Guernia sichinthu chosowa pazenera zowona okonda maluwa, ngakhale kuti amadzichepetsa. Pakati pa maluwa, amawoneka okongola, kotero kuti chomeracho ndi chokongola pakati pa alimi. Kufotokozera ndi zochitika za kulima Guernias taganizirani m'nkhaniyi.
Mafotokozedwe a botanical a zomera zamkati
Izi zokongola ndi za banja la Lastovnev. South Africa ndi Arabia Peninsula zimaonedwa kuti ndi malo obadwirako. Chomeracho ndi chosatha, kawirikawiri chimakhala ndi 4-5 zimayambira za mtundu wobiriwira, nthawi zina zimatha kuwona ma marble kapena madontho ofiira. Zimayambira zodzala ndi mano ang'onoang'ono omwe sangakhale ndi singano. Mbalameyi imatha kukula mpaka masentimita 30. Pali mitundu yowongoka ndi yokwawa.
Masamba a guernias ndi ofooka kwambiri, koma amawuma mofulumira ndikugwa. Njira zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku masamba omwe amatha kufikako zimatha kuchoka ku zimayambira. Motero, zokomazo zimafanana ndi chitsamba chosungunuka, chomwe chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi nthaka ndi mizu yaing'ono, yomwe ili pamwamba pa nthaka.
Maluwa akukula kuchokera pa masentimita 5 mpaka 10, ali ndi mtundu wosiyana malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana. Amaoneka ngati maluwa. Maluwa onse ali pa phesi lochepa. Maonekedwe a inflorescences angawoneke ngati nyenyezi kapena korona. Khungu pa iwo ndi osalala, ndipo pakati pali pharynx ndi papillae yaing'ono. Maluwa akhoza kukhala amodzi okhawo, komanso ndi zokopa.
Kukonza duwa kumachitika chifukwa cha ntchentche, ndipo pofuna kukopa iwo, chomera chimapangitsa fungo losasangalatsa, lomwe limangowonjezereka ndi kuyambika kwa kutentha. Maluwa amodzi akhoza kukhala osapitirira masiku awiri, koma inflorescences akufalikira mochulukira, chifukwa momwe maluwawo amatha miyezi yambiri. Nthawi ya maluwa akugwira ntchito mu June - September. Chidziwikiritso cha maluwa ndi chakuti iwo amakhala pachimake kuyambira kumunsi. M'malo mwa duwa, atatha kupulumukira bwino, chipatso chimapezeka ndi mbewu zing'onozing'ono mkati.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu yosiyanasiyana Mitundu ya nkhono, yomwe imapezeka ku South Africa, kuphatikizapo fungo lapadera, imatha kutulutsa kutentha, mofanana ndi pamene nyama ikuvunda. Zimasocheretsanso ntchentche zomwe zimakonda kuika mphutsi pamtunda, ngati kuti zamasamba.
Mitengo ya zomera
Mtundu wa guernias uli ndi mitundu yoposa 60 ya zomera. Ambiri ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, koma ambiri amasiyana mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe:
- Kenyan. Zimayambira pansi, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 30. Pali nthiti zokhala ndi mano pa mphukira. Mu June, maluwa akuyamba, amene amadziwika ndi maonekedwe a inflorescences angapo masamba. Maluwawo ali ngati mbale zofiirira. Maluwa amodzi amatha kufika masentimita atatu.
- Zebrina. Zimakula kuposa masentimita 10. Zimayambira 4, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi pafupifupi 2 cm. Kuchokera dzuwa padzuwa lachimera limatha kuwonekera. Maluwawo amafanana ndi nyenyezi yokhala ndi phokoso losakanikirana, kukula kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 7. Pakati pake amajambulidwa mu mtundu wa burgundy, ndipo ali wophimbidwa ndi mikwingwirima yachikasu pamalangizo.
