Kodi unabi ndi momwe angakulire

Jujube jujube, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti unabi, jujube ndi Chinese deti, ndi imodzi mwazipatso zazikulu kudera louma. Zipatso zokoma komanso zopatsa thanzi za chomera chodabwitsachi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakudya komanso pazachipatala. Chitsamba chololera chilalachi chimamera bwino kum'mwera kwa Russia ndi Ukraine. Omwe alimi ena amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti ayesere kubzala mbewu yosangalatsa iyi pakatikati pa Russia, koma ndikutheka kwa unabi kumpoto pamakhala zovuta zina zomwe sizingagonjetsedwe.

Tsiku lachi China - chomera chokhala ndi zipatso zamankhwala

Unabi ndi chitsamba chachikulu kapena mtengo wawung'ono mpaka mamita asanu ndi atatu kutalika kwake, wokhala ndi chisoti chofalikira chosowa komanso masamba akugwa nthawi yachisanu. Zomera zakutchire zimakhala ndi nthambi zazikulu zakuthwa; mumitundu yambiri yazipatso zazikulu, ma spikes kulibe, omwe ndi mwayi wawo wowonekera pamasewera. Zipatso zamtchire zamtchire ndi zamtundu wa jujube zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana: kuchokera ku magalamu asanu a zipatso zazing'ono zopanda zipatso mpaka 30-30 magalamu mu mitundu yopanda zipatso yayikulu. Palinso kusiyana pakumveka kwa chipatso, ndi zina zambiri monga masewera osasangalatsa. Malinga ndi zachipatala, zipatso zamitundu yamtundu komanso zachikhalidwe za unabi zimawonedwa kuti ndizofanana.

Unabi, kapena jujube wamba, amadziwikanso kuti jujube weniweni, jujuba, jujube, chilon, deti lofiira, deti la China.

Tsiku lachi China pavidiyo

Zipatso za Unabi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe achi China. Pakati pa zaka zana zapitazi, kuyesa kunachitika m'malo ophunzirira za Crimea, zomwe zinawonetsa kuti kumwa pafupipafupi zipatso za jujube kumathandizira kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kuyambira pamenepo, kulima mwachangu kwa mbewuzi zakum'mawa ku Crimea komanso madera akum'mwera a Ukraine ndi Russia ayamba.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zipatso zamtundu waabi, monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, sizili konse zamankhwala zozizwitsa zamatsenga zonse. Mwachitsanzo, mnansi wanga wakomweku, yemwe amakhala ku Crimea zaka zambiri, anali wokayikira kwambiri mabulosi awa, chifukwa iyemwini sakanatha kuthetsa vuto la kuthamanga kwa magazi pogwiritsa ntchito unabi kwa zaka zambiri.

Kuthengo, unabi amakulira ku Iran, Afghanistan, mayiko a Central Asia ndi Western China. Gawo ili la Central Asia limadziwika kuti ndi malo otentha kwambiri okhala ndi nyengo yotentha kwambiri komanso yochepa, koma nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Pakukula kwachilengedwe, unabi adalipo kuyambira kale, ndipo mitundu yambiri idapangidwa, ina yomwe yayamba kukula ku Europe ndi America. Malo abwino a chikhalidwe cha jujube amapezeka kumpoto kwa Africa, Southern Europe, Western Asia, madera ouma a India, komanso madera ena ouma a mayiko ena aku US, kuphatikiza Texas ndi California.

Chifukwa chofanana ndi zipatso zouma ndi masiku, unabi amatchedwanso tsiku la China

Njira yachikhalidwe yosesera zipatso za unabi posungira kwakanthawi ikuuma. Zipatso zouma za unabi pakuwoneka kwawo ndizofanana kwambiri ndi masiku, chifukwa chake mayina "Tsiku la Chitchaina" ndi "deti lofiira" - kutengera mtundu wa mitundu yotchuka.

Unaby imayamba masamba mochedwa, mochedwa kwambiri kuposa mitengo yambiri ndi zitsamba. Chifukwa cha kudzutsa kotere, ambiri alimi a novice adadzula mosazindikira mbewu zabwino, molakwitsa kuganiza kuti tchire lidamwalira nthawi yachisanu.

