Mitengo ya abakha omwe anali ndi tuft anawonekera m'mayiko a ku Ulaya zaka 300 zapitazo. Iwo anali chifukwa cha kuwoloka kwa ziweto zapanyumba zakomweko ndi abakha omwe ankaitanitsa ku China. Mbalame zowonongeka zimawoneka zokongoletsa kwambiri chifukwa cha kukhalapo kokongola kwambiri pamutu pawo. Ganizirani mtundu wa nkhuku yokongoletsera ndikuwona momwe mungasamalirire.
Zomwe zimakhala ndi abakha owakhazikika
Mbali yaikulu ya abakha odyetserako ziweto ndiwo kukhalapo kwa jini lomwe linapangidwa, limene analandira kuchokera kwa makolo achilendo. Gululi liri ndi katundu wambiri; choncho, magazi amafunika kuti azisunga mtunduwu. 
Komabe, ngakhale pokhapokha pakati paokha, sikuti ming'oma onse amapezeka ndi thumba kapena sikunakwaniridwe mokwanira. Kusankhidwa kwa mbalame zokongolazi si kophweka ndipo makolo ayenera kusankhidwa mosamala.
Ngakhalenso abakha ankakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka ana a nkhuku, choncho amakhala nkhuku zosauka komanso zolimba, koma zokolola zawo ndizochepa. Koma mungathe kupulumutsa pa chakudya, makamaka abakhawo akuwaza madzi.
Mukudziwa? Bakha mazira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ma mayonesi, sauces, mabisiketi, yolk kuikidwa mu zokometsera Zakudya. Ali ndi fungo lapadera komanso kukoma, mafuta oposa nkhuku. Asanagwiritse ntchito, ayenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi sopo.
Mitundu ya Ducks Crested
Tsopano mu famu akhoza kubweretsa mitundu yambiri ya abakha owombera. Mbalame zonse zowonongeka zimapezeka mu zojambula kapena m'minda ya mbalamezi. Popeza mbalame zili ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri, sizili bwino kwambiri. 
Amapezeka pamapulasitiki omwe amadziwika bwino poswana.
Bashkir Crested Hoover
Kuphatikizira pamutu pamutu, mzerewu umaphatikizapo thupi lamphamvu komanso chifuwa chozungulira.
Mudzakhalanso ndi chidwi chophunzira za zenizeni za kusungidwa kwa abakha monga Hungarian, Swan Swan, Ogar, Grey Ukraine, Indian Runner, Cayuga, Barn, Bashkir, Gogol, Blue Favorite, Mulard.
Kuwonekera kwa Bashkir crested hen kumaphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi:
- khosi lalifupi lalifupi;
- pang'ono concave mlomo;
- mapiko amphamvu amagwirizana ndi thupi;
- miyendo yayitali;
- Mtundu wa nthengawu ukhoza kukhala woyera, wofiira, wofiirira, wakuda-bulauni ndi waimvi.
Makhalidwe abwino:
- Amuna akulemera makilogalamu awiri;
- kulemera kwa akazi pafupi - 2 kg;
- Kawiri kawiri dzira limapanga mazira pafupifupi 60, koma pali abakha omwe amakhala ndi mazira 120 pachaka;
Mu mtundu uwu, nyama ndi kukoma kwabwino si mafuta, popanda bakha kununkhiza. Bashkir yokhala ndi nkhuku imayendetsedwa bwino ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana komanso modzichepetsa.
Ku Russia
Mzere wamtunduwu umaphatikizanso kukhalapo kwa thuffy, yomwe ili pafupi kumutu. Mabakhawa ali ndi sing'anga champhamvu yokhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu komanso chimbudzi chachikulu, popanda khola. 
Mitundu Yachibwibwi Yachi Russia ili ndi maonekedwe awa:
- mvula yandiweyani;
- mtunduwo ukhoza kukhala wa mtundu wosiyana, koma tuft idzakhala yowala kwambiri kuposa mtundu wonse wa thupi;
- Miyendo ya bakha imakhala ndi nthenga;
- Tabu ting'onoting'onoting'ono tajambulidwa mu tani lalanje.
Makhalidwe abwino a mtunduwu:
- zidakwa zimalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 2.5;
- abakha amafika polemera 2 kg;
- Kuwotcha mazira ndi mazira 50 pachaka;
- mazira olemera 60 g
Mbalamezi ndizosafuna kudya komanso zinthu zakusungirako, zitha kukhala popanda gombe. Iwo ndi amzanga komanso amtundu.
Chiyukireniya chopangidwa
Iye ali ndi muyezo wa mtundu wa tchire, koma mtundu ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi mbalame zokhazokha za abakha. 
Zizindikiro za kunja ndi izi:
- khosi lopindika ndi choyera chozungulira;
- wandiweyani mawanga variegated mitundu. zofanana ndi mtundu wa mallard;
- miyendo yayandikira;
- malamulo akuluakulu ndi kulemera kuposa ena khukhlatok.
