Mitundu yambiri yamitundu yambiri yambewu yamakono imakulolani kuti mukhale ndi zokolola zabwino, kuti mupatse banja lanu chakudya chokoma ndi chatsopano. Mitundu iliyonse imakhala ndi ubwino ndi zamwano, makamaka kulima. "F1" yosagonjetsa matenda a Chitchaina amatanthauza mitundu yambiri yobala komanso yobala zipatso, yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda. Timaphunzira kulera izi zosiyanasiyana, momwe tingasamalire bwino, kukolola ndi kusunga mbewu.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Nkhaka zosiyanasiyana "Chitetezo cha Chine F1" ndi membala wa Mzungu. Yopangidwa ndi zimayambira zamphamvu, yaitali, zosakwatiwa. Masambawa ndi ochepa, ama internodes ndi ochepa, maluwa ndi azimayi, safuna kuti mungu aziwombera ndi tizilombo. Zipatso ndizitali, 30 masentimita ndi zina zambiri, mawonekedwe osindikizira, mtundu wakuda wobiriwira. Zokolola za chitsamba chimodzi "Chitetezo cha Chitchaina" - pafupifupi makilogalamu 30 a nkhaka.
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana:
- matenda;
- chokolola chachikulu;
- kudzipangitsa;
- kukoma kwakukulu ndi kuwonetsera chipatso;
- Kukonzekera mosavuta ndi kulekerera bwino kopanda kuunikira;
- mwayi wokukula mu greenhouses ndi kutseguka pansi.
Zoipa za zosiyanasiyanazi ndizo:
- mbewu yosauka;
- choyimira;
- posakhalitsa masamu;
- kusakwanira kwa kumalongeza.
Mukudziwa? Makulu oposa 95% ali ndi madzi.
Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola
Mtundu uwu umatanthawuza kwa sing'anga oyambirira, yoyamba yokolola imaonekera patatha masabata asanu pambuyo pa kumera. Zokolola ndi zabwino kwambiri, zimatha chilimwe mpaka chisanu. Nkhaka ndizitali, 30-35 masentimita, ngati sizikukololedwa m'kupita kwa nthawi, zimatha kufika mamita 1. Pamwamba pa nkhaka zimaphimbidwa ndi mdima wonyezimira, wonyezimira, wonyezimira. Pansi pa chipatso ndilosalala. Thupi liri ndi kusinthasintha kwa sera yofewa, popanda voids, ndi mbewu zing'onozing'ono.
Onetsetsani mitundu yabwino kwambiri yokhala ndi mungu wokazinga.
Kukoma kwa chipatsocho ndi chatsopano komanso chosasunthika, chimakhala ndi chosowa pang'ono cha vwende, chosakhala chowawa, ndipo khungu ndi lokoma kwambiri komanso lokoma. Nkhaka imalemera pafupifupi 0,5 makilogalamu, wangwiro saladi. Angasungidwe m'firiji kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri. 
Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
Kulima nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito mbande. Mukhoza kukula nokha kapena kugula. Mbande zimayenera kusankha thanzi labwino, pafupifupi 20 cm wamtali, momwe timapepala 4 timapangidwira. Zosangalatsa pamene mbande zili mumapupa.
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Kukolola kotchulidwa kwa nkhaka zachi China kumadalira pa nthaka. Pokonzekera nthaka, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza watsopano, manyowa kapena humus ndikuwothira bwino. Udzu wa asidi sayenera kulowerera ndale. Nkhaka zimakonda kuwala, nthaka yachonde yomwe imakhala ndi zinthu zakutchire, nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi calcium.
Ndizosatheka kubzala nkhaka pamalo omwewo kamodzi kokha kamodzi pa zaka 4. Misika ili yoyenera mbewuyi mutatha kukula mbatata, chimanga, nandolo, ndi zitsamba zambiri.
Mukudziwa? Ngati mulibe nayitrogeni wochuluka m'nthaka, nkhaka imakula bwino ndipo imakhala ndi chipika. Chifukwa chopanda potaziyamu mawonekedwewa adzakhala ofanana ndi mapeyala, ndipo calcium imayambitsa kukoma kwa chipatso.
