Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya feteleza organic

Ambiri wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa, mosasamala kanthu za mbeu zomwe zimalima, amakonda zakudya zam'kati zomwe zimapezeka ku zinyama kapena kumera. Choncho, lero tilankhulana za kukula kwa feteleza, ndikukambirana za zabwino ndi zolakwika zawo.

Manyowa

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zonyansa zakutchire, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa zomera zina. Koma musananene za kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa, tiyeni tiyankhule za mawonekedwe ake.

Mitengo ya manyowa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga feteleza zaulimi:

• ndowe yamphongo;
• manyowa a akavalo;
• manyowa a nkhumba;

Khola la ng'ombe. Mtundu uwu wa manyowa ndi umodzi mwa "wotchuka", monga umagwiritsiridwa ntchito kufesa mbewu zambiri. Zomwe zimayambitsa manyowa zimaphatikizapo izi: nitrogen (3.5 g), calcium (2.9 g), phosphorous (3 g), potaziyamu (1.4 g).

Ngakhale kuchuluka kwake, ndowe ya ng'ombe ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yambiri yopanda thanzi, choncho ndikofunikira kuyika mu nthaka yochepetsetsa mochuluka kapena pamodzi ndi feteleza zina.

Manyowa a mahatchi. Poyerekeza ndi manyowa a ng'ombe, kavalo ndi wathanzi komanso wamtengo wapatali, chifukwa uli ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomera pakukula kwawo.

Kupanga: nayitrogeni (4.7 g), calcium (3.5 g), phosphorous (3.8 g), potaziyamu (2 g).

Poyang'ana zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, mukhoza kuona kuti zomwe zili ndi nayitrojeni, calcium ndi phosphorous ndizomwe zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri kuposa ndowe ya ng'ombe, kotero ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuposa mullein. Manyowa a mahatchi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufesa mbewu zotsatirazi: maungu, zukini, mbatata, nkhaka, kabichi.

Pochita feteleza miyambo imeneyi, mudzatha kuonjezera zokolola zawo kangapo popanda kuika mankhwala. Komanso, chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu, mtundu wa manyowa umalowa m'zipinda zowonjezera pamabedi otentha.

Tikukupemphani kuti muwerenge nkhaniyi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito manyowa opangira manyowa m'munda wanu ndi m'munda wa masamba.

Nkhumba yamchere. Kugwiritsira ntchito manyowa a nkhumba kuti manyowa chiwembu ndiwopseza kwambiri, chifukwa ndi mtundu waukulu wa feteleza watsopano. Kuti mumvetse zomwe zilipo, yang'anirani zomwe zikuphatikizapo: nayitrogeni (8.13 g), calcium (7, 74 g), phosphorous (7.9), potaziyamu (4.5 g). Nitrogeni yokhudzana ndi manyowa a nkhumba imakhala pafupifupi kawiri konse kuposa zomwe zili muzida za akavalo.

Choncho Kugwiritsira ntchito molakwika nkhumba za nkhumba zingathe kuwononga zomera zilizonse m'dera lamuna. Manyowa atsopano angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga gwero la nayitrojeni, koma ngakhale pakali pano ayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi ambiri, mwinamwake mudzatentha mizu ya zomera.

Ndikofunikira! Manyowa a nkhumba amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azimidya nthaka. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti madontho ovunda ali ndi nthenda yambiri yambewu ndi udzu.

Kugwiritsira ntchito manyowa monga feteleza wa feteleza kumakhala kovomerezeka komanso kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi olima wamaluwa komanso osamalira wamaluwa. Popeza kuti zowonongeka zatsopano zimaphatikizapo nayitrogeni, mbewu zamsongole, nyongolotsi ndi tizilombo tina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zotere popanda composting kapena kuchepetsa ndizoopsa kwambiri. Sitikulimbikitsanso kugwiritsa ntchito zonyansa zakutchire pamene mukukula chilichonse.

Humus

Polankhula za feteleza zokhala ndi feteleza, humus imabwera m'maganizo mwamsanga, yomwe imakonda kwambiri feteleza.

Humus - Ichi ndi feteleza, chomwe chimasanduka manyowa abwino kapena chomera chotsalira pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri zowola. Manyowawa ali ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa chinyezi komanso kuchuluka kwa zakudya m'thupi lonse.

