Zone geranium ndi imodzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri m'nyumba za geraniums. Chomera chokongoletserachi sichidzakongoletsera osati chipinda chokha, komanso khonde, chikhoza kubzalidwa m'nyengo yozizira mu flowerbeds.
Tiyeni tidziŵe mitundu yambiri ya pelargonium zone, ndi malamulo a kulima ndi kubalana, momwe angagwirire ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
Malongosoledwe a botanical a zomera
Zonal geranium, kapena, monga momwe imatchedwanso, malire, ndi a mtundu wa Pelargonium wa banja la geranium, chotero Pelargonium ndi geranium zidzaitcha molondola. Ichi ndi chomera chosatha chotentha, chomwe chimafuna kusintha nthawi zonse. Mofanana ndi pelargonium yonse, ili ndi tsinde lolunjika.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuphunzira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito geranium kwa mankhwala.
Zosavuta, zowirikiza kawiri kapena maluwa a terry amasonkhanitsidwa mu ambulera ndipo akhoza kukhala oyera mu mtundu kapena zosiyana zofiira, pinki kapena zofiirira. Kawirikawiri variegated mitundu. 
Kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu kuchokera kwa ena a pelargoniums ndi kuti masamba awo ali ndi chigawo cha mtundu wosiyana (bulauni, violet, kapena chiyero choyera), chomwe chingathe kutha popanda kuwala kokwanira.
| Mizu ya mizu | Caulis |
| Tsinde | Direct |
| Maonekedwe a leaf | Mbalame ya Palmar kapena ya kanjedza |
| Mtundu wa leaf | Chobiriwira ndi malo osiyana siyana |
| Flower mawonekedwe | Zinasiyanasiyana |
| Mtundu wa maluwa | White, pinki, wofiira, burgundy, wofiirira, variegated |
| Fruit Form | Bokosi |
Mukudziwa? Dziko lakumidzi la pafupifupi pelargoniums liri kum'mwera kwa dziko la Africa. Mitengo imeneyi ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 250.
Mzere
Tsopano mitundu yambiri ya geraniums yakhala ikukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa - bouquets (yosavuta maluwa), mabala, stellate, maluwa amaluwa, pinki maluwa (rousbad), tulip maluwa, maluwa okongola.
Kutalika kwa tchire, malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana, sikungakhale 12.5 cm, ndipo ukhoza kukula mpaka masentimita 80.
Magulu otsatirawa ndi otchuka kwambiri:
- Multiblum. Mitundu ya mtundu uwu imatuluka pambuyo pa masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri, zimasiyana mochuluka maluwa. Maluwa awiriwo akhoza kukhala ndi mtundu wosiyana ndi mamita atatu masentimita. Chitsamba chimakula mpaka masentimita 25-35 ndipo chimatha kuponyera mpaka 15 zokongola.
- Chandelier. Awa ndi hybrids ndi tchire pafupifupi 35 masentimita pamwamba ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zobiriwira za inflorescences. Chandelier White ali ndi maluwa aakulu mu zoyera. Violet Chandeliers ali ndi maluwa osavuta ovekedwa mu chibakuwa chokongola. Mbalame yotchedwa scarlet ili ndi mtundu wofiira wofiira. Bicolor Chandelier ali ndi maluwa awiri-maonekedwe a mtundu wa rasipiberi-woyera. Azimayi a mitundu yambiri ya magerani amatha kugula mbewu zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana. Amafuna kudziwa kuti ali ndi malo okwera mahatchi pa masamba.
- Nano. Gulu losiyana limeneli limasiyanitsidwa ndi zomera mpaka 20 cm pamwamba, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga zophimba pansi. Magulu akuluakulu a inflorescences akhoza kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyana, pali kusiyana kosiyana.
- Rafaella F1. Mbalame yake yosiyanasiyana (pafupifupi 12 cm) inflorescences, yokhoza kuphulika chaka chonse ndipo kusinthasintha kumawakopa wamaluwa ambiri.
