Manyowa ali pafupi achibale a tomato ndi mbatata. Kukula ku Moldova, Transcaucasia, Ukraine, kum'mwera kwa Russia, komanso ku Central Asia. Mu zakudya zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito zipatso za mbewu. Zakudya zam'chitini zam'chitini, zophika, zowonjezera, zophika, zophika. Zakudya zochokera kwa iwo ndi zowonjezera komanso zothandiza kwambiri.
Kodi biringanya zothandiza ndi chiyani?
Mavitamini ali ndi mavitamini a gulu B, vitamini PP, ascorbic acid, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium. Zambiri zazing'ono zili ndi manganese, mkuwa, aluminium, zinki, cobalt.
Mazira, chifukwa cha pectin ndi targonic acids, salitsi ya potaziyamu, amachititsa kuti kuchotsa kolesterolo ku magazi, komanso mankhwala a atherosclerosis. Athandizira ku chikhalidwe cha chiwindi. Malingana ndi ma kashiamu, amakhala opambana kuposa dzungu, karoti, anyezi, tsabola, vwende. Iwo ali ndi mphamvu yochepetsa diuretic.
Phunzirani momwe mungamerekere nkhaka kuthengo pa tsamba lanu.
Pano mwatsatanetsatane za zinsinsi za kubzala mitengo ya zipatso.
Njira yodziwa njuchi //rusfermer.net/bee/rabota-s-pchelami/podkormka-pchel/podkormka-pchely-vorovki.html
Phunzirani momwe mungamerekere nkhaka kuthengo pa tsamba lanu.Zofunika zoyenera kuti nthaka ikhale yomera biringanya
Mbalame zimakonda nthaka yachonde. Choncho, pamene mukumba nthaka mmenemo muwonjeze organic ndi mchere feteleza. Ngati nthaka imakula yokha, ndiye kuti humus ndi feteleza zokha zimaphatikizidwira. Mazira amakula bwino pa nthaka yochepa. Pa nthaka yolemera dothi lophatikizidwa amapangidwa, ndipo izi sizili bwino nthawi zonse pa chomeracho.
Biringanya ali ndi mizu yamphamvu kwambiri. Ndipakati pa ntchito ya feteleza yomwe imatsindika potaziyamu. Ndi kukula kochepa kwa zimayambira za mbeu, m'pofunika kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni kawiri. Mlingo wa nthaka acidity ndi 6.5-7.2. Chifukwa chosowa magnesiamu m'nthaka, zomera zimatha kukula bwino, choncho muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kupezeka kwake.
Biringanya. Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu
Mazira amalekerera kuikapo m'malo molakwika, pamene njirayi imachokera ku mizu yake. Zimalimbikitsidwa kukula mbande mwachindunji mu miphika ya peat, osati kuwaponya kwa pickling. Ngati mukuyenera kumangoyamba kumera, ndiye kuti izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri.
Kukula biringanya mbande ndikumusamalira
Pakapita masiku 10-15 mutabzala, mbewu za biringanya zikumera kale. Kukula mbande popanda kusankha kumatenga masiku 40-45; posankha - masiku 50-60. Kuti mbewu yabwino ikumera, chomeracho chimafuna kutentha kwa mpweya wa 22-26 madigiri Celsius. Pamene mphukira zoyamba zikuwoneka, kutentha kumatsikira mpaka 13 mpaka madigiri Celsius. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mizu ikhale yoyenera, imakhala yolimba, ndipo mphukira sizikutambasula. Pambuyo pa kutentha kwachisanu kapena sikisi kuwonjezeke kuwonjezeranso madigiri 20-25. Kutentha uku kuyenera kusungidwa mpaka mutabzala pansi. Mwamsanga musanabzala, chomeracho chiyenera kuumitsidwa ndi dzuwa. Pamapeto pake, miphika ya biringanya imayikidwa kunja kwa dzuwa kwa mphindi 10-15. Izi ziyenera kuchitika mkati mwa masiku awiri kapena atatu kawiri kapena katatu.
