Zinyama zimagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zosiyanasiyana, koma ntchito yaikulu kwa alimi ambiri sizitsamba zathanzi zokha, komanso kupindula mwamsanga. Pachifukwa chimenechi, zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ndi chiyani, ndipo subspecies ndi ziti zomwe zingagawidwe mu zakudya zakuya - kuwerenga.
Ndi zotani
Zakudya zowonjezeka zazomera zimayimilidwa ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimakhala ndi nyemba ndi tirigu, tirigu, komanso zowonongeka kuchokera ku mafakitale ndi zinyama, zomwe zadutsa kale siteji yopera ndi kuyeretsa.
Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, chakudya ichi chimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zopindulitsa, kuphatikizapo fiber. Zikhoza kudyetsedwa wouma kapena zowonongeka ndi udzu kapena udzu. Ganizirani mbali zonse zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimadya kwambiri.
Mbewu za tirigu
Mbewu, balere, tirigu, oats, rye ndi zina zotere ndizo zikuluzikulu za zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zamagetsi. Pafupifupi 2/3 a tirigu wambiri ndi wowuma, womwe uli pafupifupi thupi lonse.
Chakudya chochuluka cha chakudya chokhazikika chimatsimikizira kuti chakudya chambewu chimakhala chamtengo wapatali, chomwe chimadya chakudya cha 0.95-1.35. mayunitsi pa makilogalamu 1. Pa nthawi yomweyi, puloteni ya tirigu imakhala ndi mtengo wapatali.
Mukudziwa? Banja la bambowa ndilo la mbeu yambewu, koma poyerekeza ndi zomera zomwe zimakula, zimakhala zenizeni, chifukwa mitundu yake imakula mpaka 3800 m!
Mbewu za nyemba
Poyerekeza ndi mbewu zam'mbuyomu, mapuloteni ambiri ndi lysine amapezeka mu nyemba zobiriwira (zomwe zimapangitsa kuti amino asiye mu nkhumba zakudya), ndipo oimira gululi ndi nandolo, soya ndi lupini, ngakhale nthawi zina pali chakudya chomwe chimakhala ndi wiki, lenti, nyemba zowonjezera.
Pea Oyenera kuyamwitsa nkhumba, chifukwa muli 220 g ya mapuloteni ndi 15 g ya lysine pa kilogalamu. Malingana ndi kufunika kwa chilengedwe, ili pafupi ndi chakudya cha soya ndi chakudya cha nyama, chomwe chili ndi mapuloteni ofanana. Kawirikawiri m'magawo odyetserako ziweto ankaphatikizapo 10% a nandolo.
Pezani zomwe zikugwirizana ndi nyemba.
Soy Imatengedwa kuti ndi nyemba yamtengo wapatali kwambiri, chifukwa ili ndi mapuloteni okwana 33% - mitundu yonse ya zomera. 1 kg makilogalamu 21-23 g a lysine, omwe amachititsa mapuloteni a soya pafupi ndi gawo la mapuloteni a nyama.
Komabe, zida zotsutsana ndi zakudya zimapezeka mu soya, chifukwa chake ntchito ya soya muzing'onong'ono ndi zakudya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha zitaperekedwa kale: mwachitsanzo, kuziwotcha kapena kutulutsa.
Ngati mukukula nkhumba, ndiye kuti muyenela kudyetsa kudyetsa nkhumba lupine. Izi ndizigawo zabwino kwambiri zamapuloteni, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri popatsa zinyama mbatata.
Kuwonetsa zosakanizidwa
Pambuyo pokonza zokolola zosiyanasiyana, zimakhala zowonongeka, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito podyetsa ng'ombe ndi nkhumba. Mwachitsanzo, keke ndi ufa, otsalira mutatha kukonza mbewu za soya, mpendadzuwa, thonje, fulakesi ndi mapeyala, zili ndi 31-45% ya mapuloteni opanda pake.
Zouma zouma za beet - chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha ruminants, kotero chimayambitsidwa kudya zakudya zazing'ono monga njira yotsalira (nthawi zambiri mpaka 10% polemera).
Pezani momwe mkate wa mpendadzuwa ndi chakudya zimasiyana.