Patsamba langa, tchire la unabi linayamba kutsegula masamba oyamba pang'ono pofika pakati pa Meyi, masabata angapo pambuyo pake kuposa mbewu zina zonse. Zachidziwikire, motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa chipwirikiti chobiriwira masika, anthu oganiza moperewera amawoneka okayikira kwambiri. Ngati chitsamba ndi chachikulu, mutha kuchotsa mosavuta kukayikira podula nthambi ndikuyang'ana odulawo: mitengo yakufa imakhala youma, yakuda kapena yofiirira. Ndikwabwino osadula pachitsamba pachabe, ingodikirani mpaka pakati pa Juni.

Mulimonsemo, palibe chifukwa chothamangira ndi kuchotsa: ngakhale gawo lakumwamba litawundana, pali chiyembekezo chowoneka ngati mizu.

Maluwa ang'onoang'ono achikasu amwano amakhala osangalatsa kwambiri

Jujube ikutuluka mochedwa kwambiri, mu June okha, atatha kuthetsedwa konse kwa chisanu. Maluwa ake ang'onoang'ono achikasu ndi osangalatsa ndipo amakopa njuchi zambiri ndi tizilombo tina touluka. Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, unabi imafunikira kupukutidwa, kotero muyenera kubzala mbewu zingapo zapafupi, kapena mbande zingapo zingapo. Zipatso zochepa chabe ndizomwe zimamangilira kudzipukusa, zomwe zambiri zimagwa nthawi yayitali zisanakhwime. Zipatso zokhwima bwino zimakhala zofewa, zotsekemera komanso zowutsa mudyo, zofiira kapena zofiirira.

Mphindi ya kukoma kwabwino kwambiri kwa zipatso za jujube kumadalira mitundu ndi zokonda zake: wina amakonda kwambiri zolimba, wina amakonda kupsa, amene ayamba kufota kale.

Zikapsa, zipatso za unabi zimakhala zofiira kapena zofiirira

M'malo abwino, mitengo ya jujube ndi yolimba. Milandu yowonjezereka komanso yokhazikika yopanga zipatso zomwe zafika zaka zana amadziwika. Nthawi zina nyengo yabwino, zokolola zabwino zimachitika chaka chilichonse. Unabi amatanthauza mbewu zoyambirira, maluwa ndi zipatso zoyambirira, zimasamalidwa bwino, patatha zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu mutabzala mmera. Pamene tchire limakula, zokolola zimachulukanso. Kuchokera pamtengo wachikulire wamkulu m'mikhalidwe yabwino, mutha kukwera mpaka ma kilogalamu 50 a zipatso. Amapsa mochedwa, nthawi zambiri mu Okutobala, mu mitundu yoyambirira - kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Nthawi yakucha zipatso pachomera chilichonse imatha kupitilira mwezi umodzi, chifukwa cha maluwa ataliatali otalika. Zipatso zololedwa bwino sizinasungidwe mwatsopano, ngakhale mufiriji osapitilira sabata, osalimbana ndi mayendedwe ataliatali. Kuphatikiza pa kuyanika kwachikhalidwe, ndiloyeneranso kumalongeza kunyumba, amapanga zipatso zabwino, kupanikizana, kusunga.

Unabi amatulutsa chisamu chokoma

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya unabi, abale ake ndi anzawo

Mwa mitundu yonse ya jujube, wotchuka kwambiri anali jujube, kapena Chinese unabi (Ziziphus jujuba). M'mayiko otentha ndi madera otentha, mitundu ina iwiri yokhudzana ndi jujube imalimidwa zipatso zodziwika bwino:

• mtengo wa lotus (Ziziphus lotus);
• Moorish jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana).

Kusiyana kwamitundu ya jujube (tebulo)

Mitundu yonse itatu iyi ya jujube m'mabuku akunja nthawi zambiri imatchulidwa pansi pa dzina loti jujube, zomwe nthawi zina zimabweretsa chisokonezo.

Zaulimi ku Russia ndi Ukraine, zamitundu yonse ya jujube, jujube yekha ndi woyenera (Chinese wamba kapena unabi) monga yozizira kwambiri kuposa iwowo.

Unabi nthawi zambiri imasokonezedwa ndi mbewu zina ziwiri zomwe sizimagwirizana ndi botjical: juestube (Chinese Simmondsia) ndi sucker wam'mayiko.