- Apache F1. Mbali yosiyanasiyana ya mtundu uwu wa hybrids ndi kukhalapo kwa maluwa awiri-awiri ndi awiri a mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
- Tuscany (Toscana). Gulu losiyanasiyana la mitundu yosiyanasiyana limayimilidwa ndi timatabwa tambirimbiri tokha ndi mipira yodabwitsa. Chinthu chimodzi chokha chingathe kusangalatsa ndi kukongola kwake kwa mwezi umodzi, chitsamba chimakula kwambiri ndi chaka chonse. Maluwa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana akhoza kukhala mtundu wosangalatsa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Toscana Baldo, timapanga timene timene timakhala tambirimbiri (pafupifupi 25 cm). Toscana Hanna akhoza kukula mpaka masentimita 40 ndipo ali ndi mtundu wofiira wa pinki ndi maso oyera. Ku Toscana Linus, chitsamba chosakanikirana ndi zowonjezereka kwambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku maluwa akuluakulu ofiira ofiira ndi malo owala kwambiri.
- Maverick. Nkhumba zimenezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa oyambirira ndipo zimakula mpaka masentimita 40. Zitha kukhala ndi mtundu uliwonse.
- Ringo. Mafomu ophatikizana ndi tchire ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 30-35, omwe angakhale odzala kwambiri. Maluwa akhoza kukhala mitundu yosiyana.
Mukudziwa? Tsopano nambala yambiri ya hybrids ya pelargonium ili malire - pafupifupi 75,000 mitundu.
Zambiri zamtunduwu zimakhala bwino pawindo komanso m'munda kapena ngati chomera. Mukhoza kugula zitsamba za geranium zonal ndi zokoma zilizonse za ogulitsa mbewu: Alyona F1 zobiriwira, nsomba Yitka F1, White Blanca F1, pinki Yarku F1 ndi ena ambiri.
Kwa iwo omwe sangakhoze kusankha pa mtundu wofunidwa, inu mukhoza kugula zosakaniza zamitundu yambiri:
- Cabaret F2ikufalikira pa zana la zikwi;
- Coloram f2kukula mpaka theka la mita;
- Caprikufika masentimita 20 okha;
- Berry Mixzomwe zimakhala ndi mazira a mabulosi owopsa a pelargonium.
Izi siziri mitundu yonse yomwe lero idabzala obereketsa. Olima amalima amene amakonda pelargonium, pali zambiri zoti musankhe. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana. 
Zoyamba zimakhala ndi maluwa osadziwika bwino ndipo zimakulira masamba osungira.
Onani mitundu ya tulip geraniums.
Zomwe zimakulira kunyumba
Kuti chitukuko chitukuke komanso maluwa okongola a geranium ndizowonjezera kuti pakhale zikhalidwe zina.
Ikani maluwa
Malo a Pelargonium amakonda kuwala kwabwino, koma amatha kulekerera mthunzi wochepa. Sitiyenerera mawindo a kumpoto konse, ndipo kum'mwera ndi bwino kuyatsa pang'ono panthawi yotentha, yomwe ikhoza kuwotcha masamba ake.. Mbali ya kummawa kapena kumadzulo ndi yabwino.
Mu mthunzi, chomera chimatulutsidwa, chimatuluka ndipo sichitha pachimake. M'nyengo yozizira zimalimbikitsidwa kukhala ndi kuwala kochulukira, kotero kuti tchire usatambasule.
Ndikofunikira! Pelargonium ya mapangidwe a uniform pawindoli akulimbikitsidwa kuti pang'onopang'ono ayenderere pozungulira.
Mavuto otentha
Kutentha kwa nyengo ya chilimwe iyenera kukhala mkati mwa + 18 ... + 25 ° С, m'nyengo yozizira nthawi yopumula pa kutentha kwa 10 ... + 14 ° С ndi zofunika. Musati mutsimikize kutsika kutentha pansipa + 5 ° C - chomeracho chikhoza kufalikira. 
