Fuchsia ndi osatha shrub obadwira ku South America. Chomera chimakhalabe chofunika kwambiri cha kutentha kwa madzi komanso kutentha kwake. Maluwa ochuluka akupitirira kuyambira April mpaka October.
Kukula kwachangu panyumba kumafuna kumvera malamulo a zaulimi. Momwe mungabweretse fuchsia, kuthekera kovuta kusamalila - kuwerenga.
Momwe mungabwerere kunyumba?
Chomera chogulidwa kapena tsinde lakudulidwa la maluwa adzayamba mizu ndikuyamba kukula, mogwirizana ndi malamulo odzala ndi kusamalira. Thanzi la zomera limadalira pa nthaka yosankhidwa ndi zinthu.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji mphika?
Chaka chilichonse, ndikasindikiza, kukula kwa mphika kumawonjezeka ndi 2-3 masentimita. Muzu wa duwa uyenera kumangiriza chipinda chadothi. Mitengo ya dothi yaulere, imayambitsa zowola.
Analimbikitsa zinthu - keramik, kuwala kwa mtundu. Mphika wotero sudzapitirira dzuwa. Mu pulasitiki wamdima, mizu ya zomera imakhala pansi pa mphamvu ya kutentha kwapamwamba. Pansi pa thanki ayenera kukhala mabowo a ngalande.
Zolemba za dothi
Fuchsia imafuna gawo lopanda mphamvu la gawo lapansi ndi gawo losavomerezeka. Zokonzedweratu zokonzedweratu zopangidwa ndi zokongoletsedwa zapadziko lonse. Pofuna kukonza mapangidwe, ufa wophika umawonjezeredwa ku nthaka - perlite, vermiculite, gawo la kokonati.
Ngati mukufuna, dothi limakonzedwa motere:
- peat, masamba humus, kompositi, mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1: 1: 2;
- Nthaka yobiriwira: peat: mchenga (3: 1: 1).
Pansi pa mphikawo anatsanulira dothi losanjikiza la dothi lokhala ndi dothi kapena timatabwa tating'ono. Zidzateteza kuchepetsa madzi ndi leaching panthaka.
Chochita, kuti scion anapereka mizu?
Mpukutu wa Fuchsia unazulidwa pansi kapena madzi. Kuti tsinde liphuke mizu, limafunika:
- otentha kutentha kutentha (20-22 °);
- kuwala kozungulira bwino;
- mkulu chinyezi (80-90%).
Mtengo woyenera wa chinyezi udzaonetsetsa kuti galasi kapena thumba likuphimbidwa. Scion ndi mpweya wabwino tsiku ndi tsiku, condensate imachotsedwa pamakona a mtsuko. Mbeu imapulumulidwa ndi madzi kutentha. Kuwonekera kwa masamba atsopano pambuyo pa masabata 2-3 akuyankhula za bwino rooting.
Malangizo. Masamba apansi sayenera kukhudza nthaka, kuti asayambe kuvunda. Chofunika chomera chinyezi chimachepetsa kudulira masamba otsala ndi theka.
Malo ndi kuunikira
Mphika wa fuchsia umayikidwa pawindo lakummawa kapena lakumadzulo. Kumbali ya kumpoto kumayambitsa maluwa osafooka. Chomeracho chimafuna kuwala ndi mpweya wabwino. Malo abwino kwambiri a maluwa ndi khonde. Pa nthawi ya maluwa, fuchsia sungakhoze kukhudzidwa ndi kukonzanso, nthawi yomweyo imathetsanso masambawo.
Kutentha
Fuchsia imalekerera kutentha, ndipo kutentha kumachititsa kutaya ndi kutsika kwa masamba. Kutentha kwakukulu pa nyengo yokula ndi 16-20 °, m'nyengo yozizira 10-11 °. M'chilimwe, duwa limachotsedwa kunja kwa dzuwa, kuchititsa kuti tsamba liwotche komanso kutentha kwa mizu.
Kuthirira
Flower moistening ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la teknoloji yaulimi. Kutha kwa madzi kumabweretsa kuyanika, ndi kusefukira ku mizu yovunda. Kuthirira kumaphatikizidwa ndi madzi okhala. Kutentha ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumadalira kutentha mu chipinda, mpweya wa mphika, siteji ya chitukuko.
Avereji 100 ml pa mphika 0.5 malita, masiku 3-4. Dziwani kuti kufunika kotirira kumalola pang'ono. Ndodo ya matabwa pamphepete mwa mphika, ngati iyo ili yonyowa ndi yonyansa, ndiye si nthawi. Ngati matope a dziko lapansi, ndi nthawi yosakaniza.
Kuthira madzi kumalo m'malo mwa kupopera mbewu. Ngakhale kulibe maluwa, chomeracho chimayikidwa nthawi yosambira. M'dzinja, kuchuluka kwa madzi kuchepetsedwa. M'nyengo yozizira, 1-2 kuthirira pa mwezi ndi okwanira.
Feteleza
Fuchsia amatanthauza zomera zomwe zimafuna kudya nthawi zonse. Kamaluwa kakang'ono kamasowa feteleza ndi mkulu wa nayitrogeni. Chomera chachikulu chimakhala ndi zakudya zokwanira ndi phosphorus, calcium ndi zina zomwe zimawonekera. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zovuta kamodzi pamlungu kudzakwaniritsa zosowa za fuchsia. Zowonjezera mizu yapamwamba yokonzekera ndi kukonzekera "Bud" imathandiza pa nthawi ya maluwa. Mchere amachokera ndi organic.