Mavuto akukula
Nkhaka zachi China ndi zomera zokonda kutentha, zimakonda kuwala, zimakula bwino ndi kutentha kwambiri (75% ndi pamwamba) ndi kutentha kwa mpweya pamwamba +15 ° C. Ndikofunika kuti dothi la chinyezi likhale la 80% kuti lifulumizitse ntchito zamasamba ndikuwonjezereka. Chikhalidwe sichimalola kulemba ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha. Mukakulira mu wowonjezera kutentha, kutentha kwapamwamba + 30 ° C sikungalekerere. Ndikofunika kutsegula wowonjezera kutentha kwa nthawi kuti achepetse kutentha.
Onani mbali za kukula nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Nkhaka ndi zomera zazing'ono masana maola. Maola khumi kapena khumi ndi awiri a masana a dzuwa ndi okwanira kuti chitukuko chikhale chokwanira. M'malo obiriwira, ngati kuli koyenera, gwiritsani ntchito magetsi opangira. Chofunika kwambiri kuti mulingo wabwino ukhale wowonjezera nthawi zonse ndikudyetsa zomera. Masamba sayenera kuloledwa, nkhaka iyenera kuthiriridwa tsiku ndi tsiku nthawi yotentha.
Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba
Mukhoza kukula mbande nokha kuchokera ku mbewu. Kuti muchite izi, m'pofunikira kukonzekera ndi kubzala mbewu masiku 25 isanayambe kuikidwa. 
Kukonzekera Mbewu
Kukonzekera bwino kwa mbeu kumathandizira kukulitsa miyeso ndi kufulumira kumera. Njirayi ndi iyi:
- Mbewu imatsanuliridwa ndi madzi ozizira, pambuyo pa theka la ora, mbewu zina zimamira pansi, ndipo zina zimatsalira kuti ziyandama pamwamba. Mbeu zotsalira pamwambazi sizosafota, zimatha kuthiridwa pamodzi ndi madzi.
- Pofuna kuwononga matenda osiyanasiyana, mbewu zimatha kuthandizidwa ndi njira yowonjezera ya potaziyamu permanganate. Mbewu imamizidwa mu njira yothetsera theka la ora. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukula, monga Appin, imathandizanso kuonjezera mbeu kumera.
- Pambuyo pa mankhwala onse, mbewu zimatha kumera. Chidebe chokhala ndi nsalu yonyowa ndi choyenera ichi. Mbewu zimafalikira pa nsalu ndipo zimaphimbidwa ndi nsalu yomweyo yonyowa pamwamba, kuikidwa pamalo otentha ndikuonetsetsa kuti nsaluyo siuma. Pambuyo pa masiku angapo, nyemba zimayamba kumera, zimayenera kuikidwa pansi.
Werengani za mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya nkhaka zaku Chinese.
Zokhudzana ndi malo
Nkhaka ndi mosavuta wamkulu mu makapu kukula mbande. Pofuna kupanga mizu yoyenera, chikho cha kapu chiyenera kukhala osachepera 300 ml. Mukhozanso kusamba, mtunda wa pakati pa mbeu uyenera kukhala wa masentimita 5 mpaka 10. Zikhomo kapena malo osambira zimakhala pamalo otentha ndi dzuwa, mukhoza ku khonde.
Njira yobzala mbewu
- Mphamvu yodzala ndi nthaka. Mukhoza kugula nthaka yokonzekera kuti mukhale ndi zomera zamkati kapena muzikonzekera ku malo ena a peat, humus, sod ndi matabwa a matabwa omwe kale anali otukuka ndi madzi otentha.
- Mu thanki ndikofunika kupanga dzenje lakuda. Mbewu yomwe imabzala 2 masentimita, madzi ndi mafilimu. Pakatha sabata ndi hafu mphukira, filimuyi imachotsedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti mupeze mbande zabwino ndi mbewu za nkhaka, nyemba zimabzalidwa mu mphika. Musanadzalemo mbande kudula nyemba.
Kusamalira mmera
Ndikofunika kuthirira mbewu nthawi zonse masiku atatu ndikuyang'ana kutentha kwa mpweya, kutentha kwakukulu ndi +22 ° С. Sitingalole kupuma kwa chinyezi, tsiku lowala liyenera kukhala maola 10-12. Patangotha sabata isanafike, mbande zimatha pang'onopang'ono. Amaika mpweya wabwino kwa nthawi ndithu, kutsegula zenera pa khonde, chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti pasakhale ma drafts. Mbeu zathanzi ziyenera kukhala zobiriwira zakuda ndi zochepa zamkati.
