Ng'ombe ya ng'ombe ndi nyumba yaing'ono kwa munthu, kumene nyamayi ili ndi maola khumi. Inde, malowa ayenera kukhala ophweka ngati angathe, okhutira zosowa zonse za ng'ombe. M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana momwe tingakhalire cholembera molondola, zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza gawo lake komanso kulondola ng'ombe.
Zofunika zowonjezereka za khola
Mwini aliyense mu bungwe la khola akutsogoleredwa ndi mphamvu zake ndi malo omwe alipo, omwe amamveka. Komabe, ngati mukufuna kupeza mkaka wochuluka wa mkaka kuchokera ku khola laling'ono, ndiye kuti muyenera kuganizira zofunikira zokhudzana ndi kayendedwe ka khola. Choyamba, zimaphatikizapo:
- kuthekera kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwachidali kwa nyama panthawi yopuma kapena kudyetsa;
- Kuletsedwa kwa kuyenda kwaulere kwa ng'ombe kunja kwa khola;
- kuthekera kwa kuchoka kwaulere ndi kulowa;
- kukula kwakukulu kwa khola kwa munthu aliyense, kulola kuti liyimire momasuka ndi kugona (pamalo oima, nyama iyenera kuikidwa m'khola ndi miyendo yonse inayi);
- kuthekera kwa kusamwa madzi ndi chakudya;
- kutseguka ndi liwiro la kukonzekera, kuti kumasulidwa panthaŵi yomweyo kwa anthu angapo kuchokera ku cholembera;
- mkulu wa antchito otetezeka;
- kuchepetsa ntchito zowonjezera.
Pokhapokha ngati zofunikira zonsezi zikwaniritsidwe, kodi tingathe kuyankhula za kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwa paddock.Mukudziwa? Chifukwa chosoŵa malo mu khola lalikulu, ng'ombe zimatha kugona ataima, osatseka maso awo. Zoona, chifukwa cholephera kugona, mkaka umachepa ndi 20%.
Momwe mungapangire khola la ng'ombe ndi manja anu
Pambuyo pofufuza zofunikira zonse za nkhokwe ya ng'ombe, zimakhala zokha kuti zisankhe malo abwino, kuwerengera kukula kwake ndipo mungathe kupitako mwachindunji makomawo enieni.
Miyeso ya penipeni
Tisanayambe kuyankhula za kukula kwa khola palokha, ndi bwino kusamalira kutalika kwake ndi nyumba zogona komanso magwero a madzi. Pafupifupi, mtengo uwu sayenera kukhala pansi pa mamita 15-20. Ngati muli ndi gawo la munda kapena munda wa masamba, mukhoza kumanga nkhokwe pafupi nawo, zomwe zingathandize kwambiri kuchotsa manyowa.
Kukula kwakukulu kwa nyumbayi kumawerengedwa malinga ndi chiwerengero cha ng'ombe, kuganizira zofunikira za m'deralo payekha. Kukula kwakukulu kwa khola ndiko motere:
- Ng'ombe yaikulu kapena ng'ombe yaikulu idzafuna chiwembu cha 1.1-1.2 m m'lifupi ndi 1.7-2.1 mamita m'litali;
- Ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe iyenera kuikidwa pambali 1.5 mamita ndi 2 mamita kutalika;
- kwa ng'ombe zamphongo - 1.25 mamitala ndi 1.4 mamita kutalika;
- kwa ana a ng'ombe - 1 mita mamita ndi 1.5 mamita yaitali.
Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zojambula zolembera ng'ombe. Pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo ziwiri, mbali ikuluikulu ikhoza kulumikizana ndi 1.5 mamita. Kutalika kwa chipinda cha chiwerengero chotero ndi -2.5-3 mamita kapena ngakhale apamwamba.Ndikofunikira! Powerengera kukula kwa khola, musaiwale za kufunikira kochotsa odyetserako nyama. Dampness kuchokera ku mpweya wawo sayenera kukhazikika pa chakudya, pokhapokha izo zidzatuluka mwamsanga.