- Zipatso zazikulu. Zimayambira kukula ndikukhala ndi bluish outflow. Kutalika kwa chomera ndi pafupifupi masentimita 20. Pali nthiti 7 pa tsinde, ndipo inflorescences ali ndi masamba 5 aliyense. Maluwa a burgundy amakhala ndi maonekedwe a mdima, ndipo amakhala awiri cm.
- Zovuta. Mphukirayi ndi yopyapyala, pafupifupi masentimita 1.5 m'lifupi, ili ndi mbali zisanu. Maluwawo amawoneka ngati belu ndi 5 pamakhala. Mtundu ndi wa pinki. Mzerewu uli ndi mapepala a mdima wandiweyani.
- Misozi. Ali ndi timayeso tating'onoting'onoting'ono, tomwe timaphimbidwa ndi mano. Zikuwoneka ngati cactus wodziwika bwino. Mphukira yokha ndi yobiriwira bwino, nsonga ndi zofiira pa mano. Maluwa ali ndi minofu ndipo amawoneka ngati nyenyezi, ndipo amakhala wolemera pakati pa 2.5 ndi 5 cm. Mtundu wa inflorescences ukhoza kukhala wofiira, wachikasu kapena wa terracotta.
- Wokoma mtima. Mphukirazo ndizozungulira, ndi mbali zisanu, zobiriwira zobiriwira. Maluwa amawoneka ngati korona wamitundu ya mchenga. Mkati mwa maluwawo muli ndi madontho a burgundy.
Zomwe zimakulira kunyumba
Chomerachi chikhoza kukula ngakhale alimi osadziŵa zambiri, chifukwa ndi odzichepetsa mosamala. Malamulo a kulima alibe mbali iliyonse, kotero zikhalidwe zake ziyenera kulengedwa mofanana ndi zomera zina zamkati.
Malo ndi kuunikira
Ndi bwino kukhala ndi zomera kummawa kapena kumadzulo kwa nyumbayo. Tsiku lonse kuwala kwa dzuŵa kuyenera kuunikira chomeracho. Zomerazi zimakula bwino pamalo okongola, koma nthawi yamasana mvula yotentha imatha kuvulaza mbewu, kotero muyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito maola angapo patsiku. Ngati pali kuwala pang'ono, mphukira idzatuluka ndipo imakhala yopyapyala.
Onaninso 10 malo otchuka a cacti akufotokozera ndi chithunzi.Pankhaniyi, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito nyali zapadera, makamaka kufunika kwake kuwonjezeka m'nyengo yozizira. Kuwonjezera apo, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti wokongola samakonda kusintha chizolowezi chokhalamo. Kuunikira kuyenera kugwa nthawi zonse, kotero musasinthe mphika kapena kusuntha. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa malo komwe mphamvu yamagetsi imatha kukhazikitsa masamba ndi maluwa.
Mavuto otentha
Pamene nyengo imatentha kunja, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya kumachokera ku +23 mpaka + 27 ° C, mumatha kuchotsa huerniya kumalo osungiramo malo, kumene kumakhala moyo mpaka chimfine choyamba chimawombera. Kawirikawiri nthawi iyi ndi miyezi inayi - kuchokera pa Meyi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa October. M'nyengo yozizira, zokoma zimayenera kuikidwa m'malo ozizira. Kutentha mu chipinda chiyenera kukhala kuyambira +5 mpaka + 10 ° C.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Ngati chipinda ndi mpweya wouma - izi sizotsutsana ndi magetsi. Sichimafuna hydration kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwala, ndipo simukutsuka chomera pansi pamsamba. Izi zimakhala zowoneka ngati zovunda pa zimayambira, kotero kuti chinyezi chikhale pafupifupi 30%. Pochotsa fumbi ndi zonyansa zina ku mapesi, ndi bwino kupukuta khungu lawo ndi nsalu yowonongeka, ubweya wa thonje kapena nsalu.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati guernia imalowa m'malo obisala kwambiri, ndiye kuti masiku angapo chabe zimayambira.