Mitundu yonse yapamwamba ya manyowa kapena zitsamba zilizonse pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri za kusasitsa kapena composting zimasanduka humus, momwe mulibe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena mabakiteriya, mbewu zamsongole kapena zoopsya zina kwa zomera ndi anthu.

Humus imangowonjezera nthaka, komanso imasintha kayendedwe kake. Zimathandizira kusunga chinyezi mu dothi la mchenga ndikupanga dothi lakuda dothi.

Zokongola mbali za humus:

• yoyenera mbewu iliyonse;
• osakhala poizoni;
• kumathandiza kuti nthaka isasinthe;
• angagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi iliyonse ya chaka;
• Kuwonjezera kukolola kwa chakudya chodyetsedwa, komanso kukula kwa nthaka;
• si owopsa kwa anthu ndi zomera;
• angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga biofuel.

Magulu olakwika a humus:

• kufunika kokhala buku lalikulu pa gawo lonse;
• mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa fetereza;
• phindu ndi kulengedwa zimadalira zakudya za nyama zomwe zimapezeka (zimatanthauza manyowa);
• pamene mukugula manyowa atsopano, muyenera kuyembekezera nthawi yaitali kuti mutenge humus;
• kufunika kogawa malo aakulu kuti zisungidwe za feteleza.

Choncho, zotsatirazi ndi izi: kugwiritsa ntchito humus ndikopindulitsa pokhapokha ngati mukulima ng'ombe ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala kuti mupange chiwembu chanu. Ngati manyowa atagulidwa, ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kuzigwiritsa ntchito kudyetsa mbewu zamtengo wapatali zomwe zili ndi mtengo wapatali kapena zakudya zamtengo wapatali.

Zojambula za mbalame

Pofotokoza za feteleza, mitundu ndi zizindikiro zake, ndizosatheka kutchula zitosi za mbalame, zomwe zinawachitikira wamaluwa kapena wamaluwa omwe sagwiritse ntchito. Tidzapeza ngati zinyalalazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazifukwa zabwino, kapena ndi bwino kutaya momwe tingathere kuchokera kumtunda.

Kuti tidziwe kuchuluka kwake ndi mwayi wogwiritsira ntchito zitosi za mbalame, timalingalira kuti zikupanga: nayitrogeni (16 g), phosphorous (15 g), potaziyamu (9 g), calcium (24 g).

Monga mukuonera, zitoliro za mbalame zimakhala 2 kuposa "manyowa" a nkhumba zokhudzana ndi nayitrogeni. Mudzanena kuti ngati ndowe ya nkhumba siingagwiritsidwe ntchito, zitosi za mbalame ndizoopsa kwambiri kwa zomera. Komabe, zonse ndi zosiyana kwambiri.

Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsira ntchito manyowa atsopano a nkhuku sikuletsedwa.

Pofuna kuti asapse mizu ya zomera ndi bwino kutaya nyansi ya mbalame, zowonongeka zatsopano zingathe kuikidwa pa kompositi kapena kuchepetsedwa kwa kuvala pamwamba. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito nkhuku zotsalira kuti muzitsamba mitengo ya zipatso. Komabe, izi n'zotheka nthawi imene zinyalala zili ndi nyansi zochepa.

Phunzirani momwe mungasamalire ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zitosi za nkhuku.

Zinthu zabwino:

• imathandizira kukolola zipatso;
• kumawonjezera zokolola;
• kumalimbikitsa chitetezo chomera;
• osakhala poizoni;
• chilengedwe chonse (chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mbewu zambiri);
• amatha zaka zitatu atalowa pansi.

Mbali zolakwika:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa kumabweretsa chiwonongeko chonse pa malo;
• kumafuna kukalamba kapena kusungunula m'madzi;
• Kuwonjezera pa dothi kumapangitsa nthaka kukhala yosayenera kubzala chaka chimodzi.

Zotsatirazi, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ntchito ya ndowe ya mbalame ndi yabwino kwa theka la composting. Mavitamini a nitrojeni amachepa pakapita miyezi ingapo, zomwe zimatanthauza kuti fetereza imakhala yotetezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndizabwino kugwiritsa ntchito zitsamba za nkhuku kuchokera kwa anthu apakhomo, popeza kugula sikungamvetsetse ndalama.

Zitovu za kalulu

Zitovu za kalulu - imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino yatsopano ya feteleza ya feteleza, popeza kusasinthasintha kwake kumapangitsa kuti zosavuta kusamutsa, ndipo kupezeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi udzu kumapangitsa kuti zinyansi zikhale zotetezeka kwa anthu ndi zomera.