Kuwaza mbande pansi
Mbande zikhoza kupalesedwa pansi ndi mapepala 2-4, pafupifupi masiku 25 mutatha mphukira. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yotenthedwa, mu wowonjezera kutentha iyo ili ndi filimu kwa masiku angapo. Njirayi ndi iyi:
- Tsiku limodzi musanadzalemo, mbande mu makapu amathiriridwa mochuluka, kotero kuti pang'onopang'ono akhoza kutulutsidwa mosavuta pamodzi ndi nthaka popanda kuwononga mizu.
- Pa bedi lokonzeka, mizere imapangidwa ndi kutalika kwake kwa masentimita 25, mtunda wa pakati pa mizera uli pafupifupi masentimita 60.
- Pamphepete mwa mapiri mumakumba mabowo pamtunda wa masentimita 25 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzache, kukula kwake kumakhala kochepa pang'ono kuposa galasi ndi mbande.
- Kuti muwononge nthaka m'zitsime, mukhoza kutsanulira pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate, ndiyeno madzi omveka.
- Mbeuzo zimachotsedweratu kuchoka mu chikho pamodzi ndi nthaka ndikuyikidwa pakatikati pa dzenje, kudula nthaka mozungulira mmera. Khosi lazu liyenera kukhala 1-2 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka.
Mitengo yotereyi imasiyanitsa ndi zokolola zabwino: "Maluwa", "Aliyense ali ndi nsanje", "Chozizwitsa cha Chitchaina", "Puchkovoe magnificence", "Phoenix 640", "Paratunka", "Chibonga cha Siberia", "Amur f1", "German".
Agrotechnics ikukula mbewu zowonekera
Nkhaka zachi China zimatha kukulira pamtunda, ngati nyengo ikuloleza. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe cha thermophilic, ndi kutsika kwakukulu kutentha kumafa.
Zochitika kunja
Mukakulira mu wowonjezera kutentha, nkhaka zimakhala zosavuta kuteteza ku kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha, mukhoza kupanga ma microclimate abwino, chinyezi, zokolola zidzakhala zapamwamba, mbewu yoyamba idzaonekera kale.
Kumalo otseguka, m'pofunika kusankha malo otentha otetezedwa ku mphepo kumbali yakum'mwera, kutali ndi mitengo, mipanda ndi nyumba zina. Nkhaka akhoza kubzalidwa lotseguka nthaka pa mpweya kutentha pamwamba +18 ° C. Onetsetsani kuti muzimangiriza zitsulo ndikuwongolera ulimi wothirira.
Njira yobzala mbewu pansi
Ndi bwino kwambiri kukula nkhaka mbande mu miphika, ndiyeno kuzibzala pansi. Komabe, nyembazo zingabzalidwe mwachindunji pansi, pamene ziyenera kutenthedwa kufika mpaka +15 ° C, izi zimachitika mu Meyi. Mbewu zimayambira kumera, pamene kumera kwa nkhaka za China ndi zoipa. Kuti mbande ziwonekere molawirira, bedi liri ndi filimu. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito wowonjezera kutentha, makamaka atakula phwetekere mbande.
- Pofuna kukonzekera mabedi, amagwiritsa ntchito manyowa ndi udzu wambiri, madzi ambiri otentha komanso ophimba. Patangopita masiku ochepa, chisakanizo chimakwirira pamwamba pa bedi.
- Mbewu imabzalidwa m'mitsuko ing'onoing'ono ya 2-3 masentimita, zidutswa ziwiri mu dzenje limodzi pamtunda wa masentimita 25 kuchokera pamzake, mtunda wa pakati pa mizere ndi 60-80 masentimita.
- Pambuyo pake, amathira madzi otentha, kutentha kwa madzi kuli pafupifupi 30 ° C.
