M'zaka zaposachedwa, chidwi chobeletsa abambo omwe sakhala achilendo ku India ndi alimi athu alimi ndi nkhuku zakula kwambiri. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa mbalameyi ili ndi dzira lokongola ndipo ili wotchuka kwambiri, yowutsa mudyo komanso yamchere. Komabe, kulera kwa abakha kudzakhala bwino kokha ngati malamulo ena ndi zochitika zikuchitika. Ndi-tiyeni tione.
Mbiri yakale
Amakhaka a ku India ali ofanana kwambiri ndi ma penguin, motero amavomereza kuti makolo awo anali abambo a penguin. Nkhani yoyamba ya mbalame yodabwitsa imapezeka m'mabuku a Charles Darwin, pamene anafotokoza kuti nyama ya mbalame ndi chinthu chokoma komanso chosazolowereka cha m'zaka za m'ma XIX.
Mukudziwa? Anthu othamanga ku India ndiwo chilumba cha Ost-India, kumene adayamba kuumbidwa zaka zoposa zikwi ziwiri zapitazo.
Othamanga anawonekera kumadera akumayiko a ku Ulaya kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, mu 1926. Komabe, nthawi imeneyo mbalame zinasungidwa kumalo osungirako zinyama ndipo zimasonyezedwa ngati zitsanzo zachilendo komanso zachilendo.
Video: Othawa a bata a ku Indian
Kufotokozera ndi kusiyana kwa mtundu
Kuyambira maonekedwe ake Mabakha a ku India ali ofanana ndi ma penguinN'zovuta kuwasokoneza ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame. Zili ndi mawonekedwe, zolowa mmwamba, chifuwa chophimba botolo, chifuwa chozungulira, khosi lalitali ndi loonda, mapiko omwe amamangiriza thupi, miyendo yaitali, mawonekedwe ofanana ndi penguin, ndi mafunde akuluakulu.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mbalame zomwe zimasiyanasiyana ndi maonekedwe awo. 
Bakuman
Mkazi wamtundu wam'tchire amasiyanitsidwa ndi maonekedwe a bulauni ndi mliri wa golide wagolide ndi nsalu yakuda pa nsonga. Pamene wamphongo amatha kudziwika ndi mtundu wa emerald wa khosi, chifuwa chofiira ndi bulauni chomwe chimatsekedwa m'khosi. Dryo ali ndi mchira wawung'ono wakuda ndi wobiriwira, mapiko a mdima wakuda ndi dzungu la orange paws. 
Silvery-wild
Mwamuna wamtundu-mtundu wam'tchire amatha kudziwika ndi mimba yofiira ndi ya msirikali wofiira. Mutu wake uli wakuda ndi utoto wobiriwira ndipo uli ndi mulomo wobiriwira, mapikowo ndi oyera kwambiri. Miyendo ndi lalanje.
Bakha amasiyanitsidwa ndi mabala achikasu, omwe ali ndi zing'onozing'ono za mandimu pa khosi, kumbuyo ndi kuphulika.
Trout
Drake wofiira wa thola uli ndi chifuwa chofiira, mapiko a mdima ndi imvi. Mlomo waung'ono wokhala ndi chida chakuda chakuda chimakongoletsa msondodzi pamutu pake. Mbali yapadera ya mchira uwu ndi kukhalapo kwa mphukira yotseguka pa khosi lobiriwira. Paws ndi lowala lalanje. 
Gulu "lachikazi" limakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, pamene kumbuyo kwake, mmero ndi mimba zimatchulidwa kwambiri. Mlomo wa bakha ndi lowala lalanje ndi zochepa zamdima.
White
Amuna ndi akazi a white subspecies ali ndi mtundu womwewo - woyera kwambiri pamtundu ndi pamapiko. Mbalame za mbalame zimakhala ndi mtundu wokongola wa mandimu. 
Mdima
Mosiyana ndi ma subspecies oyera, oimira abakha wakuda ali ndi mdima wandiweyani ndi mchere wa emerald ndi mulomo wobiriwira wamdima wobiriwira.
Mukhozanso kuwona abakha a kummawa okhala ndi buluu lapadera, mtundu wonyezimira kapena mtundu wa "nandolo". Pali mbalame zokhala ndi "Chiukraine" mabala a buluu. 