Maonekedwe a manyowa: nayitrogeni (6 g), potaziyamu (6 g), calcium (4 g), magnesium (7 g).

Manyowa a kalulu, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya zowonongeka mwatsopano, akhoza kuyamba kupangidwa ndi ufa, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa chinyezi ndi chochepa kwambiri. Manyowa ochuluka amapezeka ndi nthaka (supuni ya 1/3 pa 1 makilogalamu a nthaka) ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la zomera za m'nyumba. Komanso, manyowa a kalulu ndi oyenera kumera feteleza omwe amafunikira magnesium ambiri, popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya manyowa sichikhala ndi izi.

Zimanenedwa kuti kuyambika kwa zitsulo zam'mimba zam'mimba m'nthaka kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zofanana pa zomera monga manyowa ena - kuwotcha mizu.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati zinyalala zikuwoneka ndi kutentha, ndiye kuti nayitrogeni yonse idzasanduka madzi ndipo feterezayo idzataya gawo la mkango. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi madzi otentha otentha.

Popeza kalulu wa kalulu sagwiritsidwa ntchito mwangwiro, akhoza kuikidwa pa kompositi kapena kupanga madzi kulowetsedwa. Chomera choterechi ndi chofunika kwambiri pa ulimi.

Lembani zinthu zabwino za zitosi za kalulu.:

• zosavuta kuyenda;
• kulemera kwake kwachilengedwe ndi kulemera kwake;
• zovala zapamwamba zonse;
• kulibe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi udzu.

Mbali zolakwika:

• feteleza wochuluka amawononga zomera m'dera;
• kufunika koti chithandizo chisanachitike (composting, infusion);
• zochepa zokolola za feteleza ndipo, motero, mtengo wapamwamba;
• pa kuyanika theka la zinthu zothandiza zatayika;
• Ntchito yatsopano ndi yosatheka.

Zimakhala zogwiritsira ntchito malonda a kalulu amagwira ntchito ngati mukudziweta nokha kapena mungathe kugula feteleza pamakampani ogonjetsa. Monga momwe zilili ndi manyowa atsopano, zitovu za kalulu sizowonjezera kuti zikhale pansi popanda kukalamba (composting kapena infusion).

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mbuzi kapena nkhosa pa famu yawo, akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa monga feteleza, monga ndiponseponse.

Kompositi

Kompositi ndi feteleza yachiwiri yotchuka kwambiri pambuyo pa humus, ndipo yoyamba mtengo ndi yokonzeka kukonzekera.

Kompositi ndi feteleza, koma siyense angayankhe funsolo.

Kompositi - zotsalira zamagulu zomwe zasokonekera kwa nthawi yina pansi pa chikoka cha malo akunja kapena zipangizo zirizonse. Kukonzekera kwa kompositi, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osakaniza (kuphatikizapo mizu), manyowa, peat, masamba, mitengo, zinyama, zinyama, zakudya zosayenera, mazira, komanso ntchentche za anthu.

Werengani komanso momwe mungapangire phulusa ndi manja anu.

Manyowa abwino kwambiri sakhala otsika mu khalidwe ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zothandiza ndi humus. Choncho, kompositi imagwiritsidwa ntchito muyezo umodzi monga humus. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa kuti muzitsamba zomera zonse m'munda, m'munda kapena m'nyumba.

Kompositi pluses:

• nthawi yaying'ono ndi chuma;
• chilengedwe chonse pakugwiritsa ntchito;
• palibe zowononga ndi mbewu zamsongole;
• mtengo wochepa wa feteleza;
• Nyama iliyonse kapena zotsalira zamasamba zili zoyenera monga zipangizo;

Kompositi amawononga:

• Mtengo wa feteleza umadalira zipangizo;
• fungo losasangalatsa pakuwonongeka kwa zatsalira;
• Malo ambiri amafunika kusunga kompositi;
• Malo amodzi ndi ofunika kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza;
• kugula kompositi ikhoza kukhala yochepa kwambiri kwa zomera.

Choncho, kompositi ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kufesa malo, makamaka ngati muli ndi zowonongeka zowonongeka tsiku ndi tsiku.