Kubzala mbande mbande pamalo otseguka
Musanabzala mbande pamalo otseguka, chiwembucho chimayikidwa poyambirira ndi kupanga mabowo (kubzala grooves). Pa nthawi yomweyo, mtunda wa pakati pa mizere iyenera kukhala 45-50 masentimita, pakati pa zomera mwachindunji - 25-30 masentimita. Madzi a malita atatu kapena atatu ayenera kuthiridwa m'madzi okonzeka. Mu wothira bwino yomweyo anabzala mbande. Kenaka zitsime zili ndi nthaka youma. Izi zimapangitsa kuti rooting ya mbande ikhale yabwino, komanso kuti ipulumuke. Kuthirira mbande ziyenera kuchitika masiku awiri kapena atatu.
Biringanya kukula ndi kusamalira
Kukula ndi kusamalira biringanya ndiko kudyetsa, kutsirira ndi kusamalira namsongole.
Kuyala biringanya
Pa kukula kwa mbeu zimapangitsa 3-5 kuvala. Pakadutsa masabata awiri kapena atatu mutabzala mbande muzidyetsa koyamba. Mankhwalawa safuna kudya koyambirira, popeza mizu yawo idakalibe bwino, yomwe imathabe kulandira zinthu zothandiza.
Pamaso pa maonekedwe a chipatso, feteleza imapangidwa ndi mchere zovuta feteleza. Zipatso zikawoneka, feteleza imapangidwa ndi feteleza a nitrogen-phosphate: mu malita 10 a madzi, supuni imodzi ya superphosphate ndi supuni imodzi ya ammonium nitrate imadzipulidwa. Pofuna kutulutsa superphosphate bwino m'madzi, ndi bwino kutulutsa madzi kuchokera pamenepo. Manyowa opangira thupi amalimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera zimayambira, choncho amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera.
Bioud - fetereza organic, yopangidwa ndi mullein ndipo analimbikitsa kuti ntchito ya wamaluwa ambiri. Anazilemba izo mu chiŵerengero cha 1:20.
Organic ndi mchere zowonjezerapo ziyenera kuchitika motsatizana. Pofuna kulimbikitsa kukula kwa biringanya ayenera kukhala 12-15 tsiku mutabzala mutengere mizu. Pa biringanya za fruiting, tikulimbikitsanso kuwaza nthaka ndi phulusa. Ngati chomeracho sichimasintha bwino, ndiye kuti chimaphatikizidwa ndi bonic acid, yomwe imasungunuka m'madzi otentha. Mbewu yochuluka yobiriwirayo imasonyeza kusowa kwa potaziyamu m'nthaka, kukula kosalekeza kwa zomera - kusowa kwa nayitrogeni. Zakudya zabwino za foliar za zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi microelements zimachitika mvula ndi nyengo yozizira.
Kuthirira biringanya
Kuthirira zomera bwino kumachitika nthawi zonse, popeza biringanya ndi mbewu zowuma. Kuperewera kwa chinyezi kumabweretsa kugwa kwa zipatso ndi maluwa a chomera, komanso kuletsa chitukuko. Mbewu ya biringanya yamadzi iyenera kukhala madzi ofunda. Kutentha kwa madzi kumafunika madigiri 20. Mutabzala mbande pansi, biringanya imathirira madzi tsiku lachisanu. Mukamwetsa kamodzi pamlungu. Ngati nyengo ili yotentha ndi yowuma, kuthirira kumafunika kuchitidwa mobwerezabwereza. Imwani chomera pansi pazu kuti masamba ndi masamba aziuma.