Kusamalira kwanu
Pamene mukukula bwino kwambiri panyumba, m'pofunika kusamala zina, zomwe zimadalira nyengo.
Kusamba malamulo
M'chilimwe ndi masika, zimalimbikitsidwa kuthirira mbewu mumasika kokha nthaka itatha. Kubzala nthaka ndi koopsa pa chomera, monga nthaka yowomba ndi nthaka imatha kutsogolera imfa ya okoma. Chifukwa cha zolakwika mu kuthirira, chomeracho chingadwale ndi bowa zomwe zimayambitsa kuvunda pa tsinde kapena rhizome.
Kusunga zomera ndi kovuta kwambiri, ndipo kungathe kufa patangotha sabata imodzi. M'nyengo yozizira, m'pofunika kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuthirira kapena kuwaletsa. Pa njira yoyenera, kutentha kwa madzi kumafanana ndi kutentha kwa mpweya m'chipinda. Ndi bwino kumwa madzi okoma pansi pazu - kuti madontho asapitirire pa tsinde ndi maluwa.
Kupaka pamwamba
Zovala zapamwamba za guernia ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka 1-2 pa mwezi, komabe izi siziyenera kuchitika panthawi yonse. Pakuti njirayi ingagulidwe ku sitolo kale yokonzeka fetereza kwa cacti kapena succulents.
Kukonzekera kotere kumakhala ndi mchere wambiri ndi zakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino ndikuphuka kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ndibwino kumvetsera kuti feteleza alibe nayitrogeni mumapangidwe ake, kapena kuti inali yaying'ono. Sikoyenera kudyetsa chomera m'nyengo yozizira.
Kudulira
Pokhapokha, mphamvu sichimafika kukula kwakukulu pakukula, choncho, mphukira zake siziyenera kuchotsedwa. Ngati mukufuna, izi zikhoza kuchitika panthawi yopatsirizidwa - pakali pano, m'pofunika kukonza magawo ndi phulusa. Kuloledwa kumadulidwa kokha zouma zouma.
Kuwaza
Kubwezeretsanso izi ndizofunikira m'chaka. Pa nthawi yomweyi, poto yatsopano iyenera kusankhidwa masentimita angapo kuposa kale.
Ndikofunikira! Maonekedwe a nthaka ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi omwe zomera zimakula patsogolo kusanthanso.
Mitengo yachinyamata imafuna kuwonjezeka mu mphika chaka chilichonse, kotero, kupatsa kwawo kumachitika nthawi zambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu ndi kumasulidwa kwa mphukira za mbeu mu nthawi ino ya moyo. Koma mizu ya zomera izi sizikutenga malo ambiri, kotero kuikidwa kwa zitsanzo zakale kale kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha kamodzi pa zaka 2-3.
Ngati dothi silili ndi kachilombo ndipo mulibe bowa, ndiye kuti chomeracho chikulangizidwa kuti chikhale ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera: njira iyi simungasokoneze mizu yovuta. Apo ayi, ndibwino kuti mutenge nthaka. Komanso pamene akuwombera odziwa maluwa odziwa bwino amalangizidwa kuti achotse tsinde lakale, ndikubzala mphukira zazing'ono.
Kuswana
Izi zimatha kuberekana ndi kudula ndi mbewu, zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zambiri. Muzochitika za nyumbayo mumasankha njira yomwe imavomerezedwa kwa inu. Ndipo kuti njirayi ikhale yopindulitsa, m'pofunika kuganizira miyambo ina.
Cuttings
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito njirayi, choyamba muyenera kusiyanitsa mphukira zazing'ono kuyambira kale. Pambuyo pake, mphukirayi imasinthidwa kwa maola 24 kuti iume.
