Amadziwika kuti nkhuku zimanyamula mazira oyera kapena ofiira. Koma si anthu ambiri omwe amadziwa kuti zipolopolo za nkhuku zingakhalenso buluu ndi azitona. Mitundu yonseyi ndi yachibadwa, ndipo pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambira.
Nchifukwa chiyani nkhuku mazira amasiyanasiyana?
Mazira onse a dzira amapangidwa ndi chinthu chomwecho, kudetsa kumachitika ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala omwe angaphimbe chipolopolo kapena kulowa mkati mwake. Nkhumba imayikidwa makamaka ndi ma genetic, kotero nkhuku za nkhuku ndizo zikuluzikuluzikulu. 
Mtundu wofiirira ndi mtundu wa pigment umene umakhala pamwamba pa chipolopolocho, umatchedwa protoporphyrin IX, ndi ofanana ndi hemoglobin m'magazi anu. Koma hemoglobine ili ndi chitsulo m'magazi anu, kotero inu mumapeza mtundu wofiira, ndipo palibe chitsulo mu chipolopolo, kotero inu mumapeza mtundu wofiirira.
Protoporphyrin imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a calcium carbonate, choncho, mtundu wofiira wa chipolopolo uli kunja, mkati mwake umakhala woyera.
Mudzakhala ndi chidwi kuti mudziwe kuti nkhuku imathandiza bwanji thupi, komanso mazira a mbalame, nkhuku, turkey, indouki, dzira la mazira, bakha, nthiwatiwa.
Zinthu ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi buluu. Bilirubini yomwe imatuluka ndi mpeni ndiyo yomwe imayambitsa maonekedwe. Amayambitsa mphamvu zake ngakhale panthawi yoika dzira, choncho imakhala ndi ubweya wabuluu kunja ndi mkati.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya nkhuku zomwe zimakhala ndi mitsempha yotereyi. Izi zimatheka chifukwa chakuti makolo awo atakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chiberekero. Chotsatira chake, kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga bilirubin kumayambira, komwe kumachitika pa chipolopolocho. Kwa anthu, izi zilibe zotsatira. 
Chomwe chimayambitsa mtundu ndi mthunzi wa nkhuku eggshell
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza mtundu wa chipolopolo.
Zimabereka
Nthawi zambiri nkhuku zoyera zimayera zoyera, ndi nkhuku zakuda kapena zofiira - mazira ofiira. Koma pali mitundu yambiri ya nkhuku zomwe zinkakhala zobiriwira kapena buluu chifukwa cha zamoyo zawo.
Izi zimaphatikizapo ophika azitona, araucana, legbar ndi ameraukana. Mhlophe yoyera, popanda mthunzi wa beige, ndi woyera wa Russia, wamng'ono, Leningrad imvi nkhuku.
Mukudziwa? Nkhuku zomwe zimanyamula maolivi ndi mazira a buluu zimatchedwa mazira a Isitala.
Mitundu yonseyi imanyamula mazira ndi chipolopolo kuchokera ku beige mpaka ku bulauni. 
Zotsatira za chilengedwe
Mtundu wa chipolopolo ungakhudzidwe ndi zochitika zoterezi:
- Kusokonezeka maganizo. Ngati nkhuku yakhala ikuvutitsidwa, porphine imatulutsidwa imachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo mtundu wa chipolopolo umakhala wowala. Izi ndizochitika kwa kanthawi.
- Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi madzi akumwa. Zimatsimikizirika kuti pamene kutentha kwapakati kufika 25 ° C, nkhuku zimanyamula mazira owala kwambiri. Komanso zimapezeka ngati nkhuku zimapatsidwa madzi kutentha kwa 50 ° C.
- Kuunikira mu nyumba ya nkhuku. Kupanga nkhumba kumadalira kutalika kwa tsiku. Kutalika kwake, kuwala kumawoneka dzira.
Ndikofunikira! Amuna amayamba kuyamwa mazira otsekemera akakhala olimba kwambiri. Ndikofunika kutsatira ndondomeko ya malingaliro asanu pa 1 m².
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Pochizira nkhuku nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ndi sulfonamides kapena nicarbazine. Zinthu zimenezi zimachepetsa kukula kwa mtundu wa chipolopolocho. Kuti apereke mthunzi wofiira kwambiri wa bulauni, Bacillus subtilis spores amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Iwo amawonjezeka mwachindunji ku chakudya. 
Kapena adrenaline ikhoza kuchepetsa kapena kwathunthu depigment.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamachitira nkhuku zosiyanasiyana pokonzekera, ayenera kutsatira mosamala malangizo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Nthawi zina, m'pofunika pa nthawi ya chithandizo kuti asiye kugwiritsa ntchito mazira.
Nthawi ya nkhuku padzuwa
Zatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi nkhuku yaitali motero dzuwa limakhala lowala kwambiri. Chomwecho chochitika chimapezeka pa kutentha kwa nkhuku coop.