Imodzi mwa mitundu yowonongeka yopangidwira ndi molasses - kusakaniza kwa ma hydrocarbon, komwe kuli pafupifupi 50% ya shuga ndi 10% ya zinthu zamtrogenous (makamaka mbali zina zopanda mapuloteni). Kutentha kwambiri kwa shuga kumathandizira kuti kudyetsa kuchepa.
Ngati n'kotheka, mungagwiritse ntchito kusokoneza mowa kapena kumwa mowa, mwachitsanzo, pepala. Mu nthaka yowuma, chinthu ichi chidzakhala chinthu chofunikira cha chakudya chilichonse chimene chingagwiritsidwe ntchito podyetsa nkhumba komanso kupulumutsa tirigu.
Beet zamkati (granule)
Mitundu yothandizira
Zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa, zomwe zingasinthe khalidwe lawo ndikuthandizira kuyanjana kwabwino ndi zigawo zina. Pali njira zingapo zomwe zingasinthidwe, timalingalira zotchuka kwambiri.
Kusamba
Gawo lokonzekera limeneli ndilofunika kuti nyemba ndi nyemba zikhale zofunikira, chifukwa kungomenya kapena kusaya kungathe kuwononga chipolopolo cholimba, motsogolere tsaya la chakudya ndi zinyama. Kuphatikiza apo, tirigu wosweka ndi ophweka kwambiri kuphatikiza ndi mitundu yambiri ya zakudya zowonjezera.
Mlingo wopera udzadalira zaka ndi mtundu wa nyama. Choncho, kuyambira ali wakhanda, ndi bwino kudyetsa ana a ng'ombe ndi nkhumba ndi tirigu wothira bwino (osapitirira 1 mm), koma kwa akuluakulu omwe amaimira kukula kwake akhoza kukhala 1.5-2 mm. Njere zosweka zimapereka mitundu yonse ya zinyama, kuziphatikiza ndi mizu ya mbewu, silage ndi udzu wodulidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Popera mbewu za mbewu, gawo la wowuma limasandulika kukhala monosaccharides, motero zimapatsa tirigu sweettaste. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuteteza kwa mapuloteni, mapuloteni amatha kuchepa komanso kuthekera kwa kupeza amino zidulo.
Chimanga chosweka
Malting
Kugwiritsa ntchito kotereku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzetsa zokoma za tirigu (makamaka balere, tirigu ndi chimanga), kotero kuti zinyama zimakonda kwambiri kudya chakudya chomwe akufuna. Chofunika kwambiri cha ndondomekoyi chachepetsedwa kuti chikhale ndi zotsatira za kutentha kwapamwamba, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zowonjezereka komanso zowonjezera.
Izi ndi zabwino popatsa ana a nkhumba oyamwitsa ndi omeza kuyamwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito tirigu wambiri, mukhoza kutenga 50% ya kuchuluka kwa chakudya chokhazikika).
Ndizosangalatsa kuphunzira momwe mungapangire nkhumba ndi nkhuku zanu ndi manja anu.
Kunyumba, kuphunzitsidwa kotereku kungatheke mwa kuika gawo la kuika kwa maola angapo mu kapu kapena madzi otentha (85-90 ° C). Pankhaniyi, kwa 1 makilogalamu chakudya ayenera kukhala 1.5-2 malita a madzi, ndi ankawaviika tirigu, ndi zofunika kuti nthawizonse akuyambitsa.
Kuonetsetsa kuti chakudyacho chimawotchera kwa nthawi yaitali, chimadzaza ndi masentimita asanu (5 cm). Chotsatira chapamwamba kwambiri chotsutsana ndi kukalamba chimapezeka pa kutentha kwapakati pa 60-65 ° C.
Malting feed: kanema
Yiti
Mothandizidwa ndi yisiti, n'zotheka kuwonjezera kwambiri kudya kwa mapuloteni m'thupi la nyama. Pakukonzekera, njereyo imapindula ndi mapuloteni, omwe ali ndi phindu lalikulu la chilengedwe (kuchuluka kwake kumawonjezeka pafupifupi magawo awiri).
Gawoli liri ndi zidulo zonse zofunika ndipo ndi 90-95% yotengeka ndi thupi, lomwe limasunga mpaka 25 peresenti ya chakudya choyikirapo. Kuonjezerapo, kugwiritsa ntchito zoterezi kumapindulitsa thanzi la nyama, panthawi imodzimodziyo kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola ndi 15-20%.
Dzidziwenso ndi malamulo okonzekera msipu-mtundu wa zakudya.