Manyowa ang'onoang'ono amathandiza kwambiri kuti azidyetsa zomera kwa miyezi itatu yotsatira, choncho zimakhala bwino kwambiri kukumba pansi pa mitengo ya zipatso (peyala, apulo, mtedza, etc.), zitsamba za zipatso (currants, mphesa, raspberries, mabulosi akuda, nyamakazi) ndi mabedi a masamba.

Komabe, sitinayamikire kompositi yogula, popeza simudziwa kuti zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zikhale zotani (mwachitsanzo, kusamba kwa madzi).

Phulusa

Lidzakhala funso la phulusa ndipo zomwe zimapangidwa pambuyo pakuwotcha masamba zimakhalabe pa siteti ndi manyowa. Kodi phulusa lingatipatse chiyani ndipo ndi lofunika bwanji?

Mafuta a phulusa, malingana ndi zipangizo zopsereza, amaphatikizapo zinthu monga: phosphorous, calcium, potaziyamu, magnesium, sulfure, boron, manganese ndi zina. Izi zikutanthauza kuti phulusa, monga mitundu yapitayi ya feteleza, imakhala ndi mankhwala oyenera omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale zokolola zambiri komanso nthaka yabwino.

Phulusa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa feteleza Mbewu iliyonse pa chiwembu, popeza mulibe zinthu zambiri zomwe zingathe kuwononga kapena kutentha zomera. Komabe, muyenera kusamala mukamagwiritsa ntchito phulusa m'madera omwe ali ndi mitsempha yapamwamba, chifukwa ikhoza kukuthandizani.

Ndikofunikira! Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa muwiri ndi feteleza "acidic", omwe amapangidwa ndi nayitrogeni.

Feteleza omwe ali ndi nayitrogeni: urea, potaziyamu nitrate, ammonium nitrate, azophoska, nitroammofoska, nitrophoska.

Zosangalatsa:

• Kukonzekera kosavuta kwa feteleza;
• kusawopsa kwa chomera kapena munthu;
• kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito gawo limodzi;
• mosavuta pa kayendedwe ndi kusungirako;
• palibe zonunkhira zosasangalatsa;
• fetereza feteleza;
• Chidacho sichifuna zina zothandizira kapena kuwonetsa.

Mbali zolakwika:

• phindu la phulusa limadalira zipangizo zopsereza;
• Phulusa, monga feteleza, si yoyenera mbewu zomwe zimakonda nthaka yosalala.

Phulusa ndilofanana ndi kompositi, popeza mtengo wake umadalira zipangizo zomwe zimagulitsidwa.

Popeza phulusa silikhala ndi chlorine, liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku mbewu zowonjezera klorini, monga raspberries, red currants, strawberries, nkhaka, zukini, letesi, nandolo, mbatata.

Ngati inu nokha mutenga phulusa, zotsalira zowonongeka, ndiye feteleza iyi ili ndi ndalama zero ndipo ili yabwino kwambiri kuti iwonjezere zipatso ndi kuchepetsa acidity ya nthaka.

Mukudziwa? M'makampani ogulitsa, phulusa limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu ina ya konkire.

Peat

Peat - Chomera chobiriwira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera zokolola za mbewu zaulimi ndi kudyetsa zomera zamkati. Ndipotu izi zimakhala zotsalira za zomera kapena zinyama, ndipo zakutchire zimakhala ndi mapepala ambirimbiri, m'madera otentha kwambiri komanso opanda mpweya wabwino.

Peat ili ndi zinthu zoterezi.: nayitrogeni, calcium, chitsulo, fluorine, silicon, aluminium, manganese ndi ena.

Peat, ngakhale kuti ili ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a humus, silingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwa mawonekedwe ake enieni ndi kuchulukitsa zokololazo. Zonse chifukwa feteleza ndi osauka m'thupi. Mwachitsanzo, kukhalapo kwa zakudya mu feteleza kungafanane ndi zakudya zamtundu wa caloric.

Chakudya chingakhale ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza, koma zakudya zake, panthawi yomweyo, zingakhale zochepa kwambiri. Zingathenso chimodzimodzi za peat. Choncho, ngati "mubzala" mbeu zanu zokhazokha, musamayembekezere kuwonjezeka kwa zipatso.

Manyowa ali ndi nayitrogeni wochuluka, kotero mu mlingo waukulu nthaka imakhala yodetsedwa kwambiri, yomwe ndi yoyenera kukumbukira pamene yayikidwa mu nthaka.

