Masiku ano, gawo lathu laling'ono la ziweto za EMKAR zimalembedwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Komabe, matendawa kwa zaka zopitirira zana amaonedwa kuti ndi owopsa kwambiri pakati pa opatsirana.
Ambiri omwe ali ndi matendawa. Komabe, ngati matendawa sapezeka m'thupi ndipo ntchito zowonongeka sizingatengedwe, matendawa amatha kuwononga kwambiri ngakhale kubzala nyama. Choncho, lero tikambirana za ngozi ya EMCAR, momwe tingachitire, momwe tingachitire komanso ngati ingalephereke.
Kodi emphysematous carbuncle (EMCAR) ndi chiyani?
Ichi ndi matenda aakulu kwa achinyamata. Zowononga kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe ali ndi miyezi 3-36, zinyama zambiri zimakhala ndi chitetezo cha thupi. Carbuncle ya emphysematous kapena EMCAR (lat. Gangraena emphysematosa) ndi matenda opatsirana omwe akuwopsa kwambiri. Kutsogoleredwa ndi malungo ndi mapangidwe mu minofu ya kutupa kwa crepitus.
Zimayambitsa
Anaerobes (Clostridium chauvoei) amaonedwa kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri m'thupi mwa ng'ombe. Pakuchitika kwake, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapanga spores ambiri ndipo amatha kukhalabe ofunikira kwa zaka zambiri.
Malo odyetserako ziweto ndi odwala amakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV m'madera ambiri kudzera mu zofiira ndi zosiyana siyana za anthu odwala. Clostridium chauvoei mosungika imapitirizabe ntchito yake m'madera otsetsereka komanso m'madera opanda madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Zowopsa kwambiri ndi malo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka ng'ombe zakufa. Matenda ambiri kumalo oterewa ndi ochulukirapo, choncho nyama zonse zakufa ziyenera kutenthedwa kapena kutayidwa pa mafakitale omwe akufuna kuti izi zichitike.M'dziko la mpumulo, ng'ombe za ECMAR zimatha kukhala m'nthaka yopanda chitetezo kwa zaka zambiri. Komanso, ulamuliro wochepa wa kutentha umakhudza zomwe zimawathandiza. Komabe, dzuwa lachindunji lingathe kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu tsiku. Mikangano imafanso m'maola awiri opitirira. Pakati pa mphindi 30 ndikupirira kutentha kwa + 120-150 ° C.
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amagwira ntchito bwino ndi ECMAR. Mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe a ma chloride ovomerezeka ndi wandolo mumphindi 10, ndi formaldehyde mu mphindi 15. Nyama imayambitsidwa ndi njira yowonjezera, komanso kudzera mu khungu lowonongeka kapena muzirombo.Nthawi yosakaniza ndi zizindikiro
Kuchokera panthawi ya matenda m'thupi mpaka zizindikiro zoyamba ziwoneke, masiku awiri amatha, makamaka masiku asanu ndi awiri. Kawirikawiri, matendawa amapezeka mwadzidzidzi, ndi ovuta ndipo amapezeka kawirikawiri mawonekedwe a carbunculosis. Nthawi zina, ECMAR ikhoza kuchitika mu njira yobweretsera. Pali zifukwa zowonongeka kwa matendawa mu mawonekedwe achimake, owoneka bwino.
Mukudziwa? Carbuncle ya emphysematous yakhala ikudziwika kwa nthawi yaitali. Komabe, mpaka 1872, matendawa ankaganiziridwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za anthrax. Kusiyanitsa matendawa F. Chaber.
Fomu yabwino
Ngati matendawa akuyamba kukula, matendawa amayamba ndi kutentha kwa 41-42 ° C. Pa nthawi yomweyi, m'madera omwe ali ndi minofu yabwino (khosi, chifuwa, ntchafu, ntchentche, chigawo cha submandibular), nthawi zambiri pakamwa ndi pammero pamakhala kutupa koyera kapena kochititsa manyazi. Akukula mofulumira.
Poyamba chiwombankhanga chimakhala champhamvu ndipo chimakhala ndi kutentha kwapamwamba. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, vutoli limapweteka, pamene likuphwanyidwa, kugwa kumveka, ndipo pakumveka, phokoso lomveka bwino lakumveka. Pa kutsegulira kwa edema, kutentha kofiira kwa foamy mofanana ndi fungo losasangalatsa la mafuta otentha kumatulutsidwa. 
Kenaka kutupa kumakhala kozizira. Khungu pamwamba pamdima limakhala lofiira. Ma lymph nodes am'deralo amakula ndipo amakula. Ngati makotoni akuwoneka pa ntchafu kapena mapewa, chinyama chimayamba kumangirira ndi kukoka miyendo. Ngati matendawa ali m'kamwa, lilime limakhudzidwa kwambiri. Ngati tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tafalikira ku pharynx, edema ndi yosasunthika pansi pamunsi pa chivundikiro.
