Kusunga gerala: chifukwa chiyani masamba amasanduka achikasu ndipo angachiritsidwe bwanji?

Gerberas ndi maluwa okongola omwe mabala ake amajambulidwa mithunzi zosiyanasiyana. Maluwa okongola amenewa adzakhazikitsa malo ozizira komanso azikongoletsa malo alionse.

Tinabwera ndi gerbera m'deralo kuchokera ku South Africa. Wasayansi Gronovius anapeza malingaliro awo. Dzina la duwa linali kulemekeza dokotala Gerber.

Kodi chomera choyenera kukula kwa nyumba ndi chifukwa chiyani masamba amasanduka achikasu ndi owuma? Tidzakambirana ndi izi m'nkhaniyi. Tidzakuuzani za mavuto omwe anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito pa gerbera ndikupereka malangizo ofotokoza momwe mungachiritse maluwa okongola.

Kodi chomera ichi n'chiyani?

Gerberas ndi zomera zosatha za herbaceous zomwe ziri za banja la Astrov. Maluwa ndi okonda kwambiri kutentha, mumlengalenga amamera m'madera omwe ali ndi nyengo yozizira. Dziko lakwawo ndi South Africa, chilumba cha Madagascar ndi ku Southeast Asia.

Kunja, gerberas amafanana ndi chamomile, koma mitundu yawo ndi yosiyana kwambiri.: kuchokera ku chitumbuwa chokongola kuti ukhale wosakhwima. Gerberas amamera nthawi zambiri m'mabotchi, nthawi zambiri - m'magulu a chipinda.

Zowonjezera kuchokera ku ndondomeko ya botanical:

1. Masambawa ndi oblongwa, amagawanika, amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira.
2. Tsinde lafupikitsidwa.
3. Inflorescence mwa mawonekedwe a madengu (omwe amaimira oimira Astrovs).
4. Njira yofalitsa ya gerbera - mbewu.
5. Nthawi ya Gerber nthawi yayitali: kuchokera miyezi 3 mpaka 4.

Kuthamangira ku matenda

Gerberas ndi zomera zosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda, koma zimatha kuwonongeka ndi mabakiteriya, matenda a tizilombo ndi tizilombo. Mmodzi mwa omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri:

• Alternaria;
• sclerotinosis;
• chithunzi;
• powdery mildew;
• mitundu yovunda;
• kugonjetsa tizirombo tchire.

Kawirikawiri, matenda a gerbera ndiwo chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera.. Kukhalitsa ndi kuyanika kwa masamba kumaphatikizapo kufota kwa masamba ndi inflorescences, maonekedwe a chipika, ndi kuwonongeka kwa mizu. Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani pa nkhaniyi?

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji matendawa?

Masamba a chikasu - chizindikiro choyamba ndi choopsa, chomwe chimasonyeza matenda osiyanasiyana. Momwe tsamba la masamba limasinthira limadalira chifukwa chenicheni (chisamaliro chosayenera, matenda, matenda ophera tizilombo).

Mawanga achikasu kapena ofiira a mawonekedwe ochepa angawoneke pakati pa tsamba. Malire a chikasu amatha kuwonanso m'mphepete mwa mapepala. Ngati chifukwacho sichitha, pang'onopang'ono chikasu chimaphimba pepala lonse. Kenaka pakubwera tsamba la masamba ndi mbali zina za zomera. Tsamba pang'onopang'ono limatulutsa (kufa).

Zifukwa zazikulu

Choyamba ndi chifukwa chachikulu - chisamaliro chosayenera kapena chosayenera. Gerberas ndi zomera zokonda kwambiri mwachibadwa., koma masiku otentha a chilimwe masamba awo amawotha dzuwa. Gerberas mu miphika mu kutentha akulimbikitsidwa kuti achotsedwe malo opanda dzuwa kapena shaded ndi nsalu.

Ndikofunikira! Kuperewera chakudya kumabweretsa chikasu cha masamba. Kuti pakhale chonde chobiriwira, feteleza zokhudzana ndi nayitrogeni zimayenera, ndipo panthawi ya maluwa otentha, gerberas amafunika kuvala pamwamba ndi potaziyamu (kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake gerberas sichikuphulika ndi malamulo a chisamaliro, werengani nkhani zathu).

Ngakhale kuti gerbera imakonda kwambiri chinyezi, sizodalitsika kuti ipopere. Mphika wokhala ndi chomera ndi wokwanira kuika mu thireyi ndi miyala yowonongeka. Masamba a Gerbera akhoza kutembenukira chikasu kuchokera ku chinyezi chokwanira. Musati muzimwa madziwo mobwerezabwereza, ndipo makamaka nthawi yamvula.