• Pali chisokonezo cha chilankhulo ndi johoba (unabi - jujube, jojoba - jojoba), omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi mu zolemba zakunja komanso zomasulira, zikwangwani za zinthu zodzala, makamaka pakupatsa malonda okongoletsa osiyanasiyana komanso mankhwala. Jojoba ndi mtengo wobiriwira nthawi zonse womwe suthana ndi kuzizira kwa kutentha.
• Ndi sucker yakummawa, chisokonezo chimayamba chifukwa cha kufananaku kwakunja kwa zipatso zake ndi zipatso zosatsika. Hoof ndiwochulukirapo nthawi yozizira poyerekeza ndi unabi, mawonekedwe ake (kuthengo lopendekera-lopendekeka) amakula bwino popanda pobisalira kumzindawo komanso ku Middle Volga.

Ngakhale m'manyuzipepala otchuka kwambiri, ndidakumana ndi zolemba zomwe zidawerengedwa kuchokera kwa owerenga omwe amakula bwino ndi zipatso za zipatso, kwinaku ndikukhulupirira ndi mtima wonse kuti zikukula. Koma mankhwalawa azachipatso akadali osiyana kwambiri.

Unabi, Jida ndi Jojoba: kusiyana kwawo (tebulo)

Unaby, abale ake ndi awiriawiri (kujambula zithunzi)

Mwa mitundu yayikulu-yopanda zipatso ya unabi m'dera la Russia ndi Ukraine, Koktebel ndi Ta-yan-zona amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

• Koktebel ndi wolima watsopano wa Nikitsky Botanical Garden ku Crimea. Zipatso zolemera 30 mpaka 30 magalamu, zipse mochedwa. Zosiyanasiyana zalembedwa mu State Register ya Russian Federation.
• Ta-yan-za ndi mitundu yakale kwambiri yosankhidwa ndi China, yomwe idayambitsidwa kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka zana zapitazo kuchokera ku China kupita ku USA, komanso kuchokera kumeneko kupita ku Russia. Imakhalabe yamtundu wabwino koposa. Mitundu yakucha yakucha, zipatso zochuluka kuyambira 18 mpaka 45 magalamu.

M'malo osiyana a malo odyera achinsinsi, mitundu ikuluikulu yopanda zipatso ya unabi Xi-ching, Acorn ndi Dessert amatchulidwanso mwachidule, koma palibe ma sukulu amenewa omwe amapezeka mu State Register kapena m'mabuku akuluakulu.

Mitundu ya unabi yayikulu-zipatso

Zomwe zimatengera jujube

Pakubzala unabi, muyenera kusankha malo omwe ali ndi dzuwa kwambiri. Chomera ichi ndi chojambulidwa kwambiri, ndikamasinthika pang'ono chimakula bwino ndipo sichimabala zipatso. Jujube samateteza chilala komanso osamva kutentha, amalimbana ndi kutentha kwa madigiri makumi anayi. Kutentha kotsika + 15 ° C, kukula kwa mphukira pafupifupi kumayima, maluwa akuchedwa.

Unabi salekerera dothi lolemera, acidity yambiri komanso madzi apansi panthaka. Koma mbewu yosasinthika iyi imamera bwino pamadothi osauka, pathanthwe louma, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuphatikiza.

Unabi amakula bwino nthawi zonse ndipo amabala zipatso pakubala kwathunthu

Unabi akumva bwino pansanja kumwera kwa mzere wa Kiev - Kharkov - Volgograd. M'madera ambiri akumpoto, kulima kwake kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndipo kumafuna njira zina zapadera.

Nthawi yabwino kubzala jujube kumayambiriro kasupe (kumwera ndiko kumapeto kwa Marichi - koyambira kwa Epulo). M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yofatsa kwambiri, ndizovomerezeka kubzala kumayambiriro kwa yophukira (kumwera - osati mochedwa kuposa koyambira kwa Okutobala). Mukabzala, mtunda pakati pa mbande uzikhala wa 4 metres pamtunda wa Kiev, pomwe unabi imamera pachitsamba ndikuzizira nthawi zonse. Kudera lamtunda, pomwe malo ndi abwino komanso osakhwima ngati mtengo, ndikofunikira kusiya masamba 5 kapena 6 pakati pa mbewu.

Munthawi yabwino ya nyengo yam'mapiri, unabi imamera ngati mtengo wocheperako ndipo imakhala zaka zoposa zana

Mukamasankha mbande, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mizu ndi nthambi zake zili ndi moyo, osati zouma komanso zovunda. Ndikofunika kugula mbewu zobzalidwa m'dera lanu. Kubzala zinthu zochokera kummwera kumayiko ena kumakhala kozizira.

