Zojambula zokongola za begonia: zodziwikiratu za kusamalidwa kwawo

Begonia ndi wotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe akuluakulu ndi mitundu ya masamba ndi maluwa. Komanso, chomeracho chimakhala chosavuta kukula kunyumba. Nkhaniyi ndi odzipereka kwa subtleties wa m'nyumba kulima kukongoletsa ndi leafy mitundu ya begonia.

Kufotokozera za zomera zamkati

Mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera begonia imakula ngati chitsamba chobiriwira, koma palinso mitundu yofanana ndi mitengo. Kutalika kumakula kuchokera pa masentimita 15 kufika 1 mita. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yamtengo wapatali kwa masamba ake okongola. Iwo ali osiyana mu mawonekedwe - ozungulira ndi odulidwa, opotozedwa mu mawonekedwe ndi mapiri ojambulidwa. Kawirikawiri amafanana ndi khutu la njovu. Masamba osiyanasiyana ndi amitundu - amatha kupanga monochromatic ndikuphatikiza mitundu 2-3, ali ndi zobiriwira, zofiira, zoyera, siliva, zofiira. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba owoneka bwino, yosalala ndi yokutidwa ndi tsitsi. Kukongoletsa begonia kumakhala kosavuta maluwa.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yabwino kwambiri kumunda nyumba, nyumba, maofesi, minda yozizira, mabwalo, masitepe. Ikhoza kukula zonse zokha komanso ngati mbali ya maluwa. Lero akuwonetsa mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera begonia begonia.

Mukudziwa? Begonia amatchulidwa ndi mwamuna yemwe sanamuwonepo mmoyo wake. Mbale woyamba wa ku France, Charles Plumier, anapeza mitundu yambiri ya duwa ku Antilles. Wasayansi wothirira dzina lake bwenzi lake, Michel Begon, woyang'anira chigawo cha ku France.

Zotchuka kwambiri ndi izi:

• Ufumu;
• Tiara;
• Zopanda;
• Griffin;
• Mfumu;
• Mason;
• Griffith.

Zomwe zimakulira kunyumba

Pofuna kuwonetsa kukongola kwa masamba a begonia kumakhala kotheka, m'pofunikira kupanga zinthu zabwino kwa iwo monga mawonekedwe abwino, kutentha kwakukulu ndi chinyezi.

Malo ndi kuunikira

Kwa chomera ichi cha mkati mumasowa kuwala ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi tsiku lowala kwa maola 11-15. Tikulimbikitsidwa kukula ku begonia kumwera kumwera ndi kum'mwera chakumadzulo windowsills.

Kumpoto ndi mdima kwambiri kuti ukhale ndi duwa. Pamene zinthu za begonias pa windowsill ya kumwera zimafuna kupezeka kwa dzuwa. M'nyengo yozizira, zimalimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa kuunikira kwina ndi nyali za fulorosenti.

Mukudziwa? Mu mzinda wa Rochefort (France) mu 1986 anatsegula Begonias Orangery, maluwa okongola kwambiri ku Ulaya, okhala ndi mitundu 400 ndi zinyama 900, zomwe zitsamba zake zinkafika kutali kuchokera 5 cm mpaka 5 mamita.

Mavuto otentha

Zomwe zimapangidwira kutentha kwazomwe zimapanga zokongoletsera chaka chonse ndi 20 ... + 25 ° С. Maluwawo amalekerera kutentha kwakanthawi kufika 16+ + 18 ° С. Kukula pamtunda wotsika kwa chomera kumapweteka.

Kutentha kwa mpweya

M'chipinda chomwe begonia chimakula, muyenera kusunga chinyezi pamtunda wa 50-65%. Pamene mpweya uli wouma kwambiri, mapeto a masamba akuwuma ndipo kangaude imatuluka. Ngati chinyezi chiri chapamwamba kwambiri, mizu ikhoza kuvunda. M'chaka ndi chilimwe mbewu ikhoza kutsitsidwa. Mukhoza kuika mphika pa thireyi ndi miyala yowonongeka kapena dothi lowonjezera, komanso kutonthoza mpweya ndi chodziwika bwino. Kupopera mbewu sikuletsedwa m'nyengo yozizira.

