Maluwa a orchid ndi maluwa okongola omwe ali pamsonkhano wa wolima aliyense wodzilemekeza. Komabe, sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti chomerachi ndi chamoyo ndipo chiri ndi mitundu pafupifupi 45,000 yomwe ikukula mu chilengedwe. Ndi imodzi mwa maluwa akale kwambiri, omwe amasamukira ku miphika ya panyumba pokhapokha atatha kuwathandiza.
Ngakhale kuti ngakhale maluwa a orchid amapezeka m'madera osiyana, mitundu yawo yabwino imakhala m'nkhalango zowirira, zam'mapiri a zigwa ndi mapiri a mapiri a Central America, Colombia, Venezuela ndi Brazil. Alongo awo osadziwika kwambiri kuchokera kumadera otentha ndi zomera, malo ambiri otentha ndi epiphytes.
Zotsatira zovomerezeka
Dressler wa ku Botanese wa ku America wapanga mapulani a ma orchids amasiku ano. Mmenemo muli mitundu 5 yazing'ono, yomwe imakhala ndi genera komanso mitundu yambiri ya mitundu.
Kupatukana koyamba
Zili ndi mitundu iwiri (nevidiya ndi mpatuko) ndi mitundu 16. Maluwa osatha amaoneka ngati chomera chochepa cha maluwa omwe ali ndi maluwa achikasu.
Common Cypripedia
Banja la Cypridiaceae lili ndi mitundu 5 ndi mitundu 130. Iwo ndi udzu wamphepete, mwala ndi pansi. Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa Orchids wa Cyprip - "Chombo cha Lady". Gawo khumi ndi limodzi mwa mitundu yake limakula ku Russia.
Chotukusira Vanilla
Banja la ana a vanilla liri ndi mitundu 15 ya zomera ndi 180, zomwe zikukula ku Africa kumapiri otentha, South ndi Central America, ndi mayiko a Asia. Poona mpesa wamba, koma ndi kukhalapo kwa maluwa ambiri.
Mapulogalamu a orchid mumagulu awo ali ndi vanillin, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga mafuta komanso mankhwala, kuphika.
Mliri wosiyanasiyana
Gulu lalikulu la orchid subfamily ndi mliriwu.. Zili ndi pafupifupi mazana asanu genera ndi mitundu yoposa 20,000 zomera.
M'banjamo la mliri muli ma orchids awiri odabwitsa: Dactylotalix ndi Cattleya. Choyamba chodziŵika ndi zovuta zake, chinalembedwa m'buku la Red Book la Russian Federation. Wachiwiri anali mwini wa inflorescences wokongola, wamkulu ndi onunkhira kwambiri.
Wopanda Orchid
Nthano za mtundu wa hakali kapena orchid zimaphatikizapo zoposa 205 genera ndi mitundu 4,000. Izi ndi zomera zosatha zomwe zimakhala ndikukula pansi. Mankhwala a orchid amamera m'mayiko onse kupatulapo Antarctica.
Ndi mitundu yanji yomwe ilipo?
Zina mwazofala ndi izi:
- wakuda;
- buluu;
- buluu;
- chikasu;
- chofiira;
- chofiira;
- woyera;
- pinki.
Maluwa akhoza kukhala amodzimodzi ndipo amakhala ndi mitundu yambiri kapena mithunzi.. Mwachitsanzo, Tiger Orchid. Mapuloteni ake amakhala ndi masamba a chikasu ndi mikwingwirima yofiira kapena yofiirira.
Zokongola ndi zodzikongoletsa zamaluwa achilengedwe ndi mitengo mu chithunzi
Zisonyezero za mitundu yonse sizingatheke, koma zithunzi zochititsa chidwi kwambiri ziyenera kupezeka:
Amakulira kuti?
Zokongola za orchid zimapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse kwa nyengo pa Dziko lapansi.. Komabe, mitundu yambiri ya zomera imayikidwa m'madera otentha.
Malo omwe maluwa awa amapezeka kawirikawiri akhoza kugawidwa m'magawo anayi:
- South ndi Central America, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Africa. Kutentha kwambiri ndi kutentha kumakhudza kwambiri zomera. Madera amenewa amakhala ndi maluwa okongola, omwe ali pamwamba pamitengo. Malo osankhidwawa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinyezi komanso mpweya wabwino wa mizu.
- Indonesia, Malaysia, mapiri a ku Brazil, New Guinea, otsetsereka a Andes. Madera a mapiriwa adasankha epiphytes, yomwe imamera pamwala ndi kumera. Tikayerekezera chigawo ichi ndi choyamba, kutentha kuno kuli kochepa kwambiri, koma chinyezi cha mlengalenga chiri pafupi. Chigawo cha "phiri" chimaonedwa kuti n'chosangalatsa, chifukwa mamembala ambiri a m'banja lino amakula.
- Ntchentche ndi malo. Malo awa sangatchedwe okonzeka ma orchids, koma akadali pomwepo. Pa steppe expanses zimakula epiphytes ndi orchids, rooting m'nthaka.
- Nyengo yoipa. Malo ammudziwa amakhala ndi anthu ochepa a m'banja la orchid. Mitundu yokha ya padziko lapansi imakula.
Moyo
Ngakhale kuti pali mitundu yambiri ya maluwa amenewa, moyo wawo umakhala wofanana. Kawirikawiri, zomera zimakhala m'chilengedwe zaka 60-80.
Palinso ziwindi zautali zomwe, muzochitika zina, zakhala zikufika zaka 100 kapena kuposa. Maluwa otchire amatha kusintha bwino ndi kusintha kwa kutentha ndipo sachita mantha ndi dzuwa..
Kuyambira kale, Japan isanayambe kukongola kwa ma orchids, anthu a ku Japan ankakonda kukula m'maluwa. Maluwa awa amalemekezedwa kwambiri. Ndipo chifukwa cha moyo wawo wautali, iwo adalandiredwa.
Zonse zokhudza kusiyana pakati pa mitundu zakutchire ndi zoweta
Mitundu yonse ya ma orchid yokhala ndi mavitamini.. Zomera zachilengedwe zimakhala ndi zofunikira, zomwe sitingakwanitse kuzipeza m'nyumba. Azimayi a maluwa amenewa anayesa kupanga nyengo pafupi ndi nyengo zam'mlengalenga powonjezera chinyezi m'chipinda. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imatha kukula m'nyengo youma inayamba.
Maluwa a nyumba ndi osatha, koma moyo wawo umangopitirira zaka 8-9. Iwo ali ndi maluwa okongola omwe amapitirira mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana pafupifupi chaka chonse. Zomera zakutchire zimangochita pachimake m'chilimwe.
Nyama za orchid zamtundu zikwi makumi mitundu.Aliyense wa iwo ali wokongola ndi wosakhala wocheperapo kwa zokololedwa. Ambiri omwe akuyimira amawakonda ndi mawonekedwe a Mphukira komanso mtundu wa inflorescence. Ena ali ndi zonunkhira zosangalatsa. Zigawo zonsezi zimapanga ma orchids mmodzi mwa oimira bwino kwambiri pazomera za dziko lapansi.