Makhalidwe abwino a mtunduwu:
- Amuna amafika pamtunda wa makilogalamu 3.5;
- akazi amalemera mpaka 3 makilogalamu;
- dzira kupanga mazira 80 pachaka;
- Kulemera kwa dzira ndi pafupifupi 70 g.
Kukolola kwa abakhawa okonzedwewa ndi kotsika kwambiri kuposa nkhuku zina. Mbalamezi zimakhala zowonongeka kwambiri ndipo nyama yawo ndi yochuluka kwambiri, komanso imakhala yokoma. Iwo amatha kuwuluka, choncho ayenera kudula mapiko.
Mukasamalira abakha kunyumba, zidzakuthandizani kuphunzira kudula mapiko a bakha, kupanga chisa ndi kukakhetsa abakha, momwe mungapangire chakudya chodyera ndi abakha kwa abakha ndi manja anu, momwe mungakonzekere chakudya chodyera kwa abakha anu ndi manja anu.
Kutsekedwa kumdima
Amapezeka kuthengo pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Eurasia. Chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake okongola, nthawi zambiri amasudzulana kuti azikongoletsa mabwawa ndi nyanja m'mapaki. 
Zomwe zili kunja kwa nyama izi zimaphatikizapo izi:
- Thupi laling'onoting'ono loyera lakuda ndi mawanga oyera pambali ndi pansi;
- kumbuyo ndi mapiko kakang'ono kakang'ono ka mtundu woyera;
- pa mapiko apo pali galasi loyera-lopaka wakuda;
- mutu wawung'ono kumbuyo kwa mutu uli ndi thumba lopachika;
- Mlomowo ndi mtundu wofiira wa pinki ndi kumapeto kwa mdima;
- mapazi a kutsogolo wakuda;
- maso achikasu;
- kutalika kwazitali ndi 40-47 cm;
- Mapiko a mapiko 65-72 cm.
Ma drake pa khosi la khosi amakhala ndi nthenga zowonjezereka, ndipo zazikazi zimakhala ndi mabala ofiira owala kwambiri.
Makhalidwe othandiza:
- kulemera kwa 0.5-0.7 makilogalamu;
- mazira 20-27 mazira pachaka;
- mazira ndi obiriwira ndipo amalemera pafupifupi 56 g;
- nyama ndi kukoma kwake;
- khungu ndi loyenera la ubweya, khalidwe labwino kwambiri.
Azimayi ndi achikondi kwambiri. Kukula msinkhu kumachitika chaka chimodzi atabadwa, nthawi zina patapita zaka ziwiri. Makhalidwe abwino ndi omwe ali otsika kwambiri pakati pa mikango yowonongeka - iwo amaphatikizidwa makamaka kuti azikongoletsera; kukhalapo kwa gombe ndilololedwa.Mukudziwa? Chisa cha bakha wambiri chimamanga kuchokera ku udzu ndipo chimakhala ndi nthenga, zomwe zimachokera kumimba. Mbalameyi imayenda mozama mpaka mamita 3-4, koma pamtunda imayenda mozungulira.
Dutski Zotsamba: Malangizo othandizira kusunga ndi kukula
Mu chisamaliro ndi kukonza kwa tuft ndi undemanding. Chikhalidwe chachikulu ndi kukhalapo kwa gombe pafupi. Maulendo omasuka kwa abakha ndi njira yokonzedwerako, imakupatsani kusunga chakudya cha 40%.
Mbalamezi zimakonda kukwera m'madzi, ndipo zomera ndi nyama zazing'ono zimakhala zabwino kuti adye. Amayi omwe ali pamlanduwu akhoza kusunga chakudya pa abakha. Pamene mulibe ufulu mu malo ogulitsira muyenera kudandaula za malo ogona, kumene angakhalepo nyengo yoipa.
Ngakhale mtsinjewo, dziwe kapena nyanja siyandikira, sizidzakhudza thanzi labwino ndi mbalame zakuda. Zingatheke kusungidwa pakhomo lotseguka, koma zingakhale zomveka kumanga dziwe laling'ono kapena dziwe losambira komwe abakha amatsuka ndi nthenga zabwino. 
Chakudya, abakha odyetsedwa sali ochepa, zakudya zotsatirazi ndizoyenera kwa iwo:
- masamba amadyera;
- udzu, algae ndi zina zotero;
- Mbeu zonse (tirigu, oats, balere, chimanga, etc.). Zimathandizanso kupereka tirigu, oats mu mawonekedwe ophulika;
- phala losakaniza
- silage, zitsamba zosiyanasiyana mu mawonekedwe owuma;
- chakudya cha fakitale;
- masamba owiritsa;
- zipatso;
- chosokoneza chakudya;
- wosweka choko ndi zipolopolo.
Pamene mukukula abakha odyetsedwa, chisankho chiyenera kuchitika nthawi zonse, kotero kuti mtunduwo sungatayike chifukwa chake - kukhalapo kwa thumba labwino. Popeza kuti jini la kukhalapo kwa tuft ndilokuphatikizapo, kubereka ndiyenera kuzisiya anthu kukhalapo kwa khalidweli mibadwo yambiri.
Sizingakhale zopanda phindu kupeza zokolola zobereketsa zofiira kuchokera kumbali kuti kulimbitsa mtundu. 
Mabakha akhoza kubzalidwa zonse mwachibadwa ndi makulitsidwe ndi chofungatira. Pansi pa bakha mmodzi mukhoza kuika 12-15 malingana ndi nyengo ndipo, motero, nyengo yozungulira.
Kuti mugwirizane ndi ducklings, muyenera kukonzekera zisa za udzu wouma ndi udzu, ndi kuwaza pansi ndi utuchi. Nkhuku zimawonekera masiku 27 mutayika mazira. Kuti bakha lisamavulaze mwanayo mwangozi, amagawidwa mu bokosi lapadera kapena bokosi la makatoni.
Ndikofunikira! An incubator akulimbikitsidwa kuti abereke ducklings. Bakha mazira akhoza kuponyedwa pansi pa mbalame ina - nkhuku kapena Turkey. Mbalamezi zidzatengera ma tebulo awo, koma abakha sangawononge mazira a anthu ena.
Poyamba, perekani ulamuliro wa kutentha wa madigiri 30. Pambuyo pa makanda onse, amawaperekanso kwa abambo. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti adatenga zonsezi kwa iye, monga masiku oyambirira ana a nkhumba amafunikira kutentha. 
Kuwala kwayamba kumakhala pa maola pafupifupi 20, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amachepetsedwa kwa maola 12 pamapiko a masiku 30 akale. Mabakha amaloledwa kuyenda ndi bakha kale pa masiku asanu m'mawa ndi madzulo. Madzulo amasiyidwa m'nyumba.
Pakadutsa masiku 21, makanda amatha kutuluka panja tsiku lonse, ndipo amatha kumasulidwa ndi mayi ku dziwe. Pendani modzidzimutsa madziwo, angangotha mwezi umodzi okha. Ngati mukufuna, ducklings akhoza kuikidwa muzitseko kwa masiku 14 oyambirira.
Kuti mukhale ndi zakudya zabwino, ndi zofunika kupanga ndondomeko ndikudyetsa maola ena:
- Masiku asanu ndi awiri oyambirira, nkhono zimadyetsedwa 6-8 pa tsiku, kuyambira m'mawa ndi kutha madzulo. Choyamba, perekani mazira owophika, mafuta ochepa kwambiri a tchizi, chakudya chapadera, ndi masiku asanu, perekani phala, kuphatikizapo kuwonjezera chimanga ndi tirigu.
- Pambuyo pa sabata la moyo, amadyera amawonjezedwa ku chakudya. Mu masiku asanu ndi awiri, bakha ayenera kudya pafupifupi magalamu 40 a chakudya.
- Pang'onopang'ono, mazira ophika ndi lactic acid amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mbewu za tirigu ndi chakudya cha nyama, nsomba ndi nyama ndi fupa chakudya.
- Patsiku la masiku 14, mwana wamwamuna amafunikira 60 g ya chakudya. Panthawi imeneyi, zakudyazo zimakhala ndi masamba komanso tirigu.
Ana akulemera phindu mofulumira - pa masiku 21 kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 500 g, ndipo pa miyezi 1.5 - pafupifupi 1.5 makilogalamu. Mu miyezi 2.5 kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi makilogalamu 2.5 ndipo abakha akhoza kuphedwa.Ndikofunikira! Akatswiri samalimbikitsa mkate wa bakha kuti udye, chifukwa umakhudza kwambiri thupi lake.
Koma kwa nyama ndi bwino kupereka pamene nyengo yozizira imalowa, chifukwa nthawi yachisangalalo abakha alibe vuto ndi chakudya - gombe limapatsa chakudya chokwanira.
Mukasunga abakha ayenera kutsatira malamulo awa:
- chipinda chiyenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira;
- m'nyengo yozizira, kutentha sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa 5 ° C;
- pa 1 lalikulu. anthu pafupifupi 4 amanyamula mita;
- chipinda chiyenera kukhala chowala mokwanira;
- Kuwona momwe kupezeka kwa madzi abwino akumwa;
- kusunga ukhondo wa malo, odyetsa ndi akasinja amwe;
- Phala ayenera kukhala watsopano, zotsalira zakudya ayenera kutsukidwa pambuyo pa mphindi 30-40 kuti chakudya chisasokoneze ndikuyambitsa matenda a m'mimba;
- Ngati pali mbalame zambiri, akulimbikitsidwa kuti azigawa m'magulu a zidutswa 10-15, ogawidwa ndi magawo.
Chifukwa cha kudya komanso kusamala, kusungidwa kwa nkhuku sikumakhala kovuta, makamaka ngati pali malo pafupi nawo, maonekedwe awo okongoletsera amakongoletsa bwalo lililonse ndi dziwe. Iwo akulimbikitsidwa kuti azikhala nawo zonse zokongoletsera, komanso kuti apange nyama ndi mazira, koma kuswana ndi kusunga zikhalidwe zawo sikophweka.