Kusankha kwa pot

Poto la kubzala begonias limatenga losaya komanso lonse. Ndi bwino kukula maluwa m'mapulasitiki. Komabe, ziwiya za ceramic zimagwiranso ntchito. Chinthu chachikulu ndichoti pansi pake anali ndi mabowo omwe amatulutsa chinyezi.

Kusamalira kwanu

Begonia imafuna chisamaliro chochepa. Izi ziphatikizapo kutsirira, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa m'chaka ndi chirimwe, feteleza panthawi ya kukula, kudulira ndi kuika.

Ndikofunikira! Musawope, ngati mkati mwa miyezi 1-2 mutatha kubzala begonia imasiya kukula. Kotero amakhudzidwa ndi kupanikizika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha kukula.

Kupaka pamwamba

Pa nyengo yokula ndibwino kuti manyowa a begonia ayambe. Izi zidzakulitsa kukongoletsa kwake, zimayambitsa kukula ndi kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Njira yabwino yoperekera ndikugwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala ndi mineral feteleza. Kutchulidwa kwafupipafupi ndi nthawi imodzi mu masabata awiri. Mu sitolo mungathe kugula mapangidwe omwe apangidwa mwachindunji kuti begonias ndi dzina lomwelo. Komanso oyenera feteleza zonse, monga "Kemira-chilengedwe" kapena zomwe zapangidwa kuti azaleas. Kuyambira October mpaka February, kudyetsa kwaimitsidwa. Panthawiyi, chomeracho chimapumula, choncho sichiyenera kusokonezeka.

Kusamba madzi

Kuthirira kwa begonias kumafuna moyenera. Imachitanso chimodzimodzi mofanana ndi kuchepa kwa chinyezi ndi kusowa kwake. Monga momwe zimakhalira zitsamba zina zamkati, zimatsogoleredwa ndi nthaka. Madzi amodzi akutsatira amachitika pamene pamwamba pazitsulo za dziko lapansi zimalira. Ndikofunika kumwa madzi ambiri, pansi pazu. Pambuyo pa madzi owonjezera omwe akulowa mu poto, ayenera kuthiridwa.

Ndikofunikira! Pothirira madzi, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti madontho asagwa pamtengo, amawombera ndi masamba. Kusanyalanyaza lamuloli kumabweretsa maonekedwe oipa ndi kuwotcha.

M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa - pambuyo poyanika chapamwamba pansi wosanjikiza, dikirani wina 1-2 masiku. Gwiritsani madzi ozizira otentha kutentha. Iyenera kudutsa mu fyuluta yomwe imachotsa chlorini ndi zosafunika, kapena kutetezedwa kwa masiku 1-2.

Kodi mungachepetse bwanji?

Anapanga kudulira begonia alibe. M'chaka, musanayambe kuziika, muyenera kudula nthawi yayitali, mphukira yakale. M'tsogolomu, iwo angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga cuttings kwa kubalana. Masamba owuma ndi masamba amachotsedwa ngati pakufunikira. Kuika masamba a zomera zachinyamata ziyenera kuchitika pachaka kumayambiriro kwa masika. Zomera zomwe zafika zaka 4 zimaloledwa kubwezeretsa nthawi 1 mu zaka 2-3. Nthaka yobzala ingagulidwe ku sitolo. Mitengo yokonzedwa kuti ikhale yokongoletsera nyumba iyenera kusankhidwa. Ayenera kukhala achonde, osasunthika, ndi chinyezi chabwino komanso mpweya wabwino, kulowerera ndale kapena pang'ono zamchere pH. Komanso gawo la nthaka limatha kukonzekera ndi manja anu kunyumba.

Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusakaniza tsamba la masamba ndi humus ndi mchenga, zomwe zimawonjezera vermiculite kapena perlite. Kusakaniza, kokonzedwa ndi yekha, kuyenera kutetezedwa mwadzidzidzi. Pachifukwachi, wophika, wokalamba pamoto, mu uvuni, microwave, kapena kutsanuliridwa ndi yankho la manganese.

Phunzirani zambiri za momwe mungapititsire bwino zomera zamkati.