Ndondomeko zotsata:

1. Kumbani dzenje pafupifupi theka la mita ndikuzama.
2. Pansi pa dzenjelo, kutsanulira mtunda wa pansi wosakanizika ndi ndowa ya kompositi yoyenda bwino.
3. Ikani chopondera pazenera, kufalitsa mizu mosamala. Unabi safunikira kukulitsa kwapadera pakudzala; khosi la mmera limayenera kukhala pafupifupi pamlingo wa nthaka.
4. Dzazani dzenje ndi dothi.
5. Thirani mbeu iliyonse ndi chidebe chamadzi ndi madzi othirira, osasokoneza nthaka.

Manyowa atsopano ndi michere yamafuta sagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala, kuti tisatenthe mizu.

Kusamalira jujube kumwera kwa Russia ndi Ukraine

Unabi imalekerera kutentha ndi chilala bwino, imatha kukula popanda kuthirira, ngakhale mu malo ouma a Transcaucasia. Koma ndi ulimi wothirira, zipatso zam'mitengo zidzakhala zapamwamba, ndipo kukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu zazing'ono kuyenda mwachangu. Mu nyengo yotentha ndi youma ya Crimea, madera akumwera kwa Russia ndi kumwera kwa Ukraine, ndikokwanira kuthirira kamodzi pamwezi, ndikuthirira kulikonse, ndikunyowetsa dothi lakuya pafupifupi masentimita 80. Pakalibe kuthirira, mizu imakhala yakuya kwambiri, mpaka mamita awiri kapena kupitilira apo.

M'madera louma, zipatso za unabi zidzakhala zapamwamba ndi kuthirira

Zomera za chaka choyamba chodzala zimathiriridwa nthawi zambiri, kutentha kwambiri ndi chilala - sabata lililonse mabekete awiri amadzi.

M'malo otentha (Western Ukraine, gawo la Krasnodar Territory of Russia), kuthirira kwam'mera kwa achinyamata kumatha, ndipo zolembera zachikulire sizifunikira kuthirira konse, kupatula nthawi yachilala chadzaoneni.

Jujube imakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo paubwana imatha kuvutika kwambiri ndi namsongole, makamaka ma Rhiznios osatha. Kuti athandizire kukonza ndi kusunga chinyezi, dothi litha kuumbika ndi chilichonse chachilengedwe (udzu, utuchi, tchipisi tamatabwa) kapena matimu apadera.

Mulching imasunga chinyezi m'nthaka ndipo imalepheretsa udzu kukula

Chaka chilichonse, mchaka, pamafesa osavomerezeka, feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mita iliyonse:

• 2-3 kilogalamu za humus;
• Magalamu 18-20 a superphosphate;
• 8-10 magalamu a potaziyamu mchere;
• 12-16 magalamu a ammonium nitrate.

Feteleza zimafalikiridwanso m'mbali zonsezo pansi pa zomerazo ndipo zimapinda pansi panthaka.

Zima unabi

Pakukula kwachilengedwe chake ku Central Asia, jujube imatha kupirira nthawi yayitali yozizira mpaka -25 ... -30 ° C. Unabi ilinso ndi kutentha kwambiri kozizira m'malo otentha a Crimea ndi Transcaucasia, komwe kumakhala yotentha yokwanira kuphukira. Kusunthira kumpoto, komwe nthawi yachilimwe ndiyofupikitsa ndipo kutentha kwa chirimwe kumakhala kochepa, jujube sikhala ndi kutentha kokwanira kwa chilimwe kuti itukule kwathunthu, ndipo kuuma kwake kwa dzinja kumachepa kwambiri. Ngakhale ku Kiev, kuzizira kwokhazikika kwa mbewu kumawonedwa kale, nyengo yotentha yokha nsonga za achinyamata nthambi zimavutika, mu kwambiri masachedwe tchire amaundana ndi mizu, koma nkukhalanso ndi zaka zina. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yofewa komanso chipale chofewa, nthawi zina mbewu zimatha kupulumutsidwa, koyambirira kwa chisanu choyambilira, ndikuchigubuduza pansi kuti chikhale chisanu. Zomera za Bent zimayenera kukhazikitsidwa bwino ndi zibowo kapena kukanikizidwa ndi matabwa. Sikoyenera kuti mukulungize kwambiri - unabi simalola kuvutika mopitirira muyeso, ndipo pakatali tchuthi chazitali kwambiri anathama kufa chifukwa cha kukalamba.

