Mafuta a basamu: kufotokoza ndi zobisika zobzala ndi kusamalira chomera

Anthu amamutcha kuti touchy. Mu zikhalidwe za chikhalidwe floriculture ferrous basamu cholinga cha kulima m'munda.

Kodi maluwa awa ndi chiyani? Kodi ndingabweretse kuti ndikuti ndifike pati? Kodi mungasamalire bwanji chomera? Kodi ndi zinthu zotani zomwe zimapatsa balsamu?

Izi ndi zina zambiri zidzakambidwa m'nkhaniyi. Choncho, ngati mukufuna chidwi chomera ichi, onetsetsani kuti mukuwerenga izi. Limafotokozanso momwe tizirombo ndi matenda zimakhudzidwira ndi basamu ndi momwe tingachitire nazo.

Malongosoledwe a botaniki ndi mbiriyakale

Osaleza mtima amatanthauza chaka. Mutseni iye:

• mafuta
• choda;
• zowutsa;
• olimba kwambiri.

Maluwa amakula mpaka mamita awiri. Masamba a mazira-lanceolate okhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 6 mpaka 12 akhala akukwera m'mphepete mwake. Kumtunda kwa tsinde, amasonkhanitsidwa kukhala omenyedwa a zidutswa zitatu. Pamunsi mwa tsambali pali mitundu iwiri yofiira ya mdima wofiira. Muzu wa basamu ndi wosasangalatsa.

Zimakhala zazikulu, 3-3.5 masentimita kutalika maluwa zimakhala pa peduncles yaitali. Mtundu wawo nthawi zambiri imakhala wofiira, koma ndi pinki ndi yoyera. Chipatsocho ndi bokosi lakuthwa, obovate pamwamba, momwe ali ndi mbewu zazing'ono zakuda.

Mabala a basamu am'mudzi ndi Himalaya. Maluwawo anawonekera ngati chomera chokongola m'zaka za m'ma 1900. Amakondwera kukula m'malo ouma amdima, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mitsinje.

Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka ku Asia ndi Africa, mitundu ina - Europe ndi America.

Kufotokozera maonekedwe ndi zinthu

Mafuta a basamu m'munda wamtengo wapatali wamaluwa ake okongola. Chomeracho chimakhala chokongola kwambiri chifukwa chakuti lalikulu kwambiri inflorescences amasonkhanitsidwa mu kukongoletsa maburashi. Maluwa amamva fungo losasuntha. Pa fungo ili tizilombo tambiri timawuluka, zomwe zimawombera mungu. Potero, basamu amadzimadzi amatanthauza uchi.

Maluwa a mwala wokuthandizira amakhala ndi chidwi chodziwika bwino, chomwe chimakhala kuti chimaphuka, madontho a madzi okometsera amawonekera kumbuyo kwa masamba. Zimatuluka m'madzi kuti zizipanga shuga. Zimakopa nyerere.

Mafuta a basamu ndi aakulu kwambiri pa banja la basamu. Chomera sichimangidwe kuti m'nyumba floriculture. Maluwa amamera kuyambira July mpaka kufika nyengo yoyamba yozizira.

Ankatchedwa wovuta chifukwa cha njira yake yofalitsira mbewu. Chipatsochi chimakhala ngati yowutsa mudyo pakubwera kwake pakubwera kosayembekezereka. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, masamba amatha kusunthira mkati, ndipo mbewu zimafalikira kumbali zonse.

Izi zimachitika chifukwa minofu yamkati yamakono imakula ndikulitsa chipolopolo chakunja. Chigoba sichikhoza kulimbana ndi kupanikizika kwakukulu, nthawi zina chimadwala ngakhale kukhudza khungu ndipo chimasokoneza tsamba la bokosilo.

Bereamine yachitsulo ikhoza kukongoletsedwa:

• mabedi a maluwa;
• rabatki;
• zitha.

Kodi ndikuti ndingabzala bwanji msipu?

Kuti chomera chokongola ichi chikule bwino ndikukondweretsani ndi maluwa anu, muyenera kusankha malo abwino kwa iwo ndipo musaiwale kusamalira.

Kuunikira ndi malo

Bhalaamu yachitsulo ndi chomera cha thermophilic, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwiritsidwa ntchito mmapangidwe ka malo. Silibwino ngati kukongola kwa kasupe.

Ndikofunikira! Mukamabzala nkhumba zingapo, ndibwino kuti zomera zikhale kutalika kwa masentimita 25. Chowonadi ndi chakuti maluwa akuluakulu amakhala aakulu kwambiri.

Chomeracho chimafuna kuunikira bwino, kuwala kosiyana. Zimamuvulaza:

1. dzuwa;
2. zojambula;
3. mphepo

Kuti duwa likhale bwino ndikukula limakhala ndi malo ambiri, silolekerera kuchuluka kwake. Ngati zomera zambiri zimabzalidwa pamalo amodzi, ndiye kuti zakudya zomwe zili m'nthaka sizikwanira aliyense. Pamene thickening landings basamu adzakhala pansi, komanso zimatha kuyimitsa maluwa ake.