Kuti mupange bwino chomera, muyenera:

1. Pukutani poto ndi madzi otentha ndi kuuma bwino.
2. Ikani mpweya wosanjikiza pa kutalika kwa tank 1 / 3-1 / 4 pachitsime chonse pansi pake. Pamene ngalande ikugwiritsidwa ntchito dothi, njerwa imatha.
3. Fukuta ndi gawo lochepa la nthaka.
4. Chotsani chomera ku mphika wakale.
5. Sulani mizu kuchokera pansi.
6. Ikani malo okhwima atsopano.
7. Momwemo mugawire mizu.
8. Fukuta voids ndi nthaka, kusiya 1.5-2 masentimita kuchokera pamphepete mwa mphika.
9. Osindikizidwa pang'ono ndi mitengo ya kanjedza.
10. Ufulu kutsanulira.
11. Pambuyo pa mphindi 20, chotsani madzi owonjezera poto.

Video: kukulitsa begonias kukongoletsa ndi hardwood

Njira zoberekera

Begonia imafalitsidwa m'njira zinayi:

1. Cuttings.
2. Kusiyana kwa chitsamba.
3. Kugawa kwa pepala.
4. Mbewu.

Ndondomeko yobereketsa kwa theka lachisanu.

Cuttings

Njira yosavuta komanso yowonjezera yobereka begonias kunyumba. Pogwiritsa ntchito tsamba lalikulu labwino ndi chogwiritsira ntchito. Pambuyo kudula, mapeto a mdulidwe amachiritsidwa ndi oponderezedwa atayikidwa mpweya, kenaka n'kuyiika mu chidebe chodzaza ndi nthaka, masamba ndi mchenga. Mzuwu ukhoza kukhalanso mumadzi, omwe ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Monga required cuttings madzi. Pafupi mwezi umodzi, mizu ndi masamba aang'ono ayenera kuoneka pa cuttings. Pambuyo pake, amatha kuziika pamalo osatha.

Mbewu

Mbewu yopangira mbewu nthawi zambiri safalitsidwa. Iyi ndi njira yovuta komanso yayitali. Kawirikawiri, zimangokhala ndi akatswiri omwe akufuna kuti zisungidwe zosiyanasiyana za kholo la mbeu. Chovuta chachikulu cha njirayi ndi chakuti mbewu za duwa ndizochepa kwambiri. Iwo ndi ovuta kusonkhanitsa ndi kufesa. Musanabzala, ayenera kusinthidwa - zilowerere, zolimba, ndi zotsitsimutsa.

Mukudziwa? Mu 1988, pofuna kulemekeza ubwenzi wa Japan ndi China, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya begonia inagwedezeka, yomwe imatchedwa mtsogoleri wa chi China - kimcheniriya. Chaka chilichonse amamasula maluwa pa February 16, tsiku limene Kim Jong Il anabadwa.

Mbewu imafesedwa pamwamba pa nthaka yosakaniza tsamba, nthaka, peat ndi mchenga. Phunzirani mopepuka, kenakake osakanizidwa ndi atomizer, yokutidwa ndi galasi kapena filimuyi ndikuyiyika m'chipinda chomwe kutentha kumakhala pa 22% ... + 25 ° С. Nthaŵi zonse zimakhala zowonongeka komanso zowonongeka ngati pakufunika. Mwamsanga pamene zikumera, malo obisala achotsedwa. Mukamapanga masamba awiri, amawombera m'magawo osiyana. Mitengo yaing'ono ikadali ndi masamba 5-6 komanso mizu yolimba, imabzalidwa m'miphika yosatha.

Kugawaniza magawo

Pogawa tsamba, si mitundu yonse ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu ya begonias yomwe ingafalitsidwe, koma okhawo omwe masamba awo ali ndi mitsempha yosiyana ndipo amasindikizidwa m'munsimu.

Njira iyi imapangidwa motere:

1. Dulani tsamba lalikulu lamtundu wathanzi.
2. Dulani mzidutswa zingapo monga mawonekedwe a triangles kuti chidutswa chimodzi chikhalebe mu chidutswa chilichonse.
3. Katatu amabzalidwa m'madzi odzaza nthaka kapena mchenga.
4. Zidazo zili ndi magalasi kapena mapulasitiki.
5. Kuthamanga kumachitika tsiku ndi tsiku.

