira oyambirira, nthawi zonse kuthirira ndi kuchepa pang'ono, koma pamene gherkins ayamba kupanga, imawonjezanso, ndipo pambuyo pake imakhala yosasunthika mobwerezabwereza.

Ziribe kanthu momwe zimakondera zinyontho zowonjezera, zimapirira madzi ochulukirapo muzu kwambiri. Choncho, nthawi yamvula imathirira. Kupaka ulimi wothirira Ngati kuli bwino kuthirira nkhaka mbande m'mawa, ndiye zomera zimabzalidwa pamabedi - mosiyana, madzulo. Madzi panthawi imodzimodziyo ayenera kulumikizana ndi kutentha kwa mpweya. Madzi tchire ayenera kokha pansi pazu.

Mukhoza kumwetsa madzi a pulasitiki pamabotolo apulasitiki.

Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira

Kutsegula nthaka ndi kofunika mutatha kuthirira kuti muthe kuyanika. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa kulima Phala la Beam ndikutulutsidwa kwa namsongole nthawi zonse - amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zothandiza m'nthaka, komanso kuwonjezera apo, ndizo zonyamulira matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zomwe hybrid ya Ural sichikutsutsa.

Masking

Chinthu china chofunikira kuti tipeze zokolola zambiri za "Kukulitsa Magnificence" ndi mapangidwe abwino a chitsamba.

Wosakanizidwayu amadziwika ndi kudzidziletsa kwa nthambi monga mwa mtundu wachiwiri: chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa gherkins kucha pa waukulu tsinde, mbali ikuwombera sangathe kukula mwamphamvu. Koma ndifunikanso kuonetsetsa kuti chomeracho chimakhala ndi tsinde limodzi, - chifukwa cha ichi, kuchapa kwa zipatso pamanja ambiri kumatsimikiziridwa. Pasynkovanie yoyamba inachitikira pa mlingo wachitatu ndi wachinayi. Pambuyo pake muyenera kuchotsa mphukira zonse zomwe zomerazo zidzaponyera pambali. Choncho, mapepala okha ndi "bouquets" omwe ali ndi maluwa ndi mazira oyambilira ayenera kukhala pachimake chachikulu, palibe nthambi zazing'ono.

Belt girter

Pali njira yokula nkhaka popanda garter, pamene zomera zimaloledwa kuti zisunthire pansi. Koma chifukwa cha mitundu ya mtolo, njirayi si yabwino, ndipo ambiri ali ndi zolakwa zambiri.

Makamaka Garter imapereka:

• kukulirani chiwerengero cha zomera pa malo osachepera (tsinde limayambira ndipo satenga malo ambiri m'munda);
• Kuunikira kwakukulu ndi kofananirana kwa mtundu wina uliwonse (ngati chikwapu chiri pansi, izi sizingatheke);
• Kukonzekera kosavuta kwa tsinde (kuchotsa mbali kumbali ya tsinde lakukula kumakhala kosavuta, kotero izo zimawoneka bwino);
• Kukula kwa mbeu yapamwamba (ndikovuta kupopera phesi lakugona);
• Zosavuta komanso zokoma zokolola (zipatso zonse zili pamtunda, palibe chifukwa chokotama);
• kusowa kwa zosokoneza zomwe zokwawa zimapangidwira wina ndi mzake;
• kusowa kukhudzana ndi dziko lapansi, ndipo chifukwa chake, kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda ndi matenda opatsirana.

Ndikofunikira! Kukongola kwakukulu "Kukulumikiza ulemerero" ndi maburashi ambiri obala zipatso pa phesi ndizofunikira.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya garter:

• Zosakanikirana (zothandizira ziwiri pambali pa bedi ndi ulusi utambasulidwa pakati pawo);

• chowonekera (chitsamba chilichonse chimaperekedwa ndi munthu "phokoso" - nsonga kapena chithandizo china, pomwe zomera zimayenda);

• Nkhungu (yofanana ndi yowoneka, koma m'malo mwa tchire lokhalitsa loperekedwa ndi mandala apulasitiki kuti athandizidwe).

Zonse mwazinthu zomwe zatchulidwazo ndizofunikira "ulemerero waukulu", ngakhale kuti ukonde ndi wofunika kuti mitundu yambiri ikuwombera, yomwe siyiyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yowona ya garter ndi yabwino kwambiri kutseguka, ndi yopingasa - kwa malo obiriwira omwe kutalika kuli kochepa.

Kupaka pamwamba

Zokolola zazikulu za "Beam Splendor" zimafuna nthawi zonse feteleza. Mwa njira, mbaliyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mitundu yonse ya maluwa nkhaka.

Kuwonjezera pa kuthirira feteleza musanabzala, chomeracho chiyenera kubwereza njirayi patatha masabata awiri mutatha kupanga gherkins yoyamba. Manyowa oyambirira ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza a nitrojeni, idzafulumizitsa mapangidwe a maburashi atsopano.

M'tsogolomu, feteleza ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi kusintha kwa mbeu ndi mchere feteleza. Pakati pa oyamba, ubwino ndi kupereka kompositi. Manyowa ndi zitosi za mbalame ndizochepa zopindulitsa - amatha kuwononga nthaka ndi nayitrogeni, yomwe imakhudza kwambiri zokolola ndi ubwino wa zipatso, komanso kuyatsa mizu yovuta kwambiri ya nkhaka.

Kuchokera ku feteleza zamchere, mungagwiritse ntchito zosakaniza monga "Master", "Crystal", "Mortar" ndi zina zowonjezera.