Kusintha kwa nyengo yozizira iyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono, popanda kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha. Chojambula chiyenera kukhalaponso.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Pelargonium imalekerera kutentha kwa mpweya. Pakati pa nyengo yotentha, pamene mpweya wouma mlengalenga mwamphamvu, ndibwino kuti ukhale wosangalatsa. Kuti muchite izi, musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala opopera, chifukwa madontho a madzi pa masambawo angakhalebe madontho.
Ndi bwino kuika chidebe ndi madzi pambali pake kapena kuyika chophika chomera pamapanga ndi miyala yowonongeka.
Kusamalira kwanu
Zonal geranium ndi ya kudzichepetsa m'nyumba maluwa, koma idzasowa kusamala.
Kuthirira
Kuthirira kumachitika ngati n'kofunika - pamene mbali yakumtunda ya nthaka imatha. Nthawi zambiri kuthirira kumadalira kutentha. M'nyengo yozizira, miphika kapena chikhalidwe chamakina ayenera kuthiriridwa pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mobwerezabwereza.
Video: momwe mungamweretse geraniums
Musalole kuyanika kwathunthu kwa nthaka kapena kutinso mudzaze. Poyamba, chomeracho chimatha, ndipo chachiwiri - chimatha kuvunda mizu. Palibe zofunikira za madzi kuthirira, ukhoza kuthirira madzi ndi madzi osadziwika, koma sayenera kukhala ozizira. Madzi ambiri, ndi madzi owonjezera amachotsedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Zonal geranium ndi bwino kuthira pang'ono kuposa kuchepa. Kutentha kwapamwamba kwazodzala ndi matenda a fungal.
Kupaka pamwamba
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti maluwa ambiri akukula m'nyengo ya kukula, geraniums amadyetsedwa masabata awiri. M'nyengo yozizira dormancy, kudyetsa kwaimitsidwa.
Ndi bwino kusintha pakati pa mchere feteleza ndi organic. Monga yoyamba, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okonzedwa bwino kapena ouma opangira pelargoniums ("Garden Club", "Tsamba losavundikira la pelargonium", "Royal Mix"). Mungagwiritse ntchito chilengedwe chonse chovuta feteleza maluwa ("Pakuti maluwa", "Universal").
Mmodzi mwa miyalayi ayenera kukhala potaziyamu, phosphorous, nayitrogeni, magnesium sulphate adzakhala othandiza kwa maluwa. Monga feteleza wachilengedwe mungagwiritse ntchito zovunda zokha, koma musazigwiritse ntchito, chifukwa muli ndi nayitrogeni wambiri.
Kunyumba, maluwa ambiri a pelargonium amatha kubzalidwa ndi njira izi:
- Mkaka. Ili ndi zinthu zambiri zofunika pa mitundu. Mkaka umayeretsedwa ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10.
- Phulusa. Ndi gwero la mchere wamtengo wapatali, wokhazikika mosavuta ndi zomera. Mu madzi okwanira 1 litaphatikiza 1 tbsp. l phulusa.
- Yiti. Kudyetsa koteroko kudzasintha malo a mizu. Mu madzi okwanira 1 litre timatsuka 3 g wa yisiti ndi 2 tbsp. l mchenga wa shuga.
- Mazira a nkhuku. Chitsimikizo chabwino cha calcium. Zigobowo zimagulidwa kunthaka.
Kudyetsa ndi ayodini kumathandiza kwambiri ku geranium - kumathandiza kuti maluwa ambiri abwere. Mu madzi okwanira 1 litre, sungani dontho limodzi la ayodini ndikutsanulira osapitirira 50ml pansi pa mbeu iliyonse. Chida choterocho sichiyenera kugwera pamtunda wobiriwira wa geranium, icho chimayambitsidwa pamakoma a thanki lodzala.