Kutha msinkhu ndi dzira
Anthu othamanga ku India amakonda kwambiri alimi chifukwa cha mazira apamwamba. Mbalame zimayamba kugonana ngati ali ndi zaka 5-6.
Mukudziwa? Othamanga a mitundu yosiyanasiyana amathamangira nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, azungu amanyamula mazira okha m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo amdima amangozizira m'chilimwe. Kodi chifukwa cha kachitidwe kotere ka dzira, asayansi asanakhazikitsidwe.
Kawirikawiri, amayi amodzi, malinga ndi zikhalidwe za nyumba ndi zakudya, amatha kunyamula mazira 150 mpaka 360 pa chaka. Kulemera kwake kwa dzira limodzi ndi 65-80 g, kukula kwa chipolopolo ndi 0.38 mm, mtunduwo umakhala woyera, umapezeka ndi buluu ndi zonyezimira.
Mazira a abakha a mtundu uwu ali nawo bwino feteleza ndi mkulu hatchability. Pambuyo pake, anapiye mwamsanga amatenga kulemera kwa thupi ndi kulemera kuposa makilogalamu 1.5 ali ndi miyezi iwiri.
Bulu wolemera wathanzi ndi drake
Amakhaka a ku India ndi a mbalame za kayendedwe ka dzira, ngakhale kuti nyama yawo imatengedwa kuti ndi yothandiza kwambiri, yomwe imakhala yaikulu kwambiri chifukwa cha kusalidwa kwa duck. 
Pafupifupi, kumwa mowa kumakhala pakati pa 1.8 ndi 2 kg. Kulemera kwake kwazimayi kuli kocheperapo ndipo ndi zakudya zabwino zomwe zimatha kufika 1.7-1.8 makilogalamu.
Fufuzani momwe mungadye nyama ya bakha ndi mafuta ndi kudula ndi kudula bata popanda chingwe.
Zomwe amangidwa
Ngakhale kuti anthu othamanga akumidzi ali ndi "ochokera kunja" ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino, iwo akutsutsana kwambiri. Amalekerera nyengo ya chisanu bwino, koma nthawi zina amachepetsa mazira 130 mazira pachaka.
Momwe mungakonzekezere nyumbayo
Kupeza dzira labwino lokhala ndi abakha a ku India ayenera kukhala ndi nyumba yabwino kwambiri. Zomwe zili zofunika pa malowa ndi: zofunda zowonongeka, zowuma komanso kuyatsa bwino. Popeza othamanga ali mbalame zokonda kutentha kwambiri, ayenera kupanga malo abwino otentha komanso osachepera maola 12 owala. 
M'nyengo yozizira, kuti muyambe kuyatsa kofunikira, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito magwero ena mu mawonekedwe a nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu. Nkofunika kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yachibadwa, yomwe imakhala yofiira ya 65-75%, mwinamwake pamitengo yapamwamba mbalame zikhoza kuwonetseredwa ku matenda osiyanasiyana.
Phunzirani zambiri za kumanga nkhokwe zanu za abakha, komanso ngati mungathe kubweretsa abakha ndi nkhuku pamodzi.
Mbali yoyenera yosunga abakha imalingaliridwa kusinjika nthawi zonse kumasintha. Monga chofunda, zimalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito udzu wouma, utuchi kapena peat, womwe umatenga madzi ochulukirapo ndipo umatulutsa zowonjezereka kwa nthawi yaitali. 
Malo omwe mbalame zimakhalamo ziyenera kukhala zazikulu: chifukwa gulu limodzi la mamita 10 lalikulu mamita. m
Mukudziwa? Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mazira a bakha sagwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera. Izi siziri zoona. Dzira mazira ndi ochepetsetsa kwambiri komanso amathanzi kuposa mazira a nkhuku, alibe cholesterol, koma pali mafuta omwe amathandizidwa ndi thupi.
Yendani ndi kupeza madzi
Othamanga ayenera kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza madzi. Ngati sizingatheke kukonzekera kuyenda momasuka ndikusambira m'mabasi, ndiye kofunika kupanga njuchi ya nkhuku kusamba kwapadera. Njira zothandizira madzi nthawi zonse zimathandiza kutsuka nthenga ndikupewa matenda osiyanasiyana a khungu, mavuto a kusowa kwa nthenga. Kusowa kwa gombe kumakhudza thanzi la abakha, komanso kukolola kwawo.