Yiti ikhoza kuchitidwa ndi chithupsa, bezoparny ndi fermenting njira, koma mulimonse mwa iwo yisiti ndi madzi otentha amagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe tirigu amathira.
Dyetsa yisiti
Kuthamanga
Njira imeneyi ya chakudya choyendetsedwa bwino imayesedwa bwino kwambiri, chifukwa imathandiza kuti kusintha kwakukulu kukhale kovuta, kusinthika kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni, starch, fibre komanso zakudya zina.
Chofunika kwambiri cha ndondomeko yotchedwa extrusion ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito (mwachitsanzo, kuponderezana kapena kukangana) pa njere, yomwe imapezeka panthawi yomwe imayenda kudzera mu makina osokoneza bongo komanso "kupasuka" pamene chimbudzi chimachotsedwa pamakina (chifukwa chake ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi).
Kuthamanga kumapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tisawononge mapuloteni ndi maselo osakaniza, kutembenuzira ma molekyulu kukhala dextrins, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyama zifikire.
Zakudya zopangidwa bwino zimakhala ndi zonunkhira zabwino za mkate wophika komanso zosangalatsa zochepa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimadya zakudya zowonjezera zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola zakutchire komanso makamaka nkhumba.
Mukudziwa? Ngati mumakhulupirira akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale, ndiye kuti tirigu ndi umodzi mwa miyambo yakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kubwerera mu 1904, pansi pa Asigabat, anapeza mbewu, zomwe panthawiyo zinkawerengedwa, zinali pafupi zaka 5,000.
Kudyetsa abakha kudyetsa chakudya: kanema
Micronization
Izi zimaphatikizapo kutupa kwa njere ndi kusinthasintha, kuyanika ndi kusinthasintha maonekedwe a starch. N'zotheka kukwaniritsa zotsatira zofanana ndi Kutenthetsera mu uvuni wopalamula kuti ufike ku 100% +120 ° C kwa masekondi 20-40.
Chifukwa cha kutentha kwapamwamba, mapuloteni amaonongeka ndipo mapangidwe a zakudya amatha kusintha, zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa zinyama. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, micronisation imalola kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi chinthu cha 5-6, ndipo ngati chithandizochi chikupitirira masekondi 45, mabakiteriya a proteolytic adzatha.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti, chakudya chonse chokhazikika chimangotsala pang'ono kuchotsa tizirombo toyambitsa matenda.
Phunzirani momwe mungagwirire ndi nkhokwe ya weevil.
Micronzed Cornflakes
Chakudya chokwanira
Sikuti chakudya chonse chokhazikika ndi choyenera kwa nkhuku, nguruwe kapena ng'ombe, kotero kuti musanagule mawonekedwe ena, zidzakuthandizani kudziwa nokha ndi zofunikira za mtundu uliwonse wa ziweto.
Kwa mbalame
Nkhumba ndilo gawo lalikulu la chakudya chokhazikika, koma gawo lake likhoza kukhala losiyana kwambiri. Mtengo wa chakudya ukhoza kuwerengedwera kuchokera pa deta yotsatirayi:
Kwa nkhuku zabwino ndi chiŵerengero cha zigawo zikuluzikulu:
- chimanga - 50% ya misala yonse ya chakudya;
- tirigu - 15-20%;
- mkate kapena chakudya - pafupifupi 20%;
- mafuta owonjezera ndi choko - otsala 10%.
Ndikofunikira! Kawirikawiri, zonse zomwe zimafunika kuti nyama (mwachitsanzo, zinki kapena manganese) zikhale mu zakudya, pomwe mavitamini amabisala nyemba.
Kudyetsa nkhuku
Kwa abakha Mfundo zotsatirazi ndi zabwino:
- chimanga - 50%;
- tirigu wambewu kapena tirigu - 20%;
- oat kapena balere - pafupifupi 15%;
- nandolo - 10%;
- nthambi, mkate kapena yisiti - osaposa 5%.
Phunzirani zomwe zimadyetsa abakha kunyumba.
Ngati mukukula atsekwe ndi bwino kuganizira pazinthu izi:
- chimanga - osapitilira 20%;
- tirigu - 15%;
- balere - 20%;
- oats - 25%;
- chimanga cha tirigu - 19%;
- mchere - 1%.