Kusiyana kwa kusamalira maluwa kunyumba ndi m'sitolo

Mkhalidwe wambiri wa gerberas m'sitolo ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi nyumba (momwe mungasamalire malo ogonera?). Izi ndi zofunika kuziganizira pa nthawi yogula mbewu.

1. Mu sitolo, zomera zimadyetsedwa ndi njira yapadera zomwe zimateteza kukula. Izi zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa chlorophyll m'mamasamba, kuwapangitsa kukhala obiriwira.
2. Gerberas atabwera kunyumba kuchokera ku sitolo, masamba awo amakhala aakulu ndipo ayamba kutembenuka. Kuti muthandize duwa pazinthu zoterezi, muyenera kum'patsa kuyatsa bwino ndi kuyendetsa kutentha.
3. Simungathe kubwezeretsa gerbera mwamsanga mutagula. Muyenera kuyembekezera masabata 2-3 ndikukhazikitsa. Izi zidzathandiza chomera kupeŵa kupanikizika, chidzasintha njirayi mopweteka kwambiri.

Zotsatira za matenda

Gerberas nthawi zambiri zimakhudza fusarium. Mu matendawa, chomeracho chimasanduka chikasu ndikugwa masamba onse, ndipo m'malo awo, spores zopweteka kwambiri zimayambitsa.

Masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndi kufota chifukwa cha chitukuko cha matenda a fungal. Mizu imayambira matendawa - mizu imayamba kuvunda. Masamba amataya elasticity, kukhala lethargic ndi kupeza mthunzi wachikasu mthunzi.

Chifukwa chotsatira ndi powdery mildew. Matendawa amawonetseredwa pa masamba omwe ali ndi mawanga oyera. Ndiponso chikasu cha tsamba lamasamba kawirikawiri ndi chizindikiro cha infestation ndi majeremusi. Zina mwa izo ndi nthata za kangaude, nsabwe za m'masamba, whiteflies.

Pambuyo pake, kanema woonera momwe gerbera imawonekera, yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew:

Malangizo ofotokoza momwe angachiritse duwa?

Pamene zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda aliwonse zimapezeka, mbali zonse zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mbeuyo ziyenera kudulidwa ndi mpeni. Ikani kudula kukonza makala kapena phulusa. Ngati njira zowonongeka zakhudza mizu - yichotseni mumphika, igwireni madzi otentha, ikani mawanga akufa ndikuwazapo ndi phulusa. Kenaka gerbera imayenera kuikidwa mu gawo latsopano la nthaka.

Njira zothandizira

Choyamba muyenera kusankha malo abwino a gerbera. Iyenera kuyamwa bwino, monga chomera chofunika. Gerbera ayenera kulandira bwino maola 12-15 pa tsiku.mwinamwake chikasu cha masamba sichingapeweke. Kuyambira mwezi wa Oktoba mpaka March, chomeracho chiyenera kuperekedwa ndi kuunikira kwina, ndipo pamasiku otentha a chilimwe ayenera kuchotsedwa pazenera sill kuti masamba asatenthe dzuwa.

Nthaka imakhudza kwambiri moyo wa gerbera. Kusintha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi yoyenera ndizo zikuluzikulu za nthaka. Amakonzedwa kuchokera kumunda, peat, utuchi ndi makungwa. Nthaka iyenera kukhala ya sing'anga acidity. Mulimonsemo simungathe kumanga ndi humus ndi kompositi.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti usasunthire mbewuyi ndikutsatira ndondomeko yothirira madzi.. Zaletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira ku ulimi wothirira. Kutentha kwapamwamba sikutsika kuposa madigiri 20. Ndikofunika kuti palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kutentha kwa madzi ndi kutentha kwa mpweya m'chipindamo. Kuti mudziwe zambiri mu malo omwe mumayenera kugwiritsa ntchito atomizer yabwino.

Choncho, kuti masamba a gerbera asasinthike, ndi okwanira kuti aone kuwala, kuyendetsa chinyezi cha nthaka ndi mpweya mu chipinda. Ngati chomeracho chikukhudzidwabe ndi matenda aliwonse, zitsulo ziyenera kutengedwa mwamsanga kuti zithetsedwe. Thandizo la panthaŵi yake lidzapulumutsa maluwa ku imfa.