Pezani zambiri zokhudza momwe mungadyetse geraniums kuti mukhale ndi maluwa ambiri kunyumba.
Kudulira
Zonal geraniums amafunikira kudulira kuti apange chitsamba chobiriwira, chimene chiyenera kuchitika kawiri pachaka. Chofunika kwambiri kudulira kumapeto kwa nyengo yokula - mu kugwa (September-October). Panthawi ino, zimayambira zimachepetsedwa ndi 1/3 kapena 2/3 za kutalika. Chotsani mphukira zofooka kapena kukula mkati.
M'chaka, shrub imadulidwa kumapeto kwa February kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March, ngati iyo imatuluka, ndipo imachita bwino, imasiya masamba 3-5 pa mphukira iliyonse. 
Ngati kutentha kumatentha kutentha ndipo sikumakula, kumangokwanira kutsitsa pamwamba ndikuwombera kuti zimayambira. Kuwongolera kotereku kumachitika nthawi yonse ya kukula.
Nthawi iliyonse, kudulira kwaukhondo kumachitidwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa masamba a yellowed ndi nthambi zakale, zikuyandama inflorescences.
Mukamadula kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zowonongeka za disinfected. Mdulidwewo umapangidwa pambali ndipo umaphimbidwa ndi phulusa, sinamoni kapena wofiira.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muphunzire momwe mungadulire bwino ndi kutsitsa geranium kuti mukhale maluwa okongola.
Kuwaza
Kusambala kumachitika kumapeto kwa February kapena March. Young zonal geranium baka ndi kuziika chaka ndi chaka, komanso zakale - monga pakufunikira, pamene mizu imadzaza chidebe chonsecho. Phika ndi bwino kusankha dongo, kukula kwa mizu kapena 1-1.5 masentimita.
Onetsetsani kuti mukhale ndi dzenje la madzi. Madzi okwerawo ayenera kukhala olemera 2 cm. Kwa iwo mungatenge miyala, matalala osweka, mazira, zidutswa zadongo.
Monga dothi, mutha kutenga gawo lotsirizidwa ndikuwonjezera feteleza ndi nitrogenous sulphate.
Video: momwe mungasinthire geraniums Pamene kudzipanga nokha gawo lapansi kumapanga mixakiti awa:
- peat, dothi lachonde la m'munda, mchenga wonyezimira mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 2: 1;
- mtedza, tsamba la masamba, humus, peat, mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 2: 2: 1: 1.
Ndikofunikira! Kusindikizidwa kwa geranium zonal kuyenera kuchitika mwa njira yosinthira, mwachitsanzo, ndi kusungidwa kwa nthaka. Kupatulapo ndiko kuzindikira ndi kufunikira kochotsa mizu yovunda ndi tizirombo.
Kuswana
Gwiritsani ntchito geranium zonal bwino mbewu kapena kukulumikiza.
Cuttings
Kudula kumeneku kumapangidwa kuyambira nthawi ya January mpaka April. Izi zimachitika bwino pakudulira masika.
Kuphatikizidwa ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito nsonga za chomera. Phesi lirilonse likhale ndi awiri awiri awiri. Mpeni kapena lumo pofuna kuchepetsa ziyenera kukhala zowonongeka bwino. 
Kudula pansi kumapangidwira pambali, ndi pamwamba (ngati tsinde) - molunjika. Dulani kuchotsa zinthu zouma kwa maola awiri mu mpweya wabwino pamalo othunzi. Kenaka amaika m'madzi kapena gawo lapadera.
Nthaka yobzalayo ili ndi mchenga wa mtsinje wa tizigawo ting'onoting'ono, peat, vermiculite. Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu yochepa ya potaziyamu permanganate kuti muteteze matenda a fungal.
Tikukulangizani kuti muphunzire kufalitsa uthenga wa geranium kunyumba.