Momwe mungakulire unabi m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia

Olima Amateur ochokera ku Dera la Moscow ndi zigawo pafupi ndi nyengo nthawi zambiri amayesa kubzala unabi, koma patatha zaka zingapo kukhalapo, mbewuzi nthawi zambiri zimafa nthawi yozizira yomwe ikubwera. Vuto lalikulu pano sikuti ndi kutentha pang'ono chabe kwa dzinja, komanso kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa chilimwe, komwe sikuloleza mbewu kuti ikonzekere nthawi yachisanu.

Patsamba langa la Middle Volga, mbande zitatu zosadulidwa zobwera kuchokera kumwera zidapulumuka nyengo yozizira yoyamba komanso yachiwiri. Pambuyo pa nyengo yachisanu yachitatu yozizira, chitsamba chimodzi chokha chidadzuka. Nyengo yachisanu yotsatira idamupha.

Njira imodzi yothetsera vutoli ndikukudzala unabi pamalo obiriwira osaphatikizika kukhoma lakumwera kwa nyumba yotentha. Komanso, kuti nyengo yabwino yozizira ya jujube, ndikofunikira osati kungokhala kwa glazing (wowoneka ngati galasi wobiriwira "poyera" sikokwanira mu chisanu champhamvu), komanso kukhalanso kwa khoma lanyumba, lomwe limatithandizanso kutentha komanso chitetezo chodalirika ku mphepo yozizira ya kumpoto.

Kukhazikitsa nyumba yobiriwira yolumikizidwa khoma lakumwera kwa nyumbayo kudzateteza molimba kuzizira kwa nyengo yachisanu

Njira ina yothetsera vuto la chisanu ndi kumene kumatchedwa chikhalidwe. Njira yothandiza kwambiri imeneyi idapangidwa ndikuyesedwa bwino mu nthawi ya Soviet, ndipo idayiwalika mosatekeseka chifukwa chazovuta. Chinsinsi cha njirayi ndi motere:

• Pakubzala, ngalande yayikulu ikakumbidwa yakuya masentimita 70-100 ndi mainchesi pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka.
• Makoma a ngalawo amawongolera kapena kuyikapo njerwa.
• Pansi pa ngalande, maenje obzala amakumbidwa, odzaza ndi nthaka yachonde, ndipo mbande zimabzalidwa.
• M'chilimwe, mbewu zimamera m'ngalande zoyera, monga zimakhazikika pokhazikika.
• Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kutsika kwa masamba ndikumalizidwa kwa kutentha kosawoneka bwino, ngalawoyo imatsekedwa kwathunthu ndi matabwa kapena slate, kenako ndi filimu ya pulasitiki. Mutha kuphatikiza pamwamba ndi wosanjikiza lapansi kapena pine conifer.
• Pakagwa chipale chofewa, ngalande yotetezeka imatayidwa kuchokera pamwamba ndi chipale chofewa chomwe chimachotsedwa pamalo opanda chomera (misewu, njira, malo oimikapo magalimoto).
• Pakakhala nyengo yotentha yozizira kwa nthawi yayitali kuphatikiza kutentha, ngalawo imayenera kutsegulidwa pang'ono kuchokera kumphepete kuti mpweya wabwino uteteze mbewu ku chiwopsezo cha kutentha.
• Chapakatikati mvula itasungunuka, likulu limachotsedwa, ndipo ngalandeyo imakutidwa ndi pulasitiki kuti itetezeke ku chisanu chobwerera.
• Nthawi ya chisanu ikatha, polyethylene imachotsedwa, ndipo nthawi yonse ya chilimwe mbewuzo zimamera mchotsekerako mpaka nthawi yophukira.

Chikhalidwe cha Trench ndi njira yodalirika koma yolemetsa yoteteza jujube ku chisanu yozizira

Kudulira kwa Unabi kumadera osiyanasiyana okulira

Kudulira kwaukhondo (kuchotsa nthambi zouma ndi zowonongeka) ndikofunikira m'dera lililonse ndipo kumachitika nthawi yonse yotentha. Kupanga kudulira kumachitika mchaka ndipo zimatengera malo omwe akukula.