Njira yoyenera ikanakhala yokonza nthenga ufulu wamtundu. Amakonda kusonkhanitsa chakudya cha "udzu", osasiya zomera zosiyanasiyana, mphutsi za tizilombo. Pa kuyenda, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mbalame sizipezeka pamalo omwe amamera ndiwo zamasamba, chifukwa ndiwo ndiwo masamba omwe amakonda kwambiri abulu. Ngati sizingatheke kuyenda mbalame, ayenera kupereka maluwa osiyanasiyana tsiku ndi tsiku: nettle, dandelions, letesi, katsabola, ndi zina zotero. 
Zakudya
Pamene akukula othamanga, munthu sayenera kusunga zakudya zawo. Zili zovuta kwambiri, choncho ndizofunika kwambiri kuti muzitha kudya zakudya komanso kupereka chakudya chofunikira, pamtengo.
Ndikofunikira! Popeza abakha ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mazira, nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mkazi sangakhale wonenepa, mwinamwake dzira lake lidzagwedezeka kwambiri, kapena ngakhale lidzatheratu.
Kudyetsa ndi kudyetsa m'chilimwe
Kudyetsa nthawi ya chilimwe ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa kuyenda kwa mbalame nthawi zonse. Bakha ndi mbalame zamphaka, choncho amasangalala kupeza chakudya chawo, kudya amadyera, nsonga za zomera, masamba a nettle, mitsempha, mphutsi, mphutsi, ndi zina zotero tsiku lonse
Komanso, mbalame zimaloledwa kupatsa zakudya zowononga, masamba, mizu, zopanda malire zochuluka za duckweed m'mabasi.
Zowonjezera "masewera a chilimwe" ayenera kukhala ndi zowonjezera (mbalame iliyonse):
- amadyera - mopanda malire;
- mbatata yophika (steamed) - 30 g;
- kaloti - 20 g;
- fupa chakudya - 10 g;
- ufa wa nyemba - 10 g;
- chimanga cha tirigu - 25 g;
- ufa wa tirigu - 130 g
M'nyengo ya chilimwe, ndikwanira kudyetsa abakha kamodzi pa tsiku madzulo, pogwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza kuchokera ku chimanga, tirigu, balere, oats ndi nandolo. 
Kusiyanasiyana kwa nyengo yozizira
M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri kudya abakha kumawonjezeka katatu patsiku. Panthawi ya dzira lothandizira, mbalame zimalimbikitsidwa kudyetsa kangapo patsiku. M'pofunika kulimbikitsa menyu ndi zolimbitsa zovuta za biologically yogwira zinthu ndi mchere, kuwonjezera grated beets, kaloti, zukini, yophika mbatata, akanadulidwa bran kwa waukulu chakudya.
MaseĊµera aakulu a chisanu a othamanga akuphatikizapo:
- phala losakaniza
- chakudya;
- Njere - chimanga, tirigu, balere, mapira, oats, nandolo;
- masamba owiritsa;
- mavitamini ndi zowonjezera mavitamini;
- choko, coquina, miyala yamchere.
Phunzirani momwe mungapangire chakudya kwa abakha kuchita nokha.
M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame imafuna chakudya chochuluka, koma muyenera kuyendetsa chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku: kuti musamalole kudya, komanso kuika bakha pa zakudya sikofunikira. 
Mbalame zotchedwa Indian dinglings
Pofuna kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, ana okhwima, asanu mwa atsikana opindulitsa kwambiri ndi imodzi mwa drake yapamwamba kwambiri amasankhidwa kuchokera ku gulu la kugwa. Posankha "makolo", makondwerero amaperekedwa kwa mbalame ndi mafupa ozungulira, mafupa osasuntha bwino, mimba yofewa komanso maonekedwe okongola. Mitundu ya Chimwenye imakhala yogwira mtima kwambiri, imakhala yovuta kwambiri kuthana ndi ntchito yokwatira, yokonzeka kubisa abakha kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Kusakaniza kwa mazira
Zigawo ndi nkhuku zabwino kwambiri. Iwo amasangalala kuti azikhala ndi anapiye, ndipo zida zawo zomwe zimakhala pansi pa chilengedwe ndi 90-95%. Kukula kwazing'ono kwazimayi sikumamulola kutenthetsa mazira opitirira 8-10, choncho alimi a nkhuku amagwiritsa ntchito makina opangira ziweto.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge zambiri zokhudza kubereketsa ducklings mu chofungatira.