Kufika kumayikidwa pamalo okongola, kutentha kutentha kwambiri ... + 24 ° С.
Pambuyo masiku 21-25, zidutswazo zimadzulidwa ndipo zimakhoza kubzalidwa m'magawo osiyana, zomwe zimayikidwa pamalo abwino. Pakuti bwino rooting, iwo akulimbikitsidwa kutsanulira yisiti njira (100 g yisiti pa 1 l madzi).
Pakatikati mwa mwezi wa May, kubzala zinthu kungabzalidwe pamalo otseguka.
Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu
Kufesa kwa mbewu zimapangidwa kuchokera mu December mpaka March.
Poyambirira, ndondomeko yowonongeka. Pachifukwachi, mbewuyi imayikidwa pakati pa mapepala awiri ndipo imayimitsa sandpaper yabwino. Izi ziyenera kuchitika chifukwa chakuti mbeuyi ili ndi chigoba chachikulu. 
Ngati simukuchita izi, kumera kumamera kudzatha, ndipo nthawi ya kumera idzawonjezeka. Ngati mbeuyo idagulidwa mu sitolo ya m'munda mwa mawonekedwe a dragees, izi sizichitika.
Kufesa mbewu kumachitika mu gawo lokonzekera. Zimapangidwa ndi peat, mchenga wa mtsinje wa zigawo zambiri, vermiculite. Mungagwiritsenso ntchito mankhwala osakaniza ndi peat, mchenga ndi vermiculite.
Mukudziwa? Pali njira ina yowonongeka - mbewu zina zimayikidwa m'madzi otentha, kenako m'madzi ozizira. Kuti athetse zotsatira, njirayi ikhoza kubwerezedwa kangapo. Kenaka njerezi zimayikidwa m'madzi otentha ndikuzisunga tsiku.Ndizosavuta kubzala mbeu m'mapiritsi apadera a peat, omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo alionse. Gawo lapansi liyenera kuthiriridwa musanadzalemo. Pofuna kupewa matenda a fungal, iyeneranso kuyambitsidwa ndi njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate.
Mbewu imayikidwa pamwamba pa nthaka tamped, ndipo imawaza ndi gawo lapansi pamwamba pang'ono. Kenako wothira madzi ofunda kuchokera ku botolo. Kuchokera pamwamba, chidebe chodzala chimadzazidwa ndi phukusi la cellophane kuti likhale ndi wowonjezera kutentha ndikuika pamalo ndi kutentha kwa 21 ° 24 ° C. Thumbayo imatsukidwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa mphindi khumi mpweya wokwanira ndipo gawo lapansi limanyowa.
Nthaka nthawi zonse ikhale yonyowa, koma yopanda madzi. Kuti muchite izi, perekani mankhwalawa ndi madzi ofunda. Kamodzi pa sabata pofuna kupewa madzi okwanira ndi njira yochepa ya potaziyamu permanganate.
Amamera m'masiku 7-14. Koma nthawi zina izi zimatha mpaka masabata atatu. Pambuyo popanga mapepala atatuwa, mbande zimatuluka. Kuti pakhale chitsamba chobiriwira pamwamba pa tsamba 6, pangani kusinikiza. 
Musanabzala mutseguka nthaka ndi zomera ziyenera kuumitsidwa. Kuti achite zimenezi, amatulutsidwa panja (khonde, loggia), poyamba mwachidule, koma pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi. Kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kuchepetsedwa kuposa 11 ° С.
Phunzirani zambiri za momwe mungayamire geraniums kunyumba ndi nthawi yanji.
Zingatheke ndi kukula
Pokula malo a geranium, pangakhale mavuto ena. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi maonekedwe a matenda, komanso ndi zilombo za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Izi zimabuka chifukwa cha kusamalidwa mosayenera kapena pakakhala zovuta zina zakunja.
Matenda
Kuwoneka kwa matenda ambiri a fungalow kumapangitsa kuti chinyezi chisawonongeke, kotero pa zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa ziyenera kuchepetsedwa kuthirira madzi osachepera.