Kudera lamtunda, pomwe unabi imamera ndi mtengo ndipo suwuma, chifukwa chophimba bwino korona ndi dzuwa komanso kuvuta, mbewu zimapangidwa ngati mbale kapena vase. Kuti izi zitheke, nthambi zinayi za mafupa zimasiyidwa mu mbeu zing'onozing'ono, ndikukula mozungulira mozungulira, ndipo wochititsa wapakati amadulidwapo. Pambuyo pake, ndikudulira kokonza pachaka, nthambi zonse zomwe zimakula pakati pa korona zimachotsedwa kapena kufupikitsidwa.

Korona wooneka ngati vasewa amawunikira bwino kwambiri ndipo ndi yabwino kusankha zipatso.

Madera akumpoto kwambiri, unabi imayamba kuzizira malinga ndi chipale chofewa, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka chimafikira khosi, ndipo mbewu mwachilengedwe zimakhala ndi tchire. Kupangira kudulira kwakukulu kumeneku ndi kuwonongeratu korona kuti pasapezeke makulidwe ochuluka. Pomwe tchire limapindika pansi kuti nthawi yozizira ikhale pansi pa chipale chofewa, nthambi zimafunikira kusinthidwa munthawi yake kuti zisinthike mokwanira. Nthambi zakale zimadulidwa pansi pa muzu, ndipo m'malo mwake achicheperewo amakula.

Kufalitsa kwa Unabi

Unabi ikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu, mizu, mphukira, masanjidwe, mizu. Palibe chobiriwira kapena chodulidwa chotsika cha mtengowu pansi pazomwe sichingakhalepo mizu, ngakhale pogwiritsa ntchito mizu. Mitundu yayikulu-yopanda zipatso ya unabi imayalidwa ndikumalumikiza ndi kudulidwa kapena kubzala, pogwiritsa ntchito mbande za mitundu yaying'ono ya zipatso zamtchire ngati sitoko.

Kuvuta kwa kufalitsa mbewu iyi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zolepheretsa kufalikira kwa zipatso zamtengo wapatali zotere m'minda yamaluwa.

Kufalitsa mbewu

Mbewu zokha za zipatso zamphesa zamphesa zamtchire zochepa zomwe ndizoyenera kubzala. Mbewu za m'minda yayikulu-yopanda zipatso zimakhala ndi nyongolosi yopitilira muyeso, motero sizimamera. Chakumapeto kwa nyengo yophukira (kumapeto kwa Okutobala kapena Novembala), nthangala za zipatso zimabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo kupita kumalo okhazikika, zophatikizidwa mwakuya masentimita 3-4. M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kutenthetsa pang'ono mbewu ndi nthambi zodziyankhira, zomwe zimayenera kuchotsedwa mu kasupe nthawi yomweyo chisanu chitasungunuka. Kuti muchepetse kufalikira kwa mbande mu kasupe, mutha kuphimba malo okufesa ndi translucent agrofibre kapena filimu yapulasitiki yowonekera. Mbewu zikakhala kuti zakulira kwambiri, ziyenera kudulidwadwadwedwa kuti masentimita 20 akhalebe pakati pa mbeu. Potentha, kouma, mbande zimafunika kuthiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata ndi chidebe chamadzi pa mita imodzi. Nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa zomerazo izikhala yoyenera kumera. Kuphatikiza ndi chilichonse chomwe chili m'manja ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kulima mwachindunji mukafesa pamalo okhazikika kumakupatsani mphamvu yolimba yolimba ndi mizu yakuya kwambiri yomwe singathe kupirira chilala cholimba komanso kuthana ndi chisanu.

Nthawi zingapo ndinayesa kufesa mbewu za zipatso zosakoma zomwe zimachokera kum'mwera nyengo yachisanu isanayambe. Sipanakhalepo mbande.

Kufalikira ndi mizu

Jujube, makamaka mitundu yake yaying'ono-yopanda zipatso, nthawi zambiri imapanga mphukira zambiri, zomwe zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pakubereka. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira kapena koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira, mumangofunika kukumba ana ochepa kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe mumakonda ndikuzitha kupita kwina, osayiwala madzi. Njira yakufalitsira zamwano ndiyosavuta kwambiri komanso yodalirika, koma ndiyotheka pokhapokha ngati chomera chachikulire chokhala ndi zipatso zabwino ndizotheka.