Mukudziwa? Maphunziro a ku Australia asonyeza kuti kupereka madzi ndi kutentha kwa 5 ° C mu nyengo yotentha kwambiri analola nkhuku kuika mazira, zomwe zimasunga ma tëMitundu yambiri ya chipolopolocho.
Ngati nkhuku zimakhala zaulere, ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi komanso zakudya zomwe zimayikidwa pamalo amdima. 
Zomwe zimachitika
Nkhuku yoyamba ya nkhuku nthawi zonse imakhala yakuda kwambiri kuposa yotsatira. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti nthawi yayitali mu oviduct. Nkhuku yakale imakhala yowala kwambiri. Nthawi zina maluwa amawoneka bwino.
Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti dzira limasungidwa mu chiberekero, chifukwa chachitsulo china cha calcium chimayikidwa pa icho.
Mukudziwa? Pali lamulo: nkhuku zoyera "mphete" zimayika mazira oyera, ndi nkhuku zoyera - bulauni.
Kodi kudya chakudya kumakhudza mtundu wa dzira la dzira?
Zakudya zabwino ndizofunika kwambiri kuti apange mazira apamwamba. Nkhuku iyenera kulandira zakudya zomwe zimapereka zakudya zambiri, mavitamini ndi mchere. Popeza chipolopolo cha dzira ndi 90% ya calcium, kusowa kwake zakudya kumakhudza kwambiri maonekedwe. 
Mazira osadziwika amatha kuwoneka kapena, nthawi zambiri, sipadzakhala chipolopolo chonsecho. Ngati kudya nkhuku zowonjezera kwambiri mu chipolopolo zingakhale ndi mchenga.
Yoyera ndi yofiirira: kodi pali kusiyana
Kuwonjezera pa maonekedwe, palibe kusiyana pakati pa bulauni ndi zoyera. Monga taonera kale, chipolopolocho ndi choyera. Atakhala mu oviduct mpaka maola 26, amaipitsidwa ndi makina obisika.
Zidzakhalanso zothandiza kuti mudziwe momwe nkhuku za nkhuku zikusiyana ndi momwe mungasankhire, ngati n'zotheka kufotokoza mazira a nkhuku, kodi ndizofunika zotani kwa mazira a nkhuku, ngati n'kotheka kumwa ndi kudya mazira oyamba, momwe mungadziwire mazira atsopano kunyumba.
Zakudya ndi kulumikiza zimadalira kwambiri kudya zakudya zosanjikiza kusiyana ndi mtundu wa chipolopolocho.
Chomwe chimakhudza mtundu wa yolk
Mtundu wa nkhuku uli ndi zotsatira zina pa mtundu wa yolk. Grass ndi zomera zina, monga clover, chimanga ndi nyemba, zimadziwika kuti zimapanga chikasu cha yolk. 
Nkhumba
Mitundu yotereyi monga protoporphyrin IX ndi coprotoporphyrin III ndi imene imachititsa mtundu wa chipolopolocho, ndipo imayenanso mthunzi wa yolk. Pogwiritsira ntchito zakudya ndi pigments, utoto wautali umatha kupezeka osati kale kuposa tsiku la 10.
Mankhwala
Popeza mazira omwe ali ndi mthunzi wobiriwira amaonedwa kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino, nkhuku za nkhuku nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo mtundu wa pigments kudyetsa. Kwa munthu, palibe chovulaza chotere chonyamulidwa.
Chomwe chimatsimikizira kukula kwa nkhuku mazira
Kukula, komanso mtundu, makamaka kumakhudzidwa ndi:
- Zimabereka. Zowonjezereka zowonjezera, zazikulu zidzanyamula mazira.
- Zaka za nkhuku. Nkhuku zing'onozing'ono zimanyamula mitsempha yaying'ono, okalamba amakhala ndi zikuluzikulu.
- Zakudya. Ngati nkhuku sizidya bwino komanso zowonjezera, mazira adzakhala ochepa.
- Nthawi ya chaka M'nyengo ya chilimwe, nkhuku zimanyamula timatenda ting'onoting'ono kuposa kukula m'nyengo yozizira.
Ngakhale kuti pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimakhudza mtundu wa chipolopolocho, ziyenera kumveka kuti chofunika kwambiri ndi chibadwa cha chibadwa. Palibenso kugwirizana pakati pa mtundu wa chipolopolo ndi zakudya zabwino.Kwa wogula, mtundu wa eggshell usagwire ntchito yovuta pakusankha mazira. Nkofunika kwa alimi a nkhuku, chifukwa mazira owonjezereka amawasankhidwa ndi mtundu wa nkhumba. Izi zimatsimikizira kuchulukitsa kwa chiwongolero ndi thanzi la anapiye.
Mtundu umenewo umasonyeza kuti nkhuku siinali yopanikizika, inali ndi chakudya chamagulu ndipo sinali odwala panthaŵi yagona.