Matenda ambiri a pelargonium ndi awa:
- Grey kuvunda. Amadziwika ndi mawanga oyera pamtunda wobiriwira. Mapepala omwe ali pamunsi pamtunda amakhudzidwa makamaka. Zikuwoneka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinyezi ndi mopitirira muyeso wa nayitrogeni omwe ali ndi feteleza. Mankhwala amtundu wa Vitaros ndi Readzol amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana.
- Alternaria Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza mapesi. Pa chomeracho kumawoneka mawanga ofiira ndi kuwala pakati. Patapita nthawi, mawanga amakhala mdima chifukwa cha mvula yambiri. Kulimbana ndi fungicides "Skor", "Ridomil Gold".
- Rhizoctonia zowola. Pa chomeracho kumawonekera mawanga a mdima wakuda. Chomeracho chikufota, pa mawanga pa nthawi mungathe kuwona maluwa (fungal mycelium). M'pofunika kuchita mankhwala opangira mankhwala "Vitaros", "Readzol", "Rovral".
- Zowonongeka bwino. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi mawanga achikasu omwe amawoneka pansi, ndiyeno amafalikira pamwamba. Matendawa amatha kupitirira m'nthaka mpaka zaka 15. Pofuna kuthetsa vutolo, pangani mankhwala osokoneza bongo "Vitaros", "Fundazol", "Rovral".
- Kutupa. Chiwotchi chimatuluka pambali kumunsi, ndipo mawanga achikasu amapezeka kumtunda kwa chomeracho. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kuchotsa kachilombo ka mbeu ndikugwiritsira ntchito Topaz fungicide.
- Kuwonongeka kochedwa. Lingakhudze mizu kapena zimayambira za tchire. Chomeracho chimatha, ndipo pogonjetsedwa ndi mizu, malo amdima amaoneka omwe ali ndi chipsinjo chopsinjika. Kulimbana ndi mankhwala opatsirana omwe amavomerezedwa ngati "Phindu-Golide" kapena "Ridomil."
- Muzu ndi tsinde zowola. Chomeracho chimatha.Mizu ili ndi mawanga akuda, ndipo mu khosi la muzu mumatha kuona mawanga akuda, omwe amayamba kuvunda. Kutenga nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'nthaka. Pankhaniyi, gwiritsani ntchito "Previkur" kapena "Ridomil-Gold."
Mukudziwa? Pinki ya geranium ku esoterica imatengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha chikondi ndi banja losangalala, ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti n'koyenera m'nyumba yomwe anthu okwatirana amakhala. Kwa atsikana osakwatiwa kapena anyamata osakwatiwa amene akufuna kupeza munthu wokwatirana naye, amalimbikitsanso kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pinki maluwa.
Tizilombo
Kuwoneka kwa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tizilombo kumathandiza kuti zouma mphepo m'nyengo yachilimwe.
Kawirikawiri, zonal geraniums amachiza tizirombo ngati izi:
- Aphid Pa masamba kuoneka stickiness, masamba kutembenukira chikasu. Pofuna kuchotsa tizilombo tomweyi amatanthauza "Aktellik", "Fitoverm", "Akarin", "Aktara", mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito fumbi fodya.
- Whitefly. Mphutsi ya tizilombo toyambitsa matendayi timakhala ndi masamba obiriwira, omwe amachititsa kuti duwa liwonongeke kwambiri. Kukonzekera kwa mankhwala "Aktara", "Aktellik", "Fitoverm" idzagwira bwino ntchitoyi.
- Kangaude mite Pa chomeracho mungathe kuona kabokosi kakang'ono ka kangaude ndi mabala achikasu. Ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi tizilomboti tiyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo masamba otsukidwa ndi madzi sosi. Ndi mandimu yamphamvu, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa "Vertimek", "Aktellik".
