Tigridia ndi wobiriwira wopanda maluwa wokhala ndi maluwa okongola. Duwa lake lidatchedwa dzina la kukongoletsa kwake pamunsi pamiyala. Chomera chodabwitsachi chikuyamba kupezeka m'minda ya dziko lathu, ngakhale chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukongola komanso kumasuka kosamalira. Mtengowo ndi wa banja la a Kasatikov. Dziko lakwawo ndi ma subtropics aku America. Kuti mudzaze mundawo ndi mitundu yatsopano ndi fungo labwino, muyenera kulabadira duwa lokongola ili.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Tigridia ndi udzu, maluwa osatha. Mpweya wakewo umakhala ngati corm wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka. Zisindikizo zosazolowereka zosapangidwa bwino zili ndi shuga komanso wowuma, kotero zaka zambiri zapitazo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya pamodzi ndi mbatata.
Kutalika kwa chomera ndi masentimita 30-70. Rosette wa masamba omwe ali ngati fan amatseguka mwachindunji kuchokera pansi. Pulasitiki wooneka ngati belu wokhala ndi matope okhala ndi utoto wonyezimira. Pakatikati pake pali tsinde losavuta kapena lopanda nthambi.
Nthawi yamaluwa imayamba mu Julayi ndipo imatha kupitilira nthawi yophukira. Duwa limakhala lotseguka kwa maola 8-10 okha masana, pambuyo pake limafota. Maluwa ataliatali amatha kupezeka m'magulu okhaokha. Aliyense peduncle amanyamula masamba angapo. Pa babu, mpaka ma peduncle 6 amapangidwa. Corolla imakhala ndi miyala itatu yayikulu yakunja ndi yaying'ono itatu. Chifukwa cha izi, duwa limakhala ngati kotetezedwa, pomwe limakhala lalikulu kwambiri. Danga la corolla limafika masentimita 8-10. M'mphepete lakunja nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi utoto wofanana ndi woyera, wachikaso, wofiyira kapena wapinki. Gawo lapakati pa duwa limaphatikizidwanso ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana.
Pambuyo kupukutira, mbewu zina zosatheka. Muli njere zingapo zamitsempha. Khungu lawo losalala ndilofiirira.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yotchuka
Pafupifupi mitundu 50 yolembedwa mu genus tigridia. Komabe, mdziko lathu mpaka pano mutha kukumana ndi ochepa okha. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi tigridia peacock. Chomera cha thermophilic chimakhala ku Mexico ndi Guatemala. Mphukira amakula 25-70 cm kutalika. Kutalika kwa corm ndi 6 masentimita ndipo m'lifupi ndi mpaka 4 cm. Nyengo, babu akale amapanga ana angapo ndikuwuma kwathunthu. Masamba ofanana a xiphoid ndiwobiriwira bwino ndipo ali ndi timizere tating'ono. Chomera chimapanga mphukira 3-5, iliyonse yomwe imanyamula maluwa osanu. Masamba amatsegulanso. Corolla yokhala ndi masentimita a 10-15 masentimita imakhala ndi miyala yofiirira kapena yofiirira. Maluwa amapezeka theka lachiwiri la chilimwe ndipo amatenga masiku 15-25. Mitundu yotchuka:
- Alba - m'munsi mwa miyala yoyera mumakhala yokutidwa ndi mawanga ofiira;
Alba - Karminea - ndondomeko yachikasu imapezeka pamitundu ya lalanje;
Carminea - Rosalind - ali ndi mawonekedwe apinki opepuka;
Rosalind - Aurea - pamakhala chikasu pamakhala madontho a carmine pamunsi.
Aurea
Tigridia ndi tubular. Zomera zimakhala kumapiri a Mexico ndipo ndizofanana kukula kwake. Mitundu yakunja ndi yozungulira ndikujambulira utoto wofiirira. Pakatikati pa duwa ndi masentimita 5-7.
Chess Tigridia. Zomera zimakonda kukongola kwa maluwa. Pamalo owala a miyala ikuluikuluyo, timabowo tating'onoting'ono timayimitsidwa.
Tigridia multiflorous. Chomera chimakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu ndi ma burgundy petals. Mithunzi yakuda imakhala pansi. Ma petals akunja amawongoka mwamphamvu kunjaku.