Dziwani bwino chakudya choyenera cha goslings kuyambira masiku oyambirira a moyo.
Kwa turkeys Zigawo za chakudya chofunika kwambiri ziyenera kuperekedwa motere:
- chimanga - 35%;
- balere - 35%;
- ufa (masamba kapena nyama) - 15%;
- tirigu - 10%;
- chakudya cha mpendadzuwa - 3%;
- chimbudzi - 2%.
Phunzirani momwe mungamere nkhuku zapanyumba pakhomo.Nthawi zina zimatha kusiya pang'ono kuchokera ku zofunazi, koma nthawi zambiri gulu lililonse la zinyama liyenera kulandira chakudya mwachindunji chiŵerengero cha zakudya.
Kudyetsa nkhuku
Kwa ng'ombe
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chakudya chodziwika bwino pa ulimi wokhala ndi ng ombe kungathe kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa mkaka ndi zakudya zake, komanso kutchula makhalidwe abwino a nyama.
Ziwalo za nyemba zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino, zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, ndipo 20-30% (panthawi yamtendere) ndipo 60 peresenti ya ng'ombe zomwe zimakhala ndi mkaka wokhazikika zimaganiziridwa kuti ndizozoloŵera za tirigu wogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Phunzirani momwe mungapezere ng'ombe zonenepa bwino.
Nkhosa zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ponse pouma komanso mumtundu wa mushy, mutatha kusakaniza ndi madzi. Malo otsala omwe amawaikawo akhoza kukhala otetezedwa ndi soya, nyemba, barele ndi oats.
Kwa nkhumba
Chifukwa cha kulemera kwake komwe kumaphatikizapo (makamaka kukhalapo kwa mapuloteni ndi wowuma), ntchito yawo ndi yoyenera pamene ikuza nkhumba zomwe nyama zimakhala zabwino kwambiri ndi zokoma.
Mpaka makumi asanu ndi awiri (70%) ya tirigu akhoza kuikidwa mu zakudya za nyamazi poziyerekezera ndi zigawo zina mu chiŵerengero ichi:
- balere - 40%;
- tirigu - 30%;
- oats - 10%;
- chimanga - 10%;
- nandolo - 10%;
- mchere - supuni ya tiyi;
- choko ndi mavitamini - podziwa mwiniwake.
Phunzirani zonse zokhudza kudyetsa nguruwe: momwe mungapangire zakudya zabwino ndikusankha tekinoloje yoyenera.
Musanapereke nkhumba zosakaniza, tirigu, ndi zofunika kugaya bwino ndikuwonjezeranso zigawo zina. Pambuyo pothandizira phala m'madzi otentha, imaphatikizapo maola khumi ndi awiri asanayambe kutumikira.
Kuchulukitsa madzi m'thupi mwa nkhumba kumakhala pafupifupi 90%, kotero ngati mukufuna kusintha mafuta, mungagwiritse ntchito mbewu zamagulupu, kuwonjezera pa nyemba zowonjezera nyama. Kuperewera kwa lysine ndi amino acid mu zakudya zowonjezera kungathe kubweretsedwanso ndi nyama ndi mafupa ndi kupanga zotsalira za nyama zomwe zimasakanizidwa ndi chakudya chachikulu.
Kwa mbuzi
Mosiyana ndi ng'ombe, nkhumba ndi nkhuku, mbuzi sizimasowa nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimatanthawuza kuti zakudya zomwezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera, zomwe zimachititsa kuti thupi likhale labwino. Nthenda yabwino kwambiri ya tirigu mu nkhaniyi iyenera kukhala yosapitirira 30%, mwinamwake pamakhala mavuto omwe amapezeka m'mimba mwa nyama ndi kunenepa kwake.
Pamene kudyetsa mbuzi mu zakudya zawo nthawi zambiri kumakhala oats, ufa, balere, chimanga, mafuta ndi mafuta, pamene mbuzi imadyetsedwa ndi nyemba.
Onetsetsani malangizo ndi ziganizo za mbuzi zoyamba, zoyenera kusunga ndi kudyetsa mbuzi zamkaka.
Zakudya zowonjezera zingathe kuphatikizidwa ndi zosakaniza zopatsa chakudya, chifukwa tirigu wouma sali wokondweretsa zinyama ngati phala.