Pansi pake
Pansi mu nkhokwe ndi imodzi mwa zigawo zofunika kwambiri, chifukwa m'zinthu zambiri thanzi la ng'ombe lidalira malingaliro ake. Iyenera kukhala yotentha ndi yowuma, kuthetsa kuthekera konse kwa madzi, mkodzo ndi zinyalala. Pachifukwachi, pansi pamapangidwa masentimita 10 pamwamba pa nthaka, chifukwa choperewera kwa mtundu uliwonse wa madzi.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, chiwerengero cha katundu chiyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita atatu, koma osapitirira, chifukwa izi zingasokoneze mkhalidwe wa miyendo ya ng'ombe, ndipo zimayambitsa kusokonekera kwa amayi.
Video: Dzipangireni mtengo wa nkhuni kwa ng'ombe
Pazitsulo zokhazokha, imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri ndizodothi ladongo. Kuzipanga, matabwa amangowonongeka ndi dongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phindu la manyowa likhale lopangidwa komanso kuti likhale lofanana. Mwinanso, matabwa a matabwa akhoza kuikidwa pansi, omwe, ngati kuli kofunikira, angathe kuchotsedwa mosavuta ndi kuyeretsedwa. Mzere wokwanira wa konkire si woyenera pa cholembera, ngakhale kuti ndi chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri. Nyama idzakhala yovuta ndi yozizira, yomwe siidzakhudza moyo wawo.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati nkhokwe yanu yapangidwa ndi ziweto zambiri, simungathe kuchita kopanda misonkho yapadera ya manyowa. Mphamvu imeneyi imakhala yochititsa chidwi kwambiri: kukula kwake ndi mamita 1.2 m'lifupi ndi 80 masentimita, ndipo manyowa amalowa mumtsinje wa groove yomwe imayikidwa kutsogolo kwa khola lililonse (masentimita 10 akuya, ndi masentimita 20).
Chida
Malo ozizira ozizira m'khola akhoza kutenthedwa ndi mipando yosankhidwa bwino. Izi zikhoza kukhala ndi masentimita makumi atatu a udzu, peat kapena utuchi, zomwe, mosiyana ndi njira yoyamba, zimatengera chinyezi bwino kwambiri, popanda kuvulaza ng'ombe. Kuwonjezera apo, kuyeretsa utuchi wa sawdust umapezeka mosavuta, wina amangokhala ndi dzanja lokhazikika. Ndibwino kuti mutenge malo osungirako zinyalala kamodzi kokha masiku angapo, komanso ngati mukuwonongeka kwambiri ndi ng'ombe zambiri - tsiku ndi tsiku. 
Mabedi abwino owuma amathandiza kwambiri kusamalila nyama ndipo ndibwino kupewa matenda a miyendo ya ng'ombe okha.
Nkhosa za ng'ombe za mkaka zimaonedwa kuti ndi Yaroslavl, Kholmogory, Jersey, Holstein, Chilatini cha bulauni, chifiira, Dutch, Ayrshire.
Zida zamakono
Pofuna kukonza cholembera, nkofunika kulingalira osati zong'onong'ono zokha kapena zophimba pansi, komanso mwayi wogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zina zowonongeka, zomwe zimadalira momwe ng'ombe zimasungidwira.
Video: Ng'ombe yotsegulidwa. Kupanga malo a ng'ombe
Ndi zomangamanga
M'nyumba yomwe ili ndi nyama zing'onozing'ono, zolembera zimapangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku matabwa a matabwa ndi mapaipi achitsulo, ngakhale kuti njerwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Chinthu chofunikira kukumbukira ndi malo oyenera a nyama: kutsogolo kwa wodyetsa ndi kumbuyo kumtunda.
Phunzirani zambiri za zomwe zimachitika pobeletsa Simmental, Shorthorn, Kazakh Whitehead, Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus ng'ombe.Pogwiritsa ntchito nsalu, akuyembekezerapo kugwiritsa ntchito khola monga malo okhala ndi ng'ombe, zomwe mosakayikira zimakhudza thanzi lake, zokolola ndi ntchito zobereka. Zizolowezi zazitali zamtunduwu zimadalira zikhalidwe za thupi ndi kukula kwa ng'ombe yokha, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mfundo zotsatirazi:
- kwa anthu pafupifupi - mpaka 100 cm;
- kwa anthu akulu - mpaka masentimita 120;
- Ng'ombe za pakati pa miyezi 7 mpaka 9 yoyembekezera - 150 cm.