VIDEO: MBEWU ZOPHUNZIRA ZA ZINTHU ZOPHUNZITSIRA ZOCHITIKA
Kuthirira
Pakuti kukolola bwino kumafuna kutsirira kwa nthawi yake, pafupifupi kawiri pa sabata. Pa fruiting nthawi yotentha, kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku kuli kofunika mutatha kukolola. Ngati chilimwe chiri mvula, madzi ayenera kukhala ofunika, dothi silingathe kutsanulidwa, koma nthawi zonse liyenera kukhala lonyowa. Pothirira madzi pogwiritsa ntchito kuthirira, madzi ayenera kugwera pazu.
Ndikofunikira! Madzi okwanira sayenera kukhala ozizira, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi olekanitsidwa ndi kutentha kwa pafupi +25 °C.Chitsamba chaching'ono chimadya 2 malita a madzi, nkhaka akuluakulu - 9 malita pa mita mita imodzi, ndipo panthawi ya fruiting, malita 20 mpaka 30 a madzi amafunika kuthirira madzi mita imodzi. Nthawi yabwino yothirira ndikum'mawa kapena madzulo, dzuwa litalowa. Mukhozanso kutsuka nkhaka tsiku ndi tsiku ndi madzi ofunda. Pofuna kusunga bwino chinyezi nthaka imakhala yochuluka.
Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira
Pambuyo kuthirira kulikonse, nkofunika kumasula nthaka kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino ndipo kutumphuka sikupangidwe. Kutsegula kumachitika mosamala, kuyesera kuti asawononge mizu. Kupalira koyamba kwa nkhaka kumabala pambuyo kumera. Pa nyengoyi, pafupifupi mabedi anayi a udzu ndi mizere pakati pa mizere, akuwononga namsongole. Ngati pali mvula yambiri, ndiye kuti tifunika kusambala nthawi zambiri.
Masking
Chomera chokhazikika bwino chimapanga zipatso zathanzi ndi zokongola kwambiri. Nkhuka za ku China zilibe singano, zakhala zikusauka bwino, ndipo makamaka mtundu wa maluwa.
Mudzapeza kuti n'kopindulitsa kudziwa nthawi, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito nkhaka.
Belt girter
Nkhaka yachitsulo ya Chinese ndizofunika kuti mukolole bwino. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa pamtunda wautali wa masentimita 50. Mungagwiritse ntchito galasi lokhalokha pa chikwapu chilichonse kapena njira ya trellis.
- Pamene munthu ali ndi magalasi pakati pa zothandizira zomwe zaikidwa kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa bedi, tambani waya wosakanikirana pa mtunda wa mamita 2 kuchokera pansi. Kuchokera pa waya wosakanikirana, aliyense agwetse chingwe pansi ndi kumangiriza chomeracho.
- Ndi njira ya trellis, zothandizira zowonongeka zimakonzedweratu pamene mubzala mbewu pansi, pamzere wozungulira mtunda wa mamita angapo. Kenaka mungagwiritse ntchito matope akuluakulu kapena kutambasula mawaya angapo pakati pa zothandizira. Gwiritsani ntchito mandala apulasitiki apadera kwambiri. Zothandizira ziyenera kukhala zolimba kuti zikhale ndi zobiriwira.
Njira yothetsera vuto la nkhaka garters ndiyo kukhazikitsa ukonde wotchedwa trellis.
Kupaka pamwamba
Kudyetsa kumachitika molingana ndi mfundo yotsatirayi:
- Ndi bwino kukonzekera bedi kwa kulima nkhaka mu kugwa, kupanga organic feteleza. Chaka chotsatira, mu kasupe, nkofunika kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa kapena mullein ngati kuvala pamwamba. Amasungunuka m'madzi mwa chiŵerengero cha 1: 3 ndipo amaumirira masiku angapo. Kenaka wothandizirayo amadzipiritsanso palimodzi ndi madzi 1:15 ndi kuthirira bedi. Zokonzeka bwino kudyetsa nkhaka phulusa, kumwa mowa pa mita imodzi - pafupifupi 60 g.
