Aliyense wamaluwa empirically, kubzala mitundu yosiyana, amapeza amakonda tomato. Zosiyana ndi dzina lotentha "Masaya ofiira" ambiri a inu mumayamikira kwambiri zipatso zake zoyambirira, zowonjezereka, zokoma ndi zokoma. Zomera zimenezi zinapezedwa ndi asayansi achi Russia ndi obereketsa ndipo zimapangidwa kuti zikhale zobiriwira komanso kuti zinyamule.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Matimati "Masaya ofiira" ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa wa mbadwo woyamba (F1), ndiko kuti, mbewu zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku chipatso chake sichidzapereka mwana wabwino, chifukwa makhalidwe abwino a wosakanizidwa "adzagwa" mu maonekedwe a makolo. 
Zomera za mitundu yosiyanasiyana zimadulidwa (pafupifupi mamita 1 pafupipafupi), osati zowonongeka, zowonjezera (kuchoka pafupi 6-8 maburashi) ndipo muli ndi mfundo ya mapeto a kukula. Mphuno ya tomato - yamphamvu, nthambi, yosiyana ndi pafupifupi mita imodzi. Tsinde la chomera ndi lolimba, lokhazikika, lopulumuka, ndi maburashi angapo.
Mbalame zotchedwa hybrid zikhoza kutchedwa tomato monga: "Kate", "Slot f1", "Bokele F1", "Nyenyezi ya Siberia", "Blagovest", "Red Guard F1", "Lyubasha F1", "Garden Garden", "Semko -Sinbad "," Irina f1 "," Verlioka "," Bokele F1 "," Spasskaya Tower F1 "," Torbay F1 "," Red Red "," Pink Paradise "," Pink Unicum "," Openwork F1 "," Petrusha Gardener, Pink Bush, Capu Monomakh, Amayi Ambiri, Kuphulika, Raspberry Chozizwitsa ndi Masha F1 Doll.
Nkhungu - yaying'ono, yovunda, yobiriwira, "mbatata", ikukula muwiri. Inflorescence ndi yosavuta, imayikidwa pafupifupi pamwamba pa tsamba lachisanu ndi chinayi ndipo imadutsa masamba awiri. Imodzi ya inflorescence imapereka zipatso khumi.
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana:
- kusamba msanga;
- chokolola chachikulu;
- chiwerengero cha ntchito;
- kukoma kokoma ndi khalidwe la malonda;
- Kukaniza matenda ndi tizirombo;
- bwino transportability ndi yosungirako;
- kusintha kwa kuzizira ndi kutentha.
Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatcha kucha kucha ndipo imapereka zipatso zake masiku 85-100 mutabzala. Masamba a phwetekere amadziwika ndi mbewu zambiri - mpaka makilogalamu asanu ndi anayi pa mita iliyonse.
Makhalidwe a zipatso:
- kukula - sing'anga;
- wolemera wolemera - 100 g;
- mawonekedwe - okwera, otsika;
- khungu ndi lofewa, lochepa;
- mtundu - wofiira kwambiri;
- kukoma - kukoma, wowawasa.
Mukudziwa? Galasi imodzi ya madzi a phwetekere ili ndi theka lachizoloŵezi cha tsiku ndi tsiku la ascorbic acid chofunikira kuti zithandize chitetezo cha thupi. Ndipo zoterezi za serotonin mmenemo - hormone ya chimwemwe - zimakulolani kuti mukhalebe ndi chisangalalo ngakhale pa tsiku lotentha kwambiri.
Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
Kawirikawiri, phwetekere mbande amagula kumapeto kwa May - oyambirira June. Mbeu zabwino zazomerazi ziyenera kukhala ndi masamba 7-8 ndi burashi looneka bwino. Iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu, koma osati yaikulu kwambiri tsinde ndi kukhala, masamba otsika m'munsi. 
Siziyenera kuwonongeka komanso makamaka nkhungu. Sikoyenera kutenga mbande kuchokera mabokosi omwe ali oyenerera kwambiri, chifukwa pamene kuziyika zikhoza kuwononga mizu. Chomeracho chikhoza kukhala mizu, koma chidzatha nthawi yambiri ndi khama pobwezeretsa mizu. Ngati n'kotheka, ndi bwino kugula mbande m'minda yamakono.
Onaninso za nthawi yomwe mungathe kubzala tomato pa mbande komanso momwe mungatherere mbeu yamtundu.
Nthawi zambiri amalonda samagwirizana ndi sayansi ya kukula kwa zomera, ndipo pamodzi ndi mbande mungathe kubweretsa matenda a tomato ku malo anu. Komanso, palibe chitsimikizo kuti mudzagula ndondomeko yomwe mukufuna.
Mavuto akukula
Dothi la tomato liyenera kukhala lachonde kwambiri, low acidity, chinyezi chodziwika ndi kukwera kwa oxygen. Pansi pa nyengo yotentha, mbande zimabzalidwa mu Meyi ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 65, ndipo zingabzalidwe pamtunda masabata angapo. Kenaka mpweya wozungulira uli kale kutentha kokwanira kubzala, koma kwa nthawi yoyamba ndikofunikira kupereka malo osungira kukazizira kwa usiku. Kwa tomato, sankhani malo abwino kwambiri popanda dzuwa.
Ndikofunikira! Malingana ndi kafukufuku wa alimi a zamasamba, mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Masaya ofiira" amabala zipatso bwino m'madera ambiri - msewu wapakati, dera la Moscow ndi madera akum'mwera. Ndipo kuzizira chilimwe si cholepheretsa kukolola kokolola.