Ubwino wa peat:

• lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha zinthu zing'onozing'ono ndi zazikulu;
• mosavuta kunyamula ndi kusungidwa;
• sichisokoneza anthu kapena zomera;
• peat angapezeke kunyumba;
• Sangagwiritsidwe ntchito monga feteleza, komanso ngati mafuta;
• kumasula nthaka, kuzipangitsa kuti ziziyenda bwino;
• zoyenera ku mbeu zambiri ndi zipinda.

Zosowa za peat:

• mtengo wapatali;
• Amayambitsa kwambiri oxidizes nthaka (pogwiritsidwa ntchito mwangwiro);
• zopanda phindu monga feteleza pa dothi lachonde;
• Manyowa owuma ndi ovuta kufotokozera kumasulidwa kwa zinthu zofunika;
• peat amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufesa mbewu pa malo pokhapokha mogwirizana ndi zakudya zina.

Izo zikutulukira kuti peat - feteleza, yomwe imayenera kuikidwa m'nthaka ndi mchere wambiri. Peat yoyera imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha phulusa la nthaka, kutanthauza kuti limafuna zowonjezera zowonjezera (mwachitsanzo, phulusa), zomwe zimatha kuyeza pH.

Mukudziwa? Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adye mafuta kuchokera m'nyanja kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komanso kuti azitha kumwa madzi osokoneza.

Mu kanema iyi, fotokozani momwe mungapangire peat ndi manja anu.

Biohumus

Biohumus - Imeneyi ndi manyowa omwe apangidwa ndi mphutsi. Izi ndizowonongeka kuntchito.

Biohumus ndi wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa "wamaluwa" ndi wamaluwa, monga momwe zimagwiritsire ntchito kompositi ndi humus, komabe feteleza iyi ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zonse zothandiza komanso mchere.

Phunzirani zambiri za ubwino wa mphutsi m'munda mwathu ndi momwe amachitira potengera humus.

Kuonjezera apo, vermicompost (liquid vermicompost) ili ndi mabakiteriya ambiri opindulitsa omwe amalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi cha chomera ndikuthandizira kuti chitukukocho chikule.

Feteleza akupanga: nayitrojeni (20 g), phosphorous (20 g), potaziyamu (15 g), calcium (mpaka 60 g), chitsulo (mpaka 25 g), magnesium (mpaka 23 g), zinthu zakuthupi zopitirira ½ pa misa.

Mosiyana ndi feteleza zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, biohumus si yabwino yokha nthaka ndi masamba, koma imayimiranso "nthaka yakuda", yomwe imapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale ndi chonde.

Kuti tipeze kufunika kwa feteleza chotero, timapereka mafanizo ena. Kuyamba kwa 1 tani ya manyowa kumaonjezera zokolola za tirigu pa 11-12 makilogalamu pa hekitala, kuyambika kwa msolo womwewo wa biohumus kumawonjezera zokololazo ndi 130-180 makilogalamu. Ndi kovuta kukhulupirira, koma ndi zomwe ziri. Ndipotu mumagwiritsa ntchito feteleza omwe ali ndi chonde kuposa nthaka yabwino.

Zosangalatsa:

• chiwerengero cha ntchito;
• palibe zowononga kapena mbewu zamsongole;
• chitsimikizo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
• osakhala poizoni;
• kukwaniritsa zosowa zonse za zomera;
• samasamba ndi madzi;
• angapezeke kunyumba;
• Kuwonjezera pazomwe sikuwotcha nthaka (n'kosatheka kudzala mu biohumus yoyera).

Mbali zolakwika:

• mtengo wamtengo wapatali kwambiri wogula biohumus (pafupifupi $ 350 pa tani);
• N'zosatheka "kukonzekera" feteleza kunyumba popanda kugula mphutsi yapadera;
• njira yokonzekera vermicompost imatenga nthawi yaitali.

Izo zikutulukira kuti vermicompost - feteleza yabwino kwa mbewu iliyonse, ngati simukumbukira mtengo wake. Ngati muli ndi nthawi yochuluka ndipo muli ndi ndalama zoyamba - ndiyetu muyenera kuyambitsa pang'ono kupanga feteleza.

Werengani za momwe mungapangire biohumus ndi manja anu.

Ngati mufuna kugula biohumus, ndiye kuti ndi kopindulitsa kwambiri kudyetsa mbewu zokhazokha zomwe mukuyamba kuti mugulitse. Mulimonsemo, ndalama sizilipira, kotero musanagule feteleza chotero, muyenera kulingalira mosamala chilichonse.