Chilolezo chovomerezeka cha zakudya zoyenera pa mbuzi ndi chonchi:
- tirigu - 30%;
- oatmeal - 20%;
- nthambi (makamaka tirigu) - 22%;
- nthaka ya tirigu - 9%;
- chakudya cha mpendadzuwa - 10%;
- yisiti - 5%;
- premixes - 3%;
- mchere - 1%.
Musanayambe kudyetsa nyama, zigawo zonse ziyenera kusakanikirana bwino ndikulimbikitsidwa m'madzi otentha kwa maola 12.
Mukudziwa? Mkaka wa mbuzi umatengedwa ndi thupi la munthu mofulumira kwambiri kuposa mkaka wa ng'ombe, motero ndibwino kuti anthu asasamalidwe. Komabe, pafupifupi 2/3 a anthu amakono sanayeserepo mankhwalawa konse.
Kwa nkhosa
Mmene nyamazi zimagwirira ntchito mosiyanasiyana zikufanana ndi malo komanso ziwalo za thupi la mbuzi, kotero kuti musagwiritse ntchito chakudya chambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, mlingo wa kupereka kwao ndi pafupifupi 200 g pa amai ndi 700 g pa amuna pa tsiku, ndipo kuti muthe kukwanira mapuloteni, mapiritsi ndi zakudya, mukhoza kusakaniza chimanga, nyemba ndi mafuta.
Nkhosa makamaka zimakonda chimanga, ngakhale zogawidwa zigawo zotsatirazi sizikhala zowonjezera:
- oats - 26%;
- balere - 25%;
- nthambi ya tirigu - 23%;
- chakudya cha mpendadzuwa - 13%;
- yisiti - 8%;
- phosphate yofiira - 3%;
- premixes - 1%;
- mchere - 1%.
Phunzirani momwe mungadyetse nkhosa kunyumba.
Zachigawozi zingatengedwenso ndi ena, chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti amakhalabe ofanana m'zinthu zawo. Choncho, njira yowonjezereka kwambiri idzakhala chimanga, nyemba, mkate.
Kwa akavalo
Pazigawo zonsezi, nyama izi zimakonda oats, mwa mtundu uliwonse: udzu, tirigu, ufa, kapena mafuta. Mahatchi sadzataya balere ndi tirigu, zomwe, mosiyana ndi oats, ayenera kuti aziphatikizidwa ndi zakudya zosakaniza.
Ndalama zofunikira za tirigu zimatsimikizika chifukwa cha zochitika zokhudzana ndi thupi ndi moyo wa nyama: oats ndi kuthandizira kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi tsiku lonse, rye ndi barele zidzakhala zakudya zabwino kwambiri zowonjezera zakudya zina, ndipo tirigu adzakhala oyenera ngati mukufunika kulemera mwamsanga.
Hatchi iyenera kulandira pafupifupi 30% ya kuziganizira tsiku ndi tsiku, koma mfundo izi ndizoyandikira: zambiri zimadalira moyo wa nyama iliyonse. Pomwe palibe katundu, 20% ya chakudya chokwanira chokwanira ndikwanira, ndi ntchito yowala (mwachitsanzo, kukwera kavalo) - 30%, ndi kukwera galimoto ndi kuvala - 40%, ndi ntchito yofiira - 50%, kugwira ntchito mwakhama - 60%, kuthamanga mofulumira kapena Mitundu - 70% ya chakudya chonse.
Ndikofunikira! Особенностью выдачи кормов при кормлении лошадей является необходимость их дробления, поскольку цельные составляющие плохо усваиваются желудком лошадей. Рожь или ячмень желательно запаривать в воде до их разбухания, чтобы исключить возможность появления колик у животных.
Monga chovomerezeka, mahatchi akhoza kukonzekera ndi kulumphira kwabwino, kusakaniza mofanana ndi mafuta ophika ndi yisiti ndikudya madzi onse otentha. Pakangotuluka msanganizoyo ayenera kukhala utakhazikika.
Werengani malamulo a kuswana akavalo panyumba.
Monga mukuonera, chakudya choyikira chingakhale mthandizi wamkulu kwa mlimi pamene akudyetsa mtundu uliwonse wa zinyama. Chinthu chofunikira kukumbukira ndizofunikira kwa nyama iliyonse ku chiwerengero cha zigawo zina, ndipo zifaniziro zapamwambazi zidzakukumbutsani izi.