Kukula ndi kubzala
Kufalikira kwa tigridia kumachitika pofesa mbewu kapena kubzala ma corm. Mbewu zikulimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe pa mbande mu greenhouse kapena kunyumba. Zomera ndizovuta kwambiri kutentha pang'ono. Zomera zosakonzekereratu zimafesedwa mumsanganizo wamchenga ndipo nthawi zina zimanyowa. Mphukira zimawoneka mwamtendere mkati mwa masabata 1-3. M'mwezi wa Meyi, mbande zimabzalidwa poyera, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira, anyezi achichepere ndi okwanira kuthira ndikulimba nthawi yachisanu.
Aliyense anyezi wa amayi amapanga ana angapo pamnyengo. Mukugwa, ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira, amakumbidwa ndikumasulidwa pansi. Kwa milungu ingapo, mbewuzo zimasungidwa m'chipinda chozizira mpaka mphukira ziume. Zimasungidwa mufiriji kapena malo ena abwino. Mu nthawi yamasika, nthaka ikatentha mpaka + 20 ° C, mababu a tigridium amathanso kubzala poyera. Kuti muchite izi, kukunani mabowo okhala ndi kuya kwa masentimita khumi ndi chimodzi kuchokera pamtunda wa 15-20 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Kuti mukwaniritse maluwa oyamba, ndizotheka kuchita kutulutsa. Kuti izi zitheke, mababu amabzalidwa mumalo obiriwira ang'onoang'ono mumaphika ang'onoang'ono. Dothi limapangidwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- dziko la turf;
- peat;
- mchenga.
M'masabata oyamba, mababu amafunikira kuthirira okwanira. Mizu ikakhala ndi moyo ndikuwaphukira, mbewu zimathiridwa ngati pakufunika.
Kusankha malo aggidia
Tigridia akuchepa kwambiri posamalira, komabe, podzala malo otseguka, ndikofunikira kusankha malo ake. Duwa limakonda malo dzuwa. Ngakhale ndi mthunzi wopepuka, zimayambira zimayamba kuonda, ngakhale maluwa ochulukirapo komanso owala akupitilira.
Ndikofunika kusankha chiwembu chamundawo momwe mulibe zojambula ndi mphepo yozizira. Kuti mupewe toyesa kutalika kuti asakutse, mungafunikire thandizo kapena chovala.
Dothi la tigridia liyenera kukhala lopepuka komanso lopatsa thanzi. Madzi ndi mpweya ziyenera kulowa dothi mpaka kumizu. Phula laling'ono liyenera kuwonjezeredwa pansi dimba la maluwa. Dothi lolemera la dongo limasakanizidwa ndi utuchi, mchenga ndi miyala ing'onoing'ono. Nyengo yake ndikofunikira kumasula gawo lapansi lapansi kangapo.
Zosamalidwa
Zonse zosamalira tigridia zimatsirira kuthirira, kuphatikiza ndi kuphukira kwakanthawi. Kuti dothi lisaphwete ndipo limakhalabe lopepuka, mutabzala ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulch ndi iwo ndi tsamba humus kapena peat.
Pa kukula kwa tigridia, kuthirira pafupipafupi ndikofunikira. Pouma, dothi limanyowa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo masamba amathanso kupopera. Madzi amayenera kupatsidwa madzi okwanira kulowetsa mizu yolimba. Ndikofunika kulola madzi ochulukirapo kuti achepeze pansi;
Ngati mababu obzalidwa m'nthaka yachonde kapena yoyamba kumera manyowa, kuthira manyumwa nthawi yachilimwe sikofunikira. Pa dothi losauka, feteleza amapindula. Nthawi yoyamba yankho la mchere wa mchere umagwiritsidwa ntchito mwezi umodzi mutabzala mababu. Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba chimachitika panthawi yophukira. Ndikofunika kupopera gawo la yankho pa masamba.
Maluwa onse omwe ali pamtengowo atafota, ayenera kudulidwa. Izi zimathandizira chidwi cha chitsamba ndi kulola zipatso zazing'ono kuti zipse nyengo yachisanu ikubwera. Zomera zazitali zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zizipanga chithandizo kuti zisamagona.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Ngati mababu samasamalidwa bwino komanso kusungidwa, tigridia imatha kudwala zowola, nkhanambo, dzimbiri, kapena kachilombo ka mosaic. Popewa kukula kwa matenda, ndikofunikira kuchita njira zodzitchinjiriza zamankhwala onse ndi mankhwala antifungal. Mitundu yonse yakhudzidwa iyenera kudzipatula kwa athanzi ndikuwonongeka.
Mphukira ndi mababu a tigