Kodi ndi malo ati omwe akufunikira begonias, komwe mungapezeko, momwe mungakonzekere nthaka?

Chikhalidwe chofunikira kuti kulima kulikonse kwa zomera zamkati ndilo kusankha bwino kwa nthaka yomwe idzakula ndikukula.

Mukhoza kukonzekera zosakaniza zadothi kuti mukhale ndi begonias, kapena mutha kugula gawo lapadera lokonzedwa pansi.

Kodi muyenera kuganizira chiyani mukasankha zigawo zogwirizana? Kodi mungaphike bwanji? Kodi ndi bwino kugula mankhwala omwe watsirizidwa kapena ndi bwino kudziphika?

Ndi makampani ati omwe ayenera kumvetsera? Mafunso awa ndi ena mudzapeza yankho m'nkhani ino pa kusankha dothi loyamba.

Ndikofunika bwanji?

Dziko lapansi limasakaniza ndi malo ozala mbewu.Choncho, ziyenera kukwaniritsa zosowa zake zonse. Maluwa onse amafunika kukhala ndi nthaka, malinga ndi momwe zimakhalira ndikukula. Mu nthaka yokha yomwe ili ndi zinthu zonse zopindulitsa, mapangidwe abwino a mizu yolimba yomwe imadyetsa zomera zonse n'zotheka. Posankha dothi, nkofunika kumvetsera zisonyezo za acidity, kuzigwirizanitsa ndi ziwerengero zofunika ku begonia.

Maphikidwe ophikira dzikoli amasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa begonia: kwa maluwa, mfumu, tuberous ndi root begonias, magawo osiyana ndi okonzedwa ndi kuwonjezera ndendende mankhwala omwe amafunika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zina zimayambitsa maluwa komanso nthawi yaitali maluwa, pamene ena amachititsa kukula kwa maluwa okongola.

Ngati mutasankha dothi lolakwika, mukhoza kusokoneza kukula kwa maluwa omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino komanso kuchepetsa makhalidwe okongoletsera a zomera. Pachifukwachi, nthaka yopangidwa ndi mitundu ya maluwa sidzakhala yoyenera kukongoletsa leafy begonias.

Kodi ndi malo ati omwe akufunikira?

Begonia ili ndi mizu yofooka., yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi chinyezi chochuluka cha nthaka. Chomeracho chimamveka bwino mu nthaka yotayika yopindula ndi zakudya. Nthaka iyenera kukhala mpweya ndi madzi okonzeka. PH yabwino kwambiri ndi 6.1 mpaka 7.5.

Mukadzipanga nokha gawolo liyenera kukumbukira kuti pamtunda sayenera kukhala tanins, omwe ali mumsana ndi mitengo ya thundu. Dothi lolimba siloyenera kukula kwa begonias.

Onetsetsani kuti mugwiritsire ntchito ngalande, yomwe imayikidwa pansi pa mphika musanayike nthaka.

Kulongosola kolondola

Nthawi zambiri wamaluwa amaluso amakonza malo awo., kulingalira zosowa zonse za begonias. Ngakhale kuti maphikidwe okonzekera dothi la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ofanana, pafupifupi mndandanda wa zosakaniza zili ndi nthaka yowopsya, yosakaniza ndi peat.

Zowonjezerapo, monga perlite, vermiculite ndi mchenga wa mtsinje zidzakuthandizani kuti nthaka iwonetseke. Nthaka imakhala malo achinyontho komanso opuma bwino omwe amachititsa mchere wa sphagnum ndi makononati. Sungani mlingo wa acidity mwa kuwonjezera humus, peat ndi mandimu.

Kwa kumera kwa begonia tubers, nthaka imakonzedwa kuchokera ku ofanana mbali za sphagnum moss, tsamba lapansi ndi perlite. Kuti muzuke cuttings wa chomera pa kudula, iwo amasakaniza mtsinje mchenga ndi wosweka peat. Royal Begonia ikukula bwino mu earthy mixyomwe ili ndi gawo limodzi la nthaka, magawo awiri a nthaka yofiira, magawo awiri a peat ndi mofanana ndi humus.

Kulima tuberous begonia kukonzekera gawo lapansi la nthaka, masamba a mchenga komanso gawo limodzi la nthaka. Begonia yoyamba imakula bwino mu peat, tsamba la masamba, humus ndi mchenga wothira mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 2: 1: 1.

Zosankha ku masitolo

Kugula nthaka kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta, chifukwa simukuyenera kuyesetsa mwakhama kuti mupeze zinthu zomwe mungakonzekere.

Makamaka gawo la sitolo lili ndi pansi peat losakaniza ndi zowonjezera mchere. Nthakayi ili yoyenera kubzala zomera zambiri, koma ntchito yake imatanthauza kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa ulimi wothirira, chifukwa chinyezi chimachokera ku peat yambiri mofulumira.

Mavitamini onse amatsuka mosavuta komanso osambitsidwa msanga pansi, choncho begonia ikukula mu nthaka yogula imafuna kuvala kawirikawiri.

Ndi zophweka kusankha gawo loyenera m'sitolo: pa phukusi mu zilembo zazikulu zidzasonyezedwa kuti ndi zoyenera kuti zikhale zovuta.