- Ngati feteleza sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kugwa, ndiye kumapeto kwa nyengo, kuwonjezera pa zinthu zakuthupi, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza feteleza. Mukawonekera masamba awiri, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la "Nitrophoska" (supuni 2 pa madzi 20 malita). Pambuyo kuthirira madzi wamba, perekani 2 malita a zothetsera mbeu iliyonse. Pamene tsamba lachitatu likuwonekera, sulphate ya potaziyamu imagwiritsidwa ntchito, supuni ziwiri za feteleza zimathera mu malita 20 a madzi kwa ulimi wothirira. Ndondomekoyi imabwerezedwa pambuyo pa masabata atatu.
- Zimathandiza madzulo kutsuka masamba a nkhaka ndi urea, pamene mazira amaonekera (80 g wa urea pa 20 malita a madzi), njirayi imapanga zokolola. Zovala zapamwamba sizibweretsa kasanu ndi kasanu ndi kamodzi pa nthawi yonse ya kukula, osati kawiri konse kamodzi pamasabata awiri.
Manyowa onse ayenera kukhala ovomerezeka molingana ndi malangizo, kuti asawononge zomera.
VIDEO: KUTHANDIZA ANTHU OTHANDIZA PAMODZI
Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
Dzinalo la zosiyanasiyana limasonyeza kuti nkhaka zimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda. Koma komabe, mvula ndi kuzizizira chilimwe, nkhaka ikhoza kudwala ndi powdery mildew, yomwe imakhala yoyera pambali mwa masamba. Kulimbana ndi matendawa kumathandizira kupopera njira yothetsera "Oxy" (5 malita a madzi 10 g), njirayi imabwerezedwa pambuyo pa masiku 14. Kupopera mbewu kumachitika madzulo.
Phunzirani zambiri za njira zina zogwiritsira ntchito powdery mildew ndi nkhaka peronosporosis.
Downy mildew amawonekera ngati ma chikasu pamasamba, kenako amawoneka mdima wonyezimira. Thirani mankhwalawa "Topaz" (1 buloule pa 10 malita a madzi), pambuyo pa masiku khumi, sprayed kachiwiri. Imodzi mwa tizirombo tomwe timakonda kwambiri nkhaka - aphid. Njira zothandizira nsabwe za m'masamba - "Aktara" ndi "Actofit". Ikani mogwirizana ndi malangizo. 
Kupewa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndiko kutsatira malamulo a sayansi yamakono pakulima nkhaka. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa bwino kutuluka kwa mpweya kwa zomera, kuyang'anira chinyezi, kuchotsa zatsalira zamasamba, masamba odwala ndi zipatso nthawi. Komanso musapange feteleza zambiri.
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Kukolola ndi njira yokondweretsa kwambiri. Kuti nkhaka zisapitirire, ndizofunika kukolola tsiku lililonse. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito pruner kapena mpeni kuti asawononge zomera. Ndibwino kuti mutenge nkhaka m'mawa kapena madzulo, ndiye mutha kumwa madzi.
Masango a Chinese samasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi bwino kuwagwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano tsiku limodzi mutatha kukolola. Mitengo yotentha yotentha ndi 10 ° C, chinyezi - 90%, yomwe imakula pamtunda - +7 ° C, chinyezi - 90%. Zikatero, nkhaka ikhoza kusungidwa kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri. Sambani izo sizothandiza. Kuwonjezera masamu a moyo omwe angathe kusungidwa pamalo ozizira kapena firiji pamtentha wa +4 ° C. Koma patapita nthawi, nkhaka zimafota ndi kulawa zatha.
Mavuto ndi malingaliro
Pamene mukukula nkhaka zaku China, nkofunika kutsatira ndondomeko zonse ndi ulimi, moyenera komanso panthawi yomangiriza, kudyetsa ndi kudyetsa. 
Ndi zizindikilo zozizwitsa mungathe kupeza chifukwa cha vutoli ndikulikonza:
- ngati nkhaka inayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndi kugwa masamba, ndiye chifukwa chake sichikwanira kapena kusakwanira kapena kuvala pamwamba, dothi lokwanira kumasula, dontho lakutentha;
- ngati nkhaka ili ndi fungo loipa ndi kukoma koipa, chifukwa chake ndi kusowa kwa calcium;
- mawonekedwe osasinthasintha a chipatso amasonyeza kusowa: potaziyamu ndi mawonekedwe a peyala, nayitrojeni ndi mawonekedwe a ndowe ndi boron ndi mawonekedwe auzimu.