Mazira a makulitsidwe ayenera kukhala:
- pafupifupi kukula kofanana;
- nthawi zonse mwatsopano - mpaka masiku 8;
- popanda kuwononga kwina, chips, ming'alu.
Kusungunuka kwa anapiye kupyolera mu chofungatira kumatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Panthawi yopuma, muyenera kutsatira zizindikiro zina. kutentha, chinyezi ndi rollover njira:
- Mlungu woyamba: Zizindikiro za kutentha ziyenera kukhala + 38 ... +38.2 ° C, chinyezi - 70%. Mazira ayenera kutembenuzidwa osachepera 4 pa tsiku;
- Sabata lachiwiri: kutentha - +37.8 ° C, msinkhu wa mthunzi - 60%, kuchuluka kwa mipukutu - 4-6;
- Tsiku la 25-25: chinyezi ndi zizindikiro za kutentha zimakhalabe pamtunda wapitawo, koma panthawi yomweyi, mazira amachotsedwa kawiri pa tsiku kwa mphindi 15-20 pogwiritsa ntchito potassium permanganate;
- 26-31 tsiku: kutentha kumatsalira pa +37.8 ° C, chinyezi chawonjezeka kufika 80%. Kuzizira kwaimitsidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kwambiri kumamatira kutentha kwapakati pa makulitsidwe. Popeza mazira ali ndi mafuta ochulukirapo, chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, amatha kupha othamanga m'tsogolo.
Nestlings amayamba "kuzungulira" mazira pafupifupi tsiku la 29 - 31. Nkhumbazi zimathamanga mwamphamvu ndi zathanzi, zimakhala zolemera mofulumira ndipo zimafika mapaundi awiri pakatha miyezi iwiri. 
Kusamalira ana
Amayi achikazi ndi amayi abwino ndipo amasamalira ana awo mosangalala. Komabe, ngati makanda atasiyidwa kwa amayi, ndiye kuti kuyamwa kwa dzira kudzakhala kochepa kwambiri, chifukwa nyererezi sizikutha. Choncho, kuyesetsa kulimbikitsa achinyamata omwe amagwira nkhuku kumagulu a alimi a nkhuku. Chofunika kwambiri kwa othamanga ndikuti ana awo amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, amatsutsa matenda osiyanasiyana, choncho safuna chisamaliro chapadera. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe akusowa ndi chipinda chofunda, zogona, zowonjezera, chakudya chabwino ndi kupeza madzi okwanira nthawi zonse.
Zosangalatsa: N'chifukwa chiyani bakha akusambira?
Zimene mungadye
Kudya achinyamata ndi kosiyana kwambiri ndi zakudya za akuluakulu.
- Masiku oyambirira a moyo, nkhono zimadyetsedwa kasanu ndi kamodzi pamodzi pa tsiku pokhapokha ndi nkhuku za nkhuku, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi mapuloteni masiku angapo pambuyo pake.
- Pakutha kwa tsiku lachinayi, chakudya chophatikizapo madzi owonjezera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono.
- Mavitambo ayenera kukhalapo pamasamba a nyama zinyama. Dill, dandelion ndi sipinachi zimakonda kwambiri ana aang'ono. Mitengoyi imakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso mavitamini, omwe amayenera kukula ndi kukula kwa mbalame.
- Pamapeto pa mwezi woyamba, anapiye amapitsidwira ku chakudya chambiri.
Video: zonse zokhudza othamanga a ku India
Maphunziro a mtundu wa Amwenye wothamanga
Anthu othamanga ku India ndi abakha ochititsa chidwi, omwe ali ndi ubwino wapadera kwambiri. Mbalamezi, ngakhale kuti zinachokera, zimakhala zosasamala kwambiri pa chisamaliro ndi zakudya, zimatha kusangalatsa obereketsa ndi dzira lokhazikika chaka chonse ndikukhala chitsime cha zakudya zokoma zomwe sizikhala ndi fungo la tina. Nkhalango yokhayo yomwe alimi amatha kukumana nayo ndiyo kupeza zinthu zamakono zobzala.