Processing biringanya
Processing chikhalidwe kumaphatikizapo kumasula pakati pa mizere ndi udzu wolamulira. Biringanya - thermophilic chikhalidwe. Choncho, pa nyengo yokula m'pofunikira kuchita nthawi zambiri kulima mzere wa mzere. Zimalimbikitsa kutentha kwa nthaka. Njira yomasula pakati pa mizera ya nyengo imabwerezedwa nthawi 4-5. Maonekedwe a nthaka komanso nyengo zingakhudze kuchuluka kwa maluwa. Kutsegulira koyamba kwa mizere yapakati kuyenera kuchitidwa kwa kuya kwa 8-10 masentimita, kenako - 10-12 masentimita. Mtengo wa nthaka umakhudza kuya kwa kumasula. Mu nthaka yonyowa ndi yowuma, yoyamba kumasula imakhala yakuya masentimita sikisi mpaka asanu ndi atatu pa tsiku lachitatu mutabzala, kenako 8-12 masentimita.
Kugula ndi kutumiza njuchi ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yogula njuchi.
Ndipo apa //rusfermer.net/bee/info/biology/stroenie-pchely.html mudzaphunzira zinthu zonse zamtengo wapatali zokhudza kapangidwe ka njuchi yamasiye.
Kugula ndi kutumiza njuchi ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yogula njuchi.Kubzala biring'ono kumunda
Pomwe msinkhu wa tsinde wambiri umakhala wofikira 30 cm, chomera chiyenera kumangidwa. Izi ziyenera kukumbukira kuti chomera chidzakulabe, ndipo kukula kwa tsinde lake kudzawonjezereka. Choncho, mukamangirira, pitani ku malo osungira mbeu. Pa chitukuko, ma birplant amapanga mapesi atatu. Mwamsanga pamene mphukira yoyamba ndi yamphamvu yotsitsa ya biringanya inakhazikitsidwa, iyenera kumangirizidwa ku trellis. Ntchitoyi imabwerezedwa kawiri kapena katatu pa sabata. Zimadalira kukula kwa mbeu. Mbali yotsalayo imathamanga ndi kutalika kwa mita yosachepera imodzi iyenera kuchotsedwa. Izi ndizovuta komanso zosasangalatsa. Mphukira yowonjezera m'chilimwe ndipo mukhoza kuchoka, koma imachepetsa kukula kwa mbewu, komanso imapanganso mapangidwe a zipatso zina. Pofuna kuchepetsa "makulidwe" a chomera, masamba awiri ang'onoang'ono amachotsedwa pafupi ndi nsonga zake.
Ntchito zina zopanga chomera:
- ndikudula maluwa achiwiri;
- Kupulumutsidwa kwa mwana wosabadwa kuchokera pamimba ya petal.
Ntchitozi zimachepetsa kuoneka kwa imvi zowola. Pofuna kuchepetsa kukula kwa masamba, ayenera kudula. Maonekedwe a mphukira yachiwiri ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya biringanya ndi zokolola zamtunduwu zimakhala zosavuta. Kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha chomera, ziwiri kapena zitatu zazitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri zimasankhidwa, ndipo zina zonse zimachotsedwa. Mphukira ndi masamba onse amachotsedwa ku tsinde lalikulu. Zitsamba zimatsukidwa ku masamba a chikasu ndi matenda, komanso zipatso zosauka. Kumapeto kwa nyengo muyenera kutsitsa pamwamba pa zimayambira, kusiya zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zofiira mazira. Anachotsedwanso kumapeto kwa nyengo ndikuwoneka pa maluwa. Kutsata mwamphamvu njira zimenezi kumakupatsani inu zipatso zabwino. Kuchotsa maluwa kuchokera ku chomera sikungathandize kusintha kwa chiwonongeko chonse.
Ndikufuna kukumbukira kuti pamene mukukula chomera, musamatsatire mwatsatanetsatane malangizo onsewa. Ndi bwino kuyang'ana chomera ndi chitukuko chake. Izi zidzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe iye sakudziwa nthawi imodzi kapena zina mwa chitukuko chake. Ndipo zotsatira za zomwe mumaziwona ndikugwira ntchito zidzakhala zapamwamba, zothandiza ndi zazikulu zokolola.