Ndikofunikira! Zikakhala ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhudza minofu yambiri, matendawa amatha kukhazikika.Pamene njira yolimbana ndi matenda ikukula, ziweto zimachepa. Mfundo yakuti matendawa akukula akhoza kufotokoza khalidwe la ng'ombe:
- boma lopsinjika;
- kukana chakudya;
- chibadwa chodabwitsa chimatha;
- kupuma mofulumira.
Pambuyo pake, kuchepa kwa ntchito ya mtima, kuthamanga kumafulumira (100-120 kugunda pamphindi). Imfa imatha mu 1-2 masiku (nthawizina - masiku 3-10). Asanafe, kutentha kwa thupi kumatsika ndipo kumakhala kosavuta.Zokongola kwambiri
Njira yowonjezereka ya matendawa imapezeka kawirikawiri ndipo ambiri mwa zinyama zosakwana zaka zitatu. Matendawa amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a septic, popanda kupanga carbuncles. Nyama yodwala imamwalira pambuyo pa maola 6-12. Zizindikiro zazikulu za fomu ya hyperacute ndi:
- malungo;
- kusowa kwa njala;
- kuvutika maganizo.
Atypical
EMCAR ikhoza kupezeka mu mawonekedwe achilendo. Sichikuphatikiza ndi imfa ndipo chimangokhala ndi kuvutika maganizo kwa nyama ndi ululu mu minofu. Palibe ziphuphu mu mtundu umenewu.
Ndikofunikira! Mtundu wotchuka wa emphysematous carbuncle ndi odwala makamaka nyama zakale, zomwe ndi matenda omwe amatha kuchiritsidwa masiku ano.
Zofufuza za Laboratory
Popeza m'mabungwe ena a EMCAR mulibe zizindikilo zoonekeratu, ndipo ngati chitukuko chachikulu chikhoza kusokonezeka ndi matenda ena, matendawa ayenera kuchitidwa pamodzi. Kuti muchite izi, ganizirani izi:
- chithunzi chachipatala;
- mayesero a ma laboratory;
- Deta ya kafukufuku wamagulu a nyama yakugwa.
Kuyezetsa mabala kumachitika m'njira zingapo:
- Zinthuzo zimadetsedwa ndi othandizira omwe amagwirizana ndi mitundu yambiri ya mabakiteriya.
- Matenda owopsa amachotsedwa mu nyama-peptone msuzi. Kupitiriza kuphunzira chikhalidwe cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tipewe otsogolera matenda ena.
- Zotsatira za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimaperekedwa kuzilombo za ma laboratory (makamaka nkhumba za nkhumba), pambuyo pake zizindikiro zina zachipatala zimatsimikiziridwa.
Kufufuza pathologic
Pomwe palipotu, kusintha kwina kwapadera kumapezeka: mu minofu yapakati ndi m'mimba mwakachetechete pali kutukumuka kwa mtembo, madzi amchere amamasulidwa ku mphuno.
Pezani zomwe ng'ombe zikudwala.
Komanso pachitseko mungathe kuona chithunzichi:
- M'madera a minofu yowonongeka, kutchulidwa kosavuta kutchedwa edema kumaonekera, pa kutsegulira kumene kutukumula komwe kumakhala ndi thovu kumawoneka. Minofu ndi yofiira ndi yofiira, yodzala ndi mitsempha yamagazi.
- Pamene mukukonzekera nyama pa malo otchedwa serous ndi mucous kupeza mimba.
- Mwazi ndi wofiira, wakuda.
- Chiwindi chimakula, chimakhala ndi nthendayi. Nthawi zambiri kawirikawiri, koma nthawizina ndi ofunikira. Nthawi zina, zimagwirizana, chifukwa chake chiwindi chimakhala ndi matope.
- Nkhumba yodzazidwa ndi magazi, flabby.
Njira zolimbana ndi mankhwala
EMCAR imaonedwa ngati matenda ochiritsidwa kwambiri. Mankhwalawa ndi othandiza makamaka pa matenda oyambirira.
Ndikofunikira! Azimayi am'mawa amachenjeza kuti ngati munthu akuganiza kuti ali ndi carbuncle, sizingatheke kutsegula mtembo m'malo omwe sungapangidwenso.
Disinfection
Pambuyo pozindikira chilombo chodwala, icho chiri chokha. Gome amachiritsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda:
- formaldehyde;
- lime chloride;
- custic sled
Wodzipatula kumene nyama zodwala zilipo zimakhalanso ndi matenda opatsirana. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala: kamodzi patsiku, malinga ndi ndondomeko komanso pambuyo pa nyansi za munthu aliyense wodwalayo. Chakudya chatsala chatenthedwa. Ngati pangakhale vuto, ndiye kuti mitembo ya nyama zakufa, chakudya, manyowa, zinthu zosamalira zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito, zimatenthedwa.Ndikofunikira! Kusiyanitsa kumachotsedwa kokha pamene zizindikiro za matenda siziwoneka mkati mwa masiku 14.