Pambuyo pa tsiku mutha kukwera ana a Guernias mu chisakanizo cha mchenga wambiri ndi peat. Kutentha kwa mpweya m'chipinda chiyenera kukhala + 20 ° С. Pakatha masabata ndi theka masabata adzawoneka pa cuttings. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chakuti n'zotheka kudzala zitsanzo zomwe zimalimbitsa miphika yosatha ndi masentimita 7.
Nthaka iyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale. Kwa ichi muyenera kusakaniza:
- Gawo limodzi la mchenga;
- Zidutswa ziwiri za nthaka;
- Gawo limodzi;
- Gawo limodzi losakaniza la malasha ndi laimu mu chiŵerengero cha 1 mpaka 8.
Werengani mfundo zothandiza kusamalira maluwa a Decembrist kunyumba.
Mbewu
Mbewu za zokomazi zingagulidwe, koma ndi bwino kusonkhanitsa nokha. Kawirikawiri iwo ali mu zipatso zomwe ziri pa inflorescences. Mutatha kusonkhanitsa tirigu, m'pofunika kuchotsa. Kenaka nkhaniyi imayikidwa mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate ndi yofesedwa. Choyamba, m'pofunika kudzala mbewu muzitsulo zosiyana, momwe nthaka ya mchenga kapena gawo la sitolo ya zokometsera imakonzekera pasadakhale.
Zimatengera pafupifupi mwezi kuti mbewu ifike. Nthaŵi yonseyi, nthaka imakhala yothira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo sikuvomerezeka kuphika miphika ndi zojambulajambula kapena magalasi. Mbewu zikamera, zimatha kubzalidwa miphika yosiyana ndi mamita 6 masentimita. Zomwe zimapanga nthaka zimakhala zofanana ndi kufalitsa kwa cuttings.
Ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti zomera zimakula mofulumira komanso mosavuta pereopyletsya, pambaliyi, zomera zazing'ono zimasiyana mosiyana ndi chitsanzo cha makolo. Kuwonjezera apo, musalole kuti nthaka ikhale yowuma mu chaka choyamba cha moyo wa okoma. Mbeu za Gerbed zimachokera ku mbewu zimayamba pachimake mkati mwa zaka 3-4 pambuyo pa kumera.
Mavuto akukula
Nthawi zina pa zokoma zimayambira mdima wandiweyani amatha kuziwona - izi zimatentha kuchokera ku dzuwa. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunikira kuyika chomeracho ndi nsalu kapena pepala. Koma musakhale achangu ndi izi, chifukwa chomeracho chidzakhala chowoneka bwino komanso chosasangalatsa. Zowonongeka kwa Guernia zikufalikira mu nthaka ndi chinyezi chapamwamba.
Mukudziwa? Poona zomera zimenezi kwa nthawi yoyamba, Goethe anafotokoza kuti iwo ndi "maluŵa okongola kwambiri," chifukwa cha fungo lawo lamphamvu. Ndipo a British adatcha nsomba zoipa za Guerniya, chifukwa kuyamwa kwake kukufanana ndi nsomba yovunda.Ngati pali chinyezi chochuluka kwambiri, ndiye kuti melibubu ya powdery imawonekera pa duwa, yomwe imatsogolera ku matenda a fungal. Kuti muchotse, muyenera kuchiza chomera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga "Aktara" kapena "Intavir". Komanso, chinyezi chochulukira chingayambitse chomera. Zikuwoneka mawanga ofiira kapena imvi pa thunthu. Pachifukwa ichi, kuchotsedwa mwamsanga kwa madera okhudzidwa ndi nthaka ya nthaka kudzathandiza.
Chifukwa chakuti zamoyo zamtunduwu zowonongeka kuti zizoloŵe ku chipululu choopsa, mavuto ake omwe amapezeka kumudzi nthawi zambiri samawuka. Poganizira zofunikira zonse za kukula kwa mphamvu, ngakhale maluwa osadziŵa zambiri angapange chomera chodabwitsa pawindo.