Manyowa obiriwira (feteleza wobiriwira)

Siderata - Izi ndi zomera zomwe zimakula kuti zilowetse pansi. Manyowa abwino amapangitsa nthaka kukhala ndi nayitrogeni yokha komanso mosavuta.

Mitengoyi imaphatikizapo: nyemba zonse, mpiru, rapesed, tirigu "standard", phacelia, buckwheat. Pafupifupi, zikhalidwe pafupifupi mazana anayi zingathe kugwira ntchito.

Kudyetsa sideratov kumathandizira kupanga zokolola za nthaka ndikuwonjezera zokolola za mbatata zanu.

Timabzala Mwachitsanzo, nandolo. Atangopeza zobiriwira zobiriwira, timayika pansi ndipo patapita nthawi timabzala mbewu zazikulu m'malo muno. Nandolo imatha kubzala ndi kupereka zakudya zathu ndi zakudya.

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito sideratov:

• palibe mantha kwa zomera kapena anthu;
• palibe chifukwa chokhalira malo osungirako feteleza;
• chiwerengero cha ntchito;
• Kukhalapo kwa zinthu zofunika zomwe zili zofunika kwa zomera;
• Kuwonjezera pa zovuta sizingatheke, chifukwa masamba obiriwira sagunda "pakanthawi";
• nsonga zokonzanso ndi zina zatsalira zomwe zimamasulidwa;
• feteleza sizimayambitsa nthaka.

Wogwiritsira ntchito sideratov:

• zowola zimakhala pafupifupi zaka ziwiri, kotero sipadzakhala kusintha kofulumira m'nthaka;
• nthawi ndi ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala ndikukula sideratov;
• N'zosatheka kutumiza fetereza imeneyi pamtunda wautali;
• Zowonongeka zimathetsa nthaka, zakudya zowonjezera;
• Manyowa a mtundu wobiriwira ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya feteleza kuti zitheke.

Izo zikutulukira kuti kubzala mbewu zobiriwira, ngakhale zimapanga mbewu, koma zimadalira ndalama zowonjezera kuchokera kwa inu zomwe sizikhoza kudziyesa nokha.

Malinga ndi kusankha kwa mbeu yomwe idzakhale feteleza, phindu la feteleza lotere limasiyana, choncho ndibwino kuti mutseke zomera zomwe mbewuzo zimakololedwa (kapena mbali imodzi) kuti ziwononge ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbewu ndi kuthirira.

Zakudya Zakudya (Zakudya Zakudya)

Chakudya cha mafupa - ndi nthaka ya mafupa a ng'ombe kapena nsomba.

Tiyeni tiyankhule za nyama ya mafupa. Manyowawa ali ndi phosphorous ndi calcium, kotero zimakwaniritsa zokhumba za zomera m'zinthu izi. Momwemonso pamapangidwe a fupa muli zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu zizikula.

Chakudya cha nsomba. Chogwiritsanso ntchito chomwecho, chomwe chimapezeka pogaya ndikupera mafupa a nsomba zosiyana. Ufa umenewu uli ndi nayitrogeni wambiri, omwe sapezeka pamphongo. Kuonjezera apo, phosphorous ndi yapamwamba kuposa mafupa.

Ndikofunikira! Pakadyerera kwambiri, chakudya cha fupa chimagwiranso ntchito monga superphosphate, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukala msanga kwa zomera ndikupangitse zotsatira zina.

Ndibwino kukumbukira kuti chakudya cha pfupa chimachepetsa acidity m'nthaka, choncho chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa dothi la alangizi ndi oxidizing wothandizira, omwe amafanana ndi pH mlingo.

Mbali yabwino ya fupa:

• Sili ndi zoipitsa, zowononga ndi mbewu zamsongole;
• ali ndi mtengo wotsika;
• ndi yosungirako bwino "shelf moyo" sali ochepa;
• ali ndi zotsatira zotalika, kotero zomera zimalandira zinthu zonse muzitsamba zazing'ono;
• zoyenera pa mbewu iliyonse yomwe chitukuko chimadalira phosphorus ndi calcium;
• Angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa acidity ya dothi;
• zosavuta kunyamula ndi kusunga;
• alibe fungo losasangalatsa.

Ziphuphu zochepa za mafupa:

• zovuta kuphika kunyumba;
• si fetereza yovuta;
• Ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito molakwika, mukhoza kuwonjezera phosphorous peresenti m'nthaka ndipo nthawi zina simukuyenera kubzala mbewu zambiri.