Kufalitsa mizu ndi mizu ndiyo njira yosavuta yofikira mbande zaabi

Kufalitsa mwa kuyala

Unabi ndiwosavuta kufalitsa poyala mizu. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, nthambi zam'munsi za chitsamba zimaweramitsidwa pansi ndikukhomeredwa mwamphamvu, gawo lokhazikika limakonkhedwa ndi dothi, ndipo pamwamba kwambiri panthambipo panatulukidwa nthambiyo, ndikuipereka. Panyengo, dothi pansi pa zigawo liyenera kukhala lonyowa, lotayirira komanso loyera kwa namsongole. Pabwino, zodulidwa zimazika nthawi yachilimwe, ndipo mu kasupe wa chaka chamawa, mutha kudula nthambi ya mayi ndikuyika mbewuzo mpaka malo osatha. Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kupeza muzu wamtengo wapatali, ngakhale fanizo loyambirira la chiberekero litalumikizidwa pa sitoko.

Unabi ikhoza kufalitsika ndi kuyala - mwa kuzika mizera m'nthambi

Kufalikira ndi mizu

Pokhapokha mphukira yokwanira muzuzu, mizu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofalitsa:

1. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, dulani kaye dothi pafupi ndi chitsamba, ndikukula muzu wake wopingasa pafupifupi sentimita imodzi. Njira iyi imakhala yowopsa kwambiri kwa chomera cha chiberekero, chifukwa chake simuyenera kukhala adyera ndikuwononga mizu ingapo nthawi imodzi!
2. Kuchokera muzu wosankhidwa, dulani zingapo zodula ndi kutalika pafupifupi 15 sentimita iliyonse.
3. Zodulidwa zomwe ziyenera kubzalidwa mosadukiza kapena poyenda pang'ono pabedi lokonzedwa kale ndi dothi lonyowa. Mtunda pakati pa zodulidwazo ndi masentimita 10-15, kuya kwakubzala kuli pafupifupi mainchesi 5.
4. Bedi lokhala ndi zodulidwa nthawi yakunyengo kuti lizikhala lonyowa, lotayirira komanso loyera kwa namsongole.
5. Mukangobzala masamba ogona, mphukira zazing'ono zimawonekera pa mizu.
6. Kasupe wotsatira, mbande zakonzeka kuti ziziwitsidwa kumalo kwamuyaya.

Unabi ikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi mizu

Ankalumikiza ndi Ankalumikiza

Mitundu yonse ya katemera - ntchito ya wozindikira wamaluwa. Apa, zokumana nazo za mbuye, mtundu wa chida chakukulitsa, umaso ndi ukhondo wa mabala, kulondola kwa kuphatikiza scion ndi stock, mtundu wa zingwe, nyengo yanyengo ndi momwe mbewu zoyambirira zimagwirira ntchito yayikulu.

Akatswiri odziwa ntchito amaluso amalimbikitsa mwamphamvu kuti azichita kaye masamba a msondodzi musanayambe kulima mbewu zaminda yabwino.

Mitundu yaying'ono ya zipatso zamtchire yomwe imachokera ku mbande kapena mphukira ya mizu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chimbale cha mitundu yayikulu yosabala zipatso. Zomera ndizoyenera kukhala zathanzi komanso zoyambira bwino. Monga scion amatenga zodulidwa kuchokera kwa achinyamata mphukira wathanzi kuchokera ku mbewu yobzala yomwe mukufuna.

Katemera ndi zodula nthawi zambiri zimachitika mchaka.

Katemera ndi ma cuttings nthawi zambiri amachitika mu nthawi ya masika, asanadutse impso. Ngati m'mimba mwake mulinso ndi scion chimodzimodzi, amapanganso zidutswa zomwezo, kuphatikiza mwamphamvu ndikuwakulungani ndi tepi yotakata. Ngati katundu ndiwotsika poyerekeza ndi scion, pali njira ziwiri:

• phesi la scion lomwe limasunthidwa mbali imodzi limayikidwa mu chitsa cha makungwa;
• Pesi la scion lomwe limayalidwa mbali zonse ziwiri limayikidwa ndikukhomera nkhuni.

M'magawo onse awiriwa, vaccination amakhala okhazikika ndi bandeji yotanuka, pambuyo pake mabala onse otsala pamtunda ndi scion ataphimbidwa mosamala ndi varnish ya munda (ndikwabowoleza kudula kwapamwamba kwa scion ngakhale pasadakhale).