Amatha kubzalidwa mumphika pambuyo pa miyezi itatu.

Video: Kuberekanso kwa masamba okongoletsera begonia ndi magawano a masamba

Kugawa chitsamba

Mwanjira iyi, chomeracho chimafalitsidwa panthawi yopatsa. Shrub imadulidwa ndi mpeni wotetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'zigawo ziwiri kapena zitatu kuti aliyense akhale ndi miyeso yofanana. Mitengo kudula ndi woponderezedwa activated mpweya. Kenaka gawo lirilonse limabzalidwa mu mphika wina wodzazidwa ndi nthaka yosakaniza yosakaniza.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Ngati mwini wake wa maluwa akulakwitsa kapena asasamalire kupanga malo abwino kuti akule, mbewuyo ikhoza kudwala ndi matenda ndi zilombo zoopsa.

Pa matenda a begonia ambiri amaopseza:

1. Mame a Mealy. Zimayamba pamene palibe kuuluka kwa nthawi yaitali m'chipinda chimene maluŵa amakula, chifukwa cha mpweya umene umakhala ndi mpweya, komanso nthawi ya kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha ndi kutentha kwambiri. Mfundo yakuti chomeracho chili ndi kachilomboka, imatha kudziwika ndi maluwa omwe amaoneka ngati oyera. Chithandizo chiyenera kuyamba kumayambiriro koyambira matenda. Chomeracho chiyenera kukhala chodziwika ndi kukonzedwa ndi "Topaz", "Home", "Early", "Tiovit". Kuonjezerapo, mungagwiritse ntchito njira zachikhalidwe, mwachitsanzo, kupukuta soda (5 g pa madzi okwanira 1 litre).
2. Grey kuvunda. Ngati chinyezi chiri chapamwamba kwambiri, chimakhala chozizira, kutentha kutentha ndipo kulibe mpweya wabwino, ziwalo za zomera zikhoza kuvunda. Masamba aphimbidwa ndi imvi, mizu - imvi. Chithandizo chili ndi mankhwala ndi "Teldor", "Switche EDC", "Horus EDC". Pofuna kupopera mankhwala mankhwalawa "Somazol", "Topsin-M".

Begonias akhoza kumenyana ndi tizilombo ngati izi:

1. Aphid Dziwani kupezeka kwa tizilomboti tikhoza kukhala pansi pa masamba. Ichi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amamwa timadziti kuchokera ku chomera ndipo amachititsa chikasu cha masamba, kupukuta ndi kugwa. Ndi matenda aang'ono, aphid amawonongeka potipaka ndi madzi sosa. Ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tawonetsa chomeracho, amachizidwa ndi "Akarin", "Inta-Vir", "Fufanon", "Fitoverm", "Aktara".
2. Kangaude mite Zimakhazikika pa zomera zomwe zimakula mumkhalidwe wochepa chinyezi ndi kuzizira. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo tofiira kapena akuda. M'kati mwa moyo umasiya intaneti pa masamba, mapesi ndi mphukira. Pofuna kutulutsa nkhupakupa, m'pofunikira kuonjezera mvula yambiri ndi kupanga Appolo, Borneo, Flumate mankhwala.
3. Shchitovka ndi chishango chonyenga. Kumwa madzi kumaluwa. Maonekedwewo amasonyeza mapangidwe a bulauni pamawanga. Sungani chomeracho popukuta sopo (kusakaniza sopo madzi (15 g), kumwa mowa (10 ml), madzi (1 l)), kupopera mankhwala "Aktellik", "Phosbecid", "Aktar".
4. Nematode. Begonia imakhudza mitundu yambiri ya imatodes yomwe imawononga masamba, zimayambira ndi mizu. Kuchiza chomera ku tizilombo ichi n'zosatheka. Mukapezeka, duwa liyenera kutayidwa pamodzi ndi nthaka ndi mphika.

Ubwino wa zokongoletsera ndi leafy begonia m'nyumbayi ndi kukongoletsa kwa masamba, kusamalidwa ndi kubereka, kusamalanso kupanga wapadera microclimate. Maluwawa amatha kukongoletsa mkati, kumalimbikitsa chitetezo mu chipinda ndikuyeretsa mpweya kuchokera ku zinthu zoipa.