Izo zikutulukira kuti Ndizosatheka kupanga chakudya chapafu kunyumba, kotero izi ndizogulidwa kwina. Ndizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza monga kuphatikizapo feteleza ena omwe ali ndi phosphorous ndi calcium. Gwiritsani ntchito mawonekedwe ake enieni sangagwire ntchito, ndipo kuwonjezera pake kumusiyani popanda mbewu.

Mukudziwa? Pofuna shuga ya gome kuchokera ku shuga wa nzimbe, mapesi a nzimbe amathyoledwa, akulekanitsa madzi kuchokera ku zamkati. Madzi amatsukidwa pogwiritsa ntchito fupa, yomwe imakhala ngati fyuluta (zipangizo ndi mafupa a ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe).

Chiwombankhanga

Chiwombankhanga, kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthaka mulching, kupulumutsa zomera ku madontho amphamvu otentha ndi namsongole. Kuyika mwachindunji udzu waung'ono pansi sikungopereka zotsatira zabwino, komanso kumapangitsa kuti nthaka iwonongeke, zomwe ziyenera kukumbukira.

Nanga momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito utuchi wamtundu ngati feteleza? Pali njira zitatu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito: nthaka mulching, composting, kusakaniza ndi manyowa / humus.

Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kusakaniza mwatsopano utuchi ndi manyowa abwino, chifukwa nkhuni zipsya zimadya kwambiri nayitrogeni.

Ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito nthaka mulching ndi utuchi, ndiye Kwa nthawi yoyamba iwo azichita okha chitetezo. Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu zokha, pamene njira zowola, phulusa lidzadyetsa dothi ndikupereka zothandiza kwa zomera zomwe anabzala.

Kompositi Udzu, monga zotsalira zina, ukhoza kuikidwa pa composting ndipo m'tsogolomu upeze feteleza wabwino. Kusakaniza ndi humus kapena manyowa. Njirayi ikulimbikitsidwa kuti iigwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo obiriwira ndi malo otentha kuti ithe kutentha kwa nthaka ndikupangitsanso kumasula.

Ubwino wa utuchi:

• kumasula mwangwiro nthaka;
• angapezeke kunyumba;
• mtengo wotsika;
• Angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chitetezo, chomwe chimatha kukhala feteleza;
• Mukhoza kuchepetsa acidity m'nthaka kapena kuonjezera pogwiritsa ntchito utuchi wouma kapena wouma;
• kumasuka kwa kayendedwe ndi kusungirako;
• palibe fungo.

Nkhumba ya utuchi:

• nthawi yowola kwambiri (mpaka zaka khumi);
• Nsupa zatsopano zitha kukopera nayitrojeni pansi, ndipo zowola zimatha kuyambitsa nthaka kumtundu woterewu kuti kokha chowawa chidzakula pamwamba pake;
• alibe chakudya chamtengo wapatali cha zomera;
• Zitsamba zamalonda zingakhale ndi zosafunika za varnishes ndi zojambulazo zomwe zili poizoni kwa zomera.

Momwemo, utuchi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito ngati "kuponda", komwe kumapeto pake kudzadyetsa mbewu, osati ngati feteleza yamtengo wapatali.

Ngati pali tonnage yaikulu ya zipatso zatsopano, ndiye bwino kuika pa kompositi, pakali pano, muthamanga feteleza.

Mukudziwa? Mowa, woyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ukhoza kupangidwa kuchokera ku utuchi.

Il

Il (sapropel) - Zomera ndi zinyama zomwe zimasonkhanitsa pansi pa mitsinje ndi nyanja, ngati peat.

Sludge yowuma imakhala ndi zotsatirazi: nayitrogeni (20 g), phosphorous (5 g), potaziyamu (4 g).

Monga momwe mukuonera, zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri za silt sizochepa kwa zonyansa. Manyowa amenewa ndi ofunikira chifukwa amamera mofulumira m'nthaka, monga zotsalira zamasamba.

Ndibwino kukumbukira kuti sludge imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa dothi la mchenga, kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka. Pogwiritsa ntchito udzu pa dothi la loamy, muyenera kusamala, chifukwa zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wolimba komanso umasunga madzi. Njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito sludge pamodzi ndi feteleza zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka isinthe.