• Zowonjezera magawo ochokera kwa kampani "Munda wa Zozizwitsa". Nthaka imakhala ndi peat yapamwamba yokhala ndi mchenga wa mtsinje ndi agroperlite. Biohumus ndi mchere feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zakudya zowonjezera. Pakanyamula makilogalamu 2.5 ayenera kulipira ruble 30.
• Tsimikizirani "Dziko la Dothi" imapanga dothi lokhala ndi mapeyala apamwamba ndi otsika, choko, ufa wa dolomite, mchenga ndi vermiculite.
• Kampani "Ulemu" amagulitsa magawo a begonias ndi feteleza ovuta otchedwa "Sapropel", omwe ali ndi peat, utuchi, mchenga wa mtsinje ndi zowonjezera zamoyo.
• Dothi lopangidwa ndi kampani "Vermion"zopangidwa ndi peat, miyala ndi biohumus. Phukusi limodzi lokhala ndi malita awiri a nthaka limadya pafupifupi makombo 27.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa dothi lodzipangira

Kukonzekera dothi kunyumba sikovuta, makamaka ngati kuli nkhalango kapena munda pafupi. Nthaka yosasakanikirana ili ndi ubwino wake ndi ubwino wake.

Ubwino:

• akhoza kukonzekera nthaka, kukwaniritsa zofunikira za begonias;
• kudzikonzekera kumatsimikizira kufunika kwa zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito;
• mwayi wosunga bajeti ya banja.

Kuipa:

• nthaka kuchokera m'nkhalango ikhoza kukhala ndi namsongole, tizirombo, mphutsi ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti matenda akule;
• Kutaya nthawi kusonkhanitsa zigawo.

Gawo ndi siteji malangizo opangira chisakanizo kunyumba

Choyamba muyenera kusonkhanitsa zigawo zonse za dziko lapansi zamtsogolo.

1. Malo osungirako nkhono amatengedwa m'nkhalango, m'mapaki kapena pansi pa mtengo waukulu, kusamalira mitengo yambiri (kupewa mafirimu ndi mitengo ikuluikulu). Pofuna kukolola nthaka, malo ounikiridwa pansi pa mtengo amasankhidwa, kuchokera pamwamba pake masamba omwe agwera m'masamba akale amachotsedwa.
2. Malo osanjikizidwa a dziko lapansi amasonkhanitsidwa mu chidebe.
3. Malo a Sod amatengedwa kuchokera kumapiri ndi ma glades, omwe ali patali kwambiri ndi mafakitale. Malo oterewa amatchedwa "mole", choncho njira yabwino ndiyo kukolola nthaka mwachindunji kuchokera ku nkhuku ya nyama. Ngati khomo la mole silingathe kupezeka, nthaka imasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pamalo okongola, odzaza ndi udzu wochepa, kuchotsa mpweya wosanjikiza mu masentimita khumi ndi asanu.
4. Kompositi kapena humus imalowetsedwa ndi nthaka ya mchere kuchokera kumunda kapena yokonzeka yokha, kukumbukira kuti humus imapangitsa nthaka kukhala yowonjezereka komanso imakhala ndi zakudya zambiri.
   Ndikofunikira! Dziko lokusonkhanitsa liyenera kudutsa mu sieve kuti lichotse zidutswa zazikulu ndi tizirombo.
5. Pamene zonse zikusonkhanitsidwa, pitirizani kusakaniza, kuyeza kuchuluka kwa chigawo chilichonse.
6. Chotsitsa cha nthaka chimasakanizidwa bwino mu chidebe chachikulu.

Kukonzekera kukonzekera nthaka kuti mubzala maluwa

Kusonkhanitsa m'nkhalango, kumunda kapena kumalo odyetserako ziweto kumayenera kukonzedwa.kuchotseratu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikupha tizilombo tomwe timagwidwa m'nthaka. Pamodzi ndi dziko lapansi mukhoza kutenga ndi nyongolotsi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timayamba kudya pamtunda. Mitengo yokonzedweratu ya nthaka yomwe idagulidwa mu sitolo ikulimbikitsidwanso kuti ikhale ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tisawononge dziko lonse. Pali njira zingapo zowonongeka:

• Kuwotcha mu uvuni pa kutentha kwa madigiri zana. Nthaka imafalikira pa pepala lophika ndi wosanjikiza la masentimita asanu, uvuni umatenthedwa, kenako pepala lophika limayikidwa kwa maminiti makumi atatu.
• Kusungunuka mufiriji. Nthaka imakulungidwa mu thumba la chikwama ndipo imayikidwa mu firiji masiku asanu, kenako imabwereranso ku malo otentha kwa sabata. Izi zimachitidwa kuti "awutse" mazira a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuzizira kumabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza mwa kuika pansi mufiriji kachiwiri.
• Kutentha mu microwave.
• Kuthetsa madzi otentha.
• Kutenthetsa m'madzi osamba kwa maola awiri ndi theka. Amaika chidebe cha madzi pamoto, pamwamba pake pamakhala kabati. Pa galasiyi mutayika pansi, atakulungidwa mu nsalu.

Nthaka yotetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imafunika kutsekedwa.pambuyo pake mutha kuyamba bwino kugwiritsa ntchito dzikolo. Mitsuko iyenera kutsanulira pansi pa mphika kuti zisawononge chinyezi ndi mizu zowola. Gawo la gawo lokonzekera laikidwa pamwamba pa ngalande, kenako amayamba kubzala begonias.

Mitengo yofooka ya maluwa imayenera kuchitidwa mwaluso, kotero ndikofunikira kusankha malo abwino kwambiri a nthaka omwe amamera bwino ndi kusangalatsa ndi maluwa kapena masamba okongoletsera.