Katemera wa maso (budding) nthawi zambiri amachitika mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe

Katemera wa maso (budding) nthawi zambiri amachitika mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe. Monga scion amagwiritsa ntchito achichepere, akuyamba kukhala mphukira zamtengo zamakono, pomwe masamba amawadula ndi lezala, kusiya chidutswa cha petiole. Kenako, mawonekedwe a T okhala ngati T amapangidwira mu khungwa la chitsa, pomwe chishango chokhala ndi impso ndi mbale yochepa thupi yomwe idadulidwa ndikuwombera. Katemerayo adakulungidwa ndi tepi ya elastic, osatseka impsoyo.

Mosasamala zaukadaulo wa katemera wogwiritsidwa ntchito, chizindikiro chomveka bwino kuti wachika mizu ndi mphukira zatsopano zomwe zikutuluka mu masamba a scion. Chaka chotsatira mutalumikizidwa, chomangiracho chimayenera kudulidwa mosamala kuti chisasokoneze kukula kwa nthambi muudindo komanso kusakoka makungwa.

Tizilombo ndi matenda

Ku Ukraine ndi ku Europe ku Russia palibe tizirombo ndi matenda omwe amapezeka pa unabi. Vuto lodziwika bwino komanso lopweteketsa mtima kwambiri ndikukhomoka kwa zipatso chifukwa chinyezi zosafanana. Zipatso zosweka zotere ziyenera kukonzedwa kaye.

Kudera lomwe kulimidwa kwachikhalidwe ku Central Asia ndi China, unabi nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi njenjete, zowola za zipatso, tsamba lamtundu wa viral ndi tsache la mfiti. Mwachizolowezi, maonekedwe awo amathanso kudziko lathu, pokhazikitsa pathogen yokhala ndi zipatso kapena mbewu yobzala.

Tizirombo ndi matenda omwe titha kuwayang'anira

Mavuto a Unabi (chithunzi cha zithunzi)

Ndemanga zamaluwa

Mnansi munyumba yakumunda amalima mitengo itatu yayikulu. Amati unabi amatchedwa tsiku la China. Inenso ndinayaka kubzala, koma nditayesera, ndinakana. Sindinakonde kukoma kwa abale anga. Ngakhale imakhazikitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Pa thumba la mnzanu pali zyphus zhenya. Akuti ndi amene adachira. Ndi tsiku, pali mawonekedwe ofanana ndi akunja. Ndipo apulo woumbidwayo amakumbutsanso wina kuti alawe, ndipo mulibe maswiti okwanira mkati mwake. Ngakhale, mwina mtundu wa ...

Savich

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Unabi kumpoto kwa Krasnodar amalephera. Chikhulupiriro chopanda pake.

Toma

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Ndili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ku Crimea yabala zipatso popanda mavuto) Ponena za msewu wapakati, palibe chiyembekezo pano. Mwa zitsanzozi, ndikukumbukira mzimayi yekha wochokera ku Moscow Region yemwe, kwazaka zingapo, adakulungidwa chitsamba chake, koma pamapeto adafera, osatupa. Zotsatira zabwino zidapezeka kokha ku Samara, pomwe wokonda wina pachikhalidwe chake nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zokolola zochepa.

Andy

//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=6642

M'magawo athu a Krasnodar, unabi, ngati kukumbukira kumachitika, kumayamba maluwa kumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi woyamba. Pachifukwa ichi, anthu omwe adabzala kwa nthawi yoyamba nthawi zambiri m'mbuyomu amaganiza kuti sanazitenge, makamaka popeza mtengo wokhomera udaphuka patapita nthawi pang'ono.

Sergey

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Kulowa kwa jujube mu zipatso kwa zaka 4, osachepera momwe zinthu ziliri ku Crimea, mitundu iwiri ndiyokwanira kuti ndipeze mbewu.

Russianimfer

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Njira zosavuta kwambiri zokulitsira unabi kum'mwera kwa Russia ndi Ukraine, kumene chomera chosagwirizana ndi chilalachi chimamva bwino, chimakula ndikubereka zipatso popanda chisamaliro chambiri. Vuto lokhalokha la kukula kwa jujube kum'mwera kwa dzikolo likadali vuto lakufalikira kwa chipatso ichi. M'madera akumpoto kwambiri, kuyesera kulima unabi m'malo ovuta kumatha kulephera - patatha zaka zingapo kukula, mbewu nthawi zambiri zimawuma yozizira kwambiri yozizira.