Zosangalatsa:

• sludge, pokhalapo zinthu zofunika, sizowonongeka ndi zonyansa za nyama;
• Angagwiritsidwe ntchito mwamsanga mukatha kuyanika;
• mofulumira kuvunda pansi;
• kumalimbikitsa mapangidwe a dothi lamchenga;
• Alibe mbewu zamsongole;
• Olemera mu zinthu zogwira ntchito zamoyo.

Mbali zolakwika:

• sludge ingapezeke kuchokera kumabasi omwe amapezeka panopa;
• Sludge "yatsopano" ingawononge kwambiri zomera, ndipo imayenera kuuma;
• Mitengo ya nayitrojeni yapamwamba imapangitsa kuti asidi a dothi, choncho ntchito yake imangokhala kumalo osalowerera ndi amchere;
• sludge kuchokera ku dziwe loipitsidwa lingathe kuwononga zomera m'dera lanu;
• Maonekedwe ndi mtengo wa feteleza zimadalira malo ogulitsira sludge.

Zimakhala zomveka kugwiritsa ntchito sludge pokhapokha pali nyanja kapena mtsinje uli ndi mphamvu yochepa yomwe ili pafupi, monga yogula sludge ikhoza kukhala ndi zinthu zambiri zovulaza (malo ambiri osungira madzi akusambira). Ngati mwaganiza kugula sludge, ndiye yerekezerani malangiziwo ndi zizindikiro zenizeni za nthaka yanu kuti musapangitse vutoli.

Zidutswa

Nkhani yosakondwereka imakwaniritsa niche feteleza - zotupa za anthu. Ambiri wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa amadzimangira mwadala nyumba zapanyumba kunja kwa mbeu, kuti asawononge nthaka, koma feterezayo ikhoza kukuthandizani.

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zolembazo: nayitrogeni (mpaka 8 g), phosphorous (mpaka 4 g), potaziyamu (3 g).

Ndipotu, ntchentche zaumunthu zimakhala ndi zinthu zofanana zomwe zimakhala ngati manyowa a mahatchi, kupatulapo nayitrogeni. Kuti agwiritse ntchito feteleza zotere popanda kuvulaza zomera ndi anthu, amafunika kuti azikhala ndi manyowa pamodzi ndi zochepa zowonongeka zatsamba (peat, utuchi). Nthawi yochepa yokonza manyowa ndi miyezi itatu. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa nyansi zochokera m'thupi kumakhala koletsedwa, chifukwa ndizo zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zingakuvulazeni ndi mbewu zomwe munabzala.

Pambuyo pa kuchepa kwazing'ono, chisakanizo cha fakia chiyenera kusungidwa mu mulu kwa miyezi pafupifupi 18 kuti zitha kuwonongeka.

Manyowa omalizidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso manyowa. Zosakaniza zowonongeka ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa zomera kusiyana ndi zonyansa.

Zosangalatsa:

• kuchotsa cesspools popanda ndalama zina;
• mtengo wapatali wa feteleza womalizidwa;
• popanda ndalama;
• palibe chifukwa chodandaula za kusowa kwa zipangizo;
• palibe mbewu zamsongole.

Mbali zolakwika:

• fungo losasangalatsa;
• Kukonzekera kwa nthawi yaitali kwa feteleza apamwamba;
• Ndikofunika kuyika malo ambiri ovundula zinyama;
• Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zina zowonjezera (peat, udzu, utuchi), popanda kuti zowonongeka zowonongeka sizingatheke;
• zowonjezera ndi malo obereketsera mabakiteriya owopsa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
• kugula zinthu zopangira ndizovuta kwambiri.

Tsatirani izi, tikhoza kumaliza izi ngakhale kuti zinyama za anthu zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati feteleza, fungo losasangalatsa komanso kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali kudzawopseza wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa ambiri kuntchito yoteroyo. Ndizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza pokhapokha ngati milu ya kompositi ikhoza kuyikidwa patali kwambiri ndi nyumba zogona ndi mabungwe ogulitsa mafakitale, chifukwa zodandaula zina kuchokera kwa oyandikana nawo ndi kuphulika kwa matenda osiyanasiyana sikungapewe.

Tinapereka mitundu yayikulu ya feteleza yabwino yomwe imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera zokolola, kuonjezera kukula ndi kukula, kukula kwa nthaka. Manyowa onse ali ndi ubwino wake komanso amawononga, kotero muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezereka komanso zotsika mtengo pamtengo.