Mpaka makumi asanu ndi awiri (50) akhoza kuikidwa mu mzere umodzi woterewu, komanso pofuna kuswana mabala akuluakulu ndi mabala akuluakulu, zida ziwiri zonse zimakhala ndi makilomita 0,6-0,75 m'lifupi. kapena mchira mpaka mchira.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati matabwa kapena zidutswa zazitsulo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kumanga makola a ng'ombe, khola la ng'ombe zazikulu ziyenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zowonjezereka, nthawi zonse ndi malo osakhazikika okonzekera chikhomo chochepa.
Omasuka
Nyumba zowonongeka za ng'ombe m'khola zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popeza ng'ombe, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala apa. Pachifukwa ichi, paddock ikuyimira ngati malo omangidwa ndi mpanda wolimba, omwe kukula kwake kumakhala molingana ndi magawo a nyama ndipo ndi oyenera kupanga pang'onopang'ono. Pofuna malo abwino, ng'ombeyo imakhala ndi malo osachepera 125 cm ndi 280 masentimita m'litali, komanso malo omwe amakhala pamtambo wokha, mtengowu ukhoza kuwonjezeka kufika mamita atatu. Pogwiritsa ntchito timitengo ting'onoting'onoting'ono, udder ndi kumbuyo kwa miyendo ya ng'ombe zidzakhala nthawi zonse, komwe zidzasokonekera mosavuta ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Njira yabwino yothetsera corral yonyansa ikhoza kukhala yowonongeka modabwitsa, kukula kwake kumayendetsedwa m'njira zingapo: kusuntha zigawo zam'mbali (m'lifupi mwa bokosiyo) kapena kusuntha bar kuti zifota, motero kusintha kutalika kwa pensulo. Komabe, pakali pano, pakukonza cholembera pogwiritsira ntchito zitoliro zitsulo, kufunika kowonjezera.
Video: Ng'ombe zazinyama. Zolemba zazitsulo
Mfundo ina yofunika kwambiri pazinthu zoweta ng'ombe m'matumba ndi zowonongeka bwino. Kutalika kwanthawi yayitali sikumangokhala ndi matenda a m'mphepete mwawo, komabe chitukuko cha matenda opweteka, chomwe chimakhala chotupa kwambiri cha udzu kapena utuchi, m'malo mwake, chimakhala chofunikira pazomweku.
Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe zamakedzana kwambiri zimatengedwa kuti Chianin, yomwe ili ndi zaka pafupifupi 2.5,000 za kukula kwake. Masiku ano, nthumwi yaikulu kwambiri ndi ng'ombe ya Donetto ku Italy: kutalika kwake pamakhala masentimita 185, ndipo kulemera kwake kumafikira makilogalamu 1,700.
Momwe mungamangirire ng'ombe mu khola
Ng'ombe yosungirako nthawi yayitali, imamangiriridwa ndi mpanda wofewa, koma chingwe cholimba, chokhala ndi kutalika kwa mamita 1.5. Izi ndizokwanira kuti nyama ifike kwa wodyetsa ndi kumwa kapena kugona. M'malo mwa chingwe, mungagwiritse ntchito unyinji wa kukula kwake, kuupeza pa khosi la nyamayo kuti lisayambitse vuto lililonse. Ndikoyenera kuti ng'ombe zonenepa zikhale zomangirizidwa ku khola ndi mndandanda waifupi, kuika mphutsi yake mwachindunji pa wodyetsa. 
Korral ya ng'ombe zomwe zili ndi ziweto zambiri ndizofunika kwambiri kuposa mlimi. Khola limakuthandizani kuti musamavutike kusamalira ng'ombe, pomwe mukukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino, makamaka ngati mungathe kukonza malo oterowo.