Mbande zimabzalidwa mozungulira pamtunda wa pafupifupi masentimita 40 pakati pa wina ndi mzake ndi mzere wa masentimita 50. Kuthirira kumachitidwa pansi pazu pamene dothi luma. Kuthirira kumachitika m'mawa kapena madzulo, tsiku lotsatira nthaka imasulidwa.
Kukonzekera mbewu ndi kubzala
Kufesa mbewu za mbande zomwe zinapangidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika - mu March. Musanabzala, mbeu za phwetekere ziyenera kutetezedwa ndi matenda a potaziyamu permanganate ndi kutsukidwa ndi madzi oyera. Mukhozanso kuwasamalira ndi anthu omwe amakula kuti apititse patsogolo mbande ndikukula patsogolo. Mukhoza kugula dothi lokula mbande za tomato mu sitolo yapadera. 
Ngati dothi likuchotsedwa pa tsambali, muyenera kuyamba kuchigwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi kuiwotcha. Mbewu imabzalidwa mabokosi kapena zitsamba zina mu nthaka yonyowa kwa 2-3 masentimita, zophimbidwa ndi polyethylene, yomwe imachotsedwa pokhapokha zitamera.
Ndikofunikira! Nyamayi "Masaya ofiira" amatanthauza mtundu wosakanizidwa, choncho mbewu zake sizingatchedwe mtengo wotsika, ndipo zomera zimakula mwamphamvu, zamphamvu komanso zochuluka fruiting.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira
Mmerawo uyenera kukhala m'chipinda chokhala ndi madigiri osachepera 21 degrees Celsius, opanda ma drafts ndipo ali ndi magetsi omwe amawunikira. Amafunika kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse ndikumasula mofatsa nthaka. Madzi ayenera kukhala madzi ofunda osati nthawi zambiri. Zomera zojambula zimapangidwa pambuyo popanga tsamba lachiwiri. Masabata angapo asanalowe kumalo osatha, nkofunika kuumitsa zomera. 
Pafupipafupi masiku khumi ndi limodzi muyenera kudyetsa tomato ndi feteleza mchere komanso musaiwale za kumasula nthaka ndi kutchetcha, zomwe zidzasunga chinyezi chofunikira cha nthaka. Kudyetsa njuchi kumachitidwa, izi zimachotsa masamba a m'munsi ndi masamba ochepa mpaka 3-4 masentimita. Tomato amatsekedwa pa trellis kapena mapeyala, pamene kuli bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo kuti asayambe kuvunda.
Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yaitali, zipatso za tomato zinkaonedwa kuti zili poizoni, ndipo chomeracho chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito zokongoletsera. Anayamba kutchuka kwawo ku America atapuma pantchito Robert Gibbon Johnson adadya kabichi kakang'ono ka tomato poyera mu 1822 atakhala pansi pa mapazi a Salem, New Jersey. Owonetsera chidwi adapeza kuti koneliyo anali wamoyo ndi bwino.
Matenda ndi kupewa tizilombo
Zosiyanasiyana "Masaya ofiira" amadziwika mokwanira ndi matenda ambiri a tomato - mochedwa choipitsa, zithunzi, powdery mildew, komanso tizirombo - nsabwe za m'masamba ndi chimbalangondo. Komabe, monga kupewa ayenera:
- kukumba nthaka yakuya musanabzala tomato;
- gwiritsani ntchito zowonongeka bwino;
- musabzalenso zomera pafupi;
- Nthawi yomweyo chotsani zomera zoyamba kugwidwa;
- Mukamwe madzi, yesetsani kupewa madzi kuti asagwe pa masamba;
- Pangani zomera ndi 1% yankho la Bordeaux osakaniza ndi mankhwala oletsa fungal;
- chotsani zotsalira zazomera pa webusaitiyi.
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Tomato wa zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zipatso zokhala ndi zosungirako zokwanira. Amatha kufalikira pa tsiku la 85-100 mutabzala (pafupifupi mu Julayi), koma mukhoza kuyamba kuwachotsa kuthengo mu chikhalidwe chofiira kapena chofiira. Zipatso zoterezi zimapsa bwino pakapita masiku angapo kunyumba pakhomo komanso ngakhale pa tebulo, ndipo kukoma kwawo sikungachepetse konse. Ndiopsezedwa ndi chithunzithunzi chozizira, ndi bwino kuti musamayembekezere kukongola kwa chipatso, ndi kuchotsa ku tchire.
Kutenga tomato kumadalira momwe angagwiritsire ntchito komanso liti. Kufikira zipatso zowonongeka zonse zimasungidwa masiku oposa asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri, ndipo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira. Matatowa ndi oyenera kumwedwa, madzi kapena pasitala. Katemera wa pulayimale ndi wachisanu ndi chiwiri akhoza kusungidwa kwa masiku pafupifupi 10, iwo ali oyenerera paulendo komanso yosungirako nthawi yaitali.
Phunzirani momwe angasungire tomato ndikuti.
Zomwe, zowonongeka, zathanzi ndi zouma zimaphatikizidwa molimba mu bokosi la matabwa. Bokosi liyikidwa mu chipinda chozizira ndi mpweya wabwino, ndipo pazifukwa izi, tomato akhoza kusungidwa bwino kwa miyezi iwiri. Matata a mazira angakhale otalika kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, pansi pa bokosi iyenera kukhala ndi udzu, ndipo chipatso chokulungidwa mu pepala. Matenda oterewa ayenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena pa khonde lotsekedwa popanda Kutentha. 
Akamasulidwa m'chipinda chofunda, amakula mwamsanga ndipo adzakhala okonzeka kudya. Mukamakula ndi kukolola mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Masaya Ofiira", mukhoza kusangalatsa okondedwa anu ndi saladi yamtengo wapatali komanso yonyeketsa ngakhale pa maholide a Chaka Chatsopano!