Zosowa za nthaka

Mafuta a basamu amakula bwino m'nthaka:

• kumasuka;
• chowoneka pang'ono;
• kupuma.

Mukhoza kupanga gawo lapansili lakumunda mwa kusakaniza:

• chiwonongeko;
• perlite;
• mchenga pakatikati.

Maluwawo sakhala ndi mizu yayitali komanso sizitali kwambiri, choncho mphika wosazama umayenderana nawo.

Kodi mungasamalire bwanji?

Ngakhale kuti chinyezi si chofunikira kwambiri pa kukula kwa mafuta a basamu, pambuyo pake, ndi mpweya wouma kwambiri, masamba ake otsika amayamba kugwa. Maluwa awa akusowa madzi ambiri. Komabe, m'nyengo yozizira, mowonjezera, imatha kuvunda.

Pa nyengo yokula, maluwa amafunikira zakudyaomwe amabwera kwa iye pamene fetereza feteleza. Kukhudza kumayenera kukhala ndi feteleza 1 nthawi mu masiku khumi. Panthawi imeneyo, pamene masambawo adzapangidwe ndipo panthawi ya mchere wa nayitrogeni feteleza sangagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndikofunikira kudyetsa iwo ndi phosphorous-potaziyamu feteleza. Kuchokera m'dzinja kukafika kumapeto kwa balsamine fermentation sikofunikira, ndipo simukusowa kudyetsa maluwa atsopano opatsirana ndi odwala.

Bhalaamu yachinyontho yokhala ndi phokoso yambiri imatunga mphika panthawi yochepa, choncho imafalikira kangapo pachaka. Kuwaza sikuyenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga, mizu iyenera kuuma.

Kuchepetsa maonekedwe a duwa kumathandiza kudulira. Ndondomekoyi imachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo. M'pofunika kudula nthambi zambiri. Izi sizinapangidwe nthawi yomweyo, koma pang'onopang'ono. Kuti chitsamba chikhale cholimba, chitsani pamwamba pa mphukira.

Ngati ndi kotheka, balsamu yachitsulo imaloledwa kubwereza ngakhale ikamasula.

Matenda wamba ndi tizirombo

Mafuta a basamu, vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa kunja. Maluwawo adzafa ngakhale pazing'ono za chisanu ndi kutentha pansipa +5 ° C. Mbewu si inshuwalansi pa matenda ngati awa:

• chithunzi;
• imvi zowola;
• masamba amkuwa;
• powdery mildew.

Palinso tizirombo zomwe ziri zoopsa pa basamu, izi ndi izi:

• aphid;
• kangaude;
• whitefly.

N'zotheka kuwachotsa mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Zinthu zoberekera

Kufalikira kwa basamu yachitsulo ndi njira yosavuta.. Ndondomeko ikhoza kupangidwa ndi cuttings ndi mbewu. Masika kapena autumn, cuttings omwe amafesedwa mwachindunji pansi ayenera kudulidwa kuchokera ku chomera chabwino cha munthu wamkulu. Maluwawo amazika mizu.

Ndi njira iyi yofalitsa, alimi omwe ali ndi chidziwitso akulangizidwa kuti azidzala zipatso zingapo mumphika umodzi. Chifukwa cha phwando losavuta limeneli, duwa lidzakhala lokongola komanso lokongola.

Pakukula kwawo ndi kukula potsitsa chitsamba, mukhoza kupereka mawonekedwe oyenera. Pakati pa kukula nyengo ndondomekoyi imachitidwa 2-3 nthawi. M'tchire achoke mphukira zamphamvu ndi maluwa kuchuluka kwa zidutswa 3-4, ndipo ena onse adulidwe.

Njira yobereketsera mbewu imayamba mu January:

1. Ndikofunika kukonzekera chidebe chomwe chimatsanulira nthaka, yomwe ikuphatikizapo: 1 gawo la tsamba ndi nthaka ya humus, 0.5 mchenga.
2. Mbewu imafesedwa pamwamba ndikusakanizidwa pang'ono ndi nthaka. Kenaka chophimbacho chiyenera kutsekedwa ndi filimu yowonekera ndikuyika malo otentha.
3. Pambuyo kambewu kamera, kuunika kwina kuyenera kukonzedwa.
4. Kuthirira mbewu zimayenera kukhazikika nthawi zonse, simungathe kutsanulira nthaka, komanso kuti muteteze.

Balsamu wamtengo wapatali ndi chomera chodzichepetsa. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala wotchuka kwambiri. Maluwa wamaluwa ndi okonza mapulaneti amawakonda kuti iwo amawoneka bwino mu zomangira limodzi ndi zomodzi.

Mmodzi wa oyimilira okondweretsa a chiwerengero chachikulu cha banja la Balsam ndi