VIDEO: KUTHANDIZA ANTHU OTHANDIZA PAMODZI

Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa

Ngakhale kuti Mlengi wa "Zokongola za Beam" akunena kuti matendawa akutsutsana ndi matenda enaake a "nkhaka", nkhalangoyi imathabe kudwala matenda a fungal, makamaka oyera ndi mizu yovunda. Yoyamba imakhudza zipatso, kuzipanga kukhala zofewa ndi zonyansa zowonongeka, yachiwiri - mbewu yokha. Pazochitika zonsezi, chifukwa chake ndipamwamba kwambiri chinyezi. Kuonjezera apo, matendawa akhoza kuyambitsa kutentha kwachangu kapena kuphwanya kachitidwe kowonekera.

Pomwe pali zovunda zoyera, kawirikawiri zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zithetse dera lomwe zakhudzidwa, koma poyerekezera ndi "Zokongola za Beam" zomwe zimapangidwa mu tsinde limodzi, uyenera kuchotsa chitsamba chonsecho. Tsogolo lomwelo likuyembekezera zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mizu zowola. Choncho, ndi bwino kuteteza chitukuko cha matenda, kuyang'ana mpweya wokwanira (chifukwa cha wowonjezera kutentha) ndi kupewa madzi. Monga njira yowononga, mukhoza kuthanso chomeracho ndi mkuwa sulphate ndi urea (moyenera, 2 ndi supuni 1 pa chidebe cha madzi).

Ndikofunikira! Mankhwala opangira mazira oyera ndi mizu amapitirirabe m'nthaka, choncho ngakhale atachotsa zomera mmenemo, vuto silingaganizidwe kuti linatsimikiziridwa mpaka kutayika kwathunthu kwa dothi kumakhala ndi fungicide wamphamvu kapena bleach youma.

Pa tizirombo za nkhaka, whitefly ya kutentha ndi yoopsa kwambiri. Mphungu ya greenfly Mphutsi zake zimapezeka kumbuyo kwa masamba. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sikuti timangoyamwa madzi kuchokera ku ziwalo zobiriwira, koma timayambitsa matenda enaake omwe ali ndi fungus.

Kwa mankhwala opatsirana ndi mankhwala, kupopera mbewu ndi Verticillin pa mlingo wa 250 g wa mankhwala pa chidebe cha madzi kapena Inta-vir (mapiritsi atatu pa buku limodzi) amagwiritsidwa ntchito katatu ndi sabata limodzi.

Kukolola ndi kusungirako

Mbali ina yeniyeni ya "Chomera Chokongola" ndikuti kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri, nkhaka zikukula zichotsedwe mwamsanga. Kukula, sikungowonongeka zokhazokha, komanso kumachepetsa kukula kwa "abale," kotero kuti iwo omwe asankha kuyesa kukula kwa fodya m'madera awo ayenera kukonzekera kukolola tsiku ndi tsiku.

Nkhaka zowonongeka. Mu firiji, nthawi zambiri amagona masiku osachepera asanu, pamatentha amayamba kuvunda mofulumira.

Zipatso zidzakhalabe zatsopano motalika kwambiri:

• Zowuma (zowonongeka mu nyengo youma, osasamba);
• chogwirizana;
• osati kupitirira.

Popeza kuti "Zokongola za" Beam "zimaphatikizapo kubwezeretsa nkhaka zatsopano tsiku ndi tsiku, palibe chifukwa choyesera kusunga mbewu. Zomwe zingatheke ngati zingakhale zogwiritsidwa ntchito mwamsanga, ndizowonjezera zipatso zomwe zatengedwa masiku awiri ndikuyamba kukolola. Monga kuyanjanitsa bwino mungathe kupanga mchere wamchere: ndi mofulumira komanso chokoma. Chomeracho chidzakhala chokonzekera kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito masiku 4-5 ndipo kale mu mawonekedwe awa chikhoza kuyima mufiriji kwa masabata angapo.

Pezani momwe mchere wamchere umathandizira ndi kuphika kwawo.

Mukudziwa? Nkhaka, zomwe dziko lakwawo ndi India, China, Japan ndi gawo la kumadzulo kwa Asia, tsopano zafalitsidwa pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Choncho, ku Russia kokha kumene kuli kulimilira mahekitala 90,000. Kulimbana ndi chikhalidwe ichi ndi China, India, Japan, USA, UK, Germany ndi Ukraine.

Mavuto ndi malingaliro

Chosakanikirana "Chokongola cha Beamu" chiri ndi ubwino wochuluka, koma kudzichepetsa sikutanthauza kwa iwo. Kukula gherkin kumaperekanso mavuto osiyanasiyana. Mwinamwake yankho la funsolo, chomwe chimayambitsa vuto ndi momwe lingathandizire chomera, mudzachipeza mu tebulo ili m'munsiyi.

Mitengo ya maluwa ndi kupambana kodabwitsa kwa kusankha, chifukwa amapereka mwayi wochulukitsa zokolola m'madera ochepa kwambiri. "Kulemera kwa mtolo", kuphatikizapo zokolola zosaneneka, zili ndi ubwino wambiri wowonjezera, kuphatikizapo chisanu chozizira kwambiri, chomwe sichinthu chodziwika bwino ndi chikhalidwe chotentha cha masamba. Mtundu uwu ndi wovuta kwambiri ndipo sungakhululukire zolakwika zomwe zingatheke mu "pempho", koma ngati mutha kukwaniritsa zovuta za Ural gherkin, mphotho ya chikondi ndi chisamaliro idzakhala yokolola mokwanira nkhaka zabwino kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira komanso yophukira!