Chotsatira chabwino ndicho kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza nthawi yaitali Osmocote (Osmokot). Mankhwalawa amaikidwa m'manda pamwamba pa madzi osanjikiza. Mineral substances ali mu makapisozi, pang'onopang'ono kutaya panthawi ya kuthirira. Pakatikatikatikati, kuti ayambe kukula kwa mphukira, amathiridwa ndi magnesium sulphate (1 tsp Per 1 lita imodzi ya madzi).
Feteleza angagwiritsidwe ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ndi ulimi wothirira, kuchepetsa ndondomeko yotumizidwa ndi nthawi 6.
Ndiletsedwa kudyetsa:
- zomera;
- mbande zosakwana masabata atatu;
- maluwa mu nthaka youma.
Chithunzi
Kenaka mungathe kuona chithunzi cha maluwa a fuchsia:
Momwe mungabzala - cuttings kapena mbewu?
Fuchsia imachulukitsa vegetatively ndi mbewu. Pachiyambi choyamba, timagwiritsidwe ntchito, timadulidwa kuchokera ku thanzi labwino. Nthawi yoyenera ndi yachisanu. Kwa rooting kusankha mphukira wobiriwira ndi awiri awiriawiri masamba. Kutalika kwa phesi ndi 10-15 cm. Njirayi imadulidwa ndi tsamba lakuthwa.
Malamulo ofalitsidwa ndi cuttings:
- Cuttings kumizidwa mu kapu ya madzi owiritsa, kuika pamalo owala.
- Masamba sayenera kukhudza madzi.
- Pambuyo masiku 7-10, mizu ikuwonekera.
- The cuttings amaikidwa mu gawo lotayirira kwa fuchsia.
- Sabata yoyamba imasungidwa pansi pa mtsuko wa galasi, ikuyendayenda tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kufalitsa mbewu:
- Pansi pa mbande kukonzekera kuwala kwa mchere nthaka: nkhuni, peat, mchenga.
- Mbewu imayikidwa pa nthaka yonyowa, pang'ono. Nthawi yobwera ndi March.
- Kuyamera kumawonekera, mbeu siziyenera kulowa pansi pakamwa.
- Chophimba chapamwamba chophimbidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu.
- Mphukira imasonyezedwa patatha masiku 30. Chophimbachotsedwa.
- Pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri, mbewu zimabzalidwa miphika yosiyana.
Kukula masamba kumakhala ndi ubwino wambiri pa kafalidwe ka mbewu:
- Nthanga ya fuchsia imatengera katundu wa mayi, koma palibe mbewu.
- Mphukira yamzuzu imamasula mchaka chomwecho.
- Kubalana cuttings nthawi yochepa.
Momwe mungalengeze fuchsia ndi pepala, phunzirani apa.
Malamulo okula
Moyo wa fuchsia umagawidwa mu nthawi ya ntchito (kasupe-yophukira) ndipo nthawi zina (yozizira). Pa nyengo yokula, maluwa amafunika kuthirira, kuwala, feteleza. Mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo kukongoletsa ndi kukumbina. Cholinganika choyamba chikuchitidwa pa 2-3 m'magazi a cuttings. Njirayi imabwerezedwa pamene ikukula. Kukonza kumachitika kawiri. Pamaso pa wintering zinatha nthambi zimachotsedwa. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mphukira zouma zimachotsedwa, nsonga zabwino zowfupikitsidwa ndi 1/3. Pambuyo kudulira, maluwawo amaikidwa mu nthaka yatsopano.
Ndikofunikira! Nthawi yopumula imabwera m'nyengo yozizira. Chomeracho chimasamutsira m'chipinda ndi kutentha kwa 10-12 °.
Kuthirira kawirikawiri, subcortex itatha mu October. M'chaka, tchire kubwerera kuwindo lowala, kuthirira madzi otentha. Otsala cuttings atatha kudulira mizu m'madzi kapena nthaka.
Werengani zambiri za malamulo okula ndikukula pano, ndipo apa tinakambirana za maonekedwe a munda wa fuchsia.
Mavuto angakhalepo
Kuwonongeka kwa zomera kungagawidwe m'magulu awiri. Zina zimayambitsidwa ndi chisamaliro chosayenera, ndipo chachiwiri ndi matenda ndi bowa kapena mabakiteriya.
Zolakwitsa zokhudzana
- Ma masamba akulu, mawanga achikasu - kusowa kwa zakudya. Amafuna zovuta mchere mchere.
- Kugwa masamba ndi masamba - kuphwanya ulamuliro wothirira nthaka, nthaka yadzaza kapena yodzala. Vuto lomwelo limapezeka pakakhala kupanda kuwala.
- Maluwa ochepa - Pali zifukwa zambiri: kusowa chakudya kapena chinyezi, kutentha kwakukulu.
Matenda opatsirana ndi tizirombo
Matenda ambiri a fuchsia ndi dzimbiri. Chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda ndi mabala a bulauni kumbuyo kwa masamba. Chiphuphu chimakula mofulumira, pozindikira zizindikiro za matendawa, chimachotsa maluwa. Masamba okhudzidwa amadulidwa ndikuwonongedwa. Chomera ndi nthaka zimatengedwa ndi mankhwala "Topaz".
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a whitefly ndi kangaude. Chotsatira cha ntchito yawo yofunika ndi kuwuma ndipo tsamba limagwa. Tizilombo "Aktara" kapena "Condifor" imagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi whitefly. Nkhutu kumenyana kumatanthauza "Akarin", "Fitoverm". Zitenga mankhwala atatu.
Zolakwika pa kubzala ndi kukula zimakhudza nthawi ya maluwa ndi kukula kwa masamba. Kuwala-shrub kumafuna kuwala kofalikira, mpweya wambiri komanso chinyezi. Kwa nyengo ya chilimwe, mumafuna malo omwe kutentha sikudzapitirira 20 °. Mu kutentha kwa fuchsia sheds maluwa ndi masamba.