Pozindikira kuti pulogalamu ya emphysematous carbuncle, famuyo imatsekedwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo pamatsatira malamulo otsatirawa:
- Ndikoletsedwa kutumiza ng'ombe kunja kwa famu ndi kuzipititsa ku minda ina;
- mpaka kuthetsa kwathunthu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, imodzi sayenera kusakaniza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama;
- ziweto zonse sizinapangidwe katemera;
- chakudya, malonda ndi manyowa sangathe kuchotsedwa ku famu;
- Musagwiritse ntchito mkaka ndi nyama kuchokera ku zinyama.
Mankhwala a zinyama
EMCAR imafuna njira yowonjezera ya chithandizo. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakali pano ndi maantibayotiki. Koma, panthawi imodzimodziyo, amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe amajambulidwa ndi subcutaneously, komanso amasamba carbuncles ndi njira zenizeni. Nthawi zambiri, pochiza matenda pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa (zonse zimachitidwa intramuscularly):
- Penicillin. Jekeseni imodzi imaperekedwa maola asanu ndi limodzi (6) mpaka mutachiritsidwa bwino kapena kukhazikika kwa chikhalidwe chonse. Dose - magawo 3000-5000 pa 1 makilogalamu a kulemera kwa nyama.
- Biomitsin. Lowani kamodzi pa tsiku kwa masiku asanu. Mlingo - 3-4 mg pa 1 kg wolemera.
- Dibiomycin. Chiwerengero - jekeseni imodzi nthawi imodzi. Kusokoneza - magawo 40000 pa 1 makilogalamu a kulemera kwa moyo.
- Amoxicillin. Chiwerengero cha jekeseni - 2 pa nthawi ndi nthawi ya masiku awiri. Mlingo - 15 mg pa 1 kg wolemera.
Posachedwa, ma antibayotiki a mbadwo watsopano akuwonekera, omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri. Zovuta zawo - zimakhala zodula kwambiri kuposa zachikhalidwe. Panthaŵi imodzimodzimodzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki, malo okhudzidwawo amachotsedwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito:- 5% lysol yankho;
- 2% yankho la hydrogen peroxide;
- 4% carboxylic acid solution;
- 0.1% yankho la manganese.
Ndikofunikira! Kutsika kuzungulira sikungagwire ntchito ndipo kumaonedwa ngati wopanda pake.Ngati abscess imatsegulidwa ndipo kutuluka kwa madzi kumachoka, ndiye kuti malowa ayenera kupukutidwa bwinobwino ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate kapena hydrogen peroxide.
Kupewa ndi Katemera
Pambuyo podwala matendawa, chiwopsezo cha m'thupi chimapangidwa. Ntchito yofunika kwambiri monga seramu zoterezi zikusiyana:
- Katemera wa hydroxide aluminium wapangidwe katemera. Amateteza thupi kwa miyezi 6-7.
- Khalani osakayikira. Amapereka chitetezo cha mthupi kwa miyezi 12 ndi yaitali.
- Siriamu yamoyo motsutsana ndi carbuncle yowopsya ndi yamphongo.
Pofuna kuteteza matenda obwera chifukwa cha matendawa, khalani ndi zovuta zogwirira ntchito:- Ng'ombe zomwe zangotengedwa kumene zimatetezedwa.
- Chitani katemera wa anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo omwe akukhala m'madera osauka.
- Achinyamata a zaka zitatu mpaka 4 ali ndi katemera chaka chilichonse. Malingana ndi nyengo yoyenda kapena mawonekedwe a katemera, zochitika zimachitika kawiri pachaka (2 milungu isanayambe nyengo yodyetserako msipu ndi miyezi sikisi kenako).
- Ng'ombe za ng'ombe zikuyenera kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga pang'ono.
- Mukhoza kuthirira madzi ndi madzi ochokera m'madzi oyera.
- Chakudya chiyenera kukhala chapamwamba kwambiri. Musalore kulowetsedwa kwa nthaka particles, zinyalala ndi zinyalala zina.
- Ngati kuyang'aniridwa kwa ng'ombe kuli ndi nkhawa zokhudza kukhalapo kwa EMCAR, anthu amatha kusamitsidwa.
- Mabwinja ndi ziweto zina nthawi zambiri zimatetezedwa.
- Simungayende ng'ombe pafupi ndi manda a ng'ombe.
Mukudziwa? Malo a nthaka kapena nthaka-nyengo ikugwirizana ndi EMCAR sanakhazikitsidwe. Nozareal imakwirira malo onse.Monga mukuonera, EMCAR ndi imodzi mwa matenda oopsa kwambiri a ziweto, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatha pa imfa ya zinyama. Ndikovuta kwambiri kuchiza matendawa ndipo nthawi zambiri chimatha pa imfa. Choncho, cholinga chachikulu chiyenera kukhala pa njira zothandizira ndi katemera pofuna kupewa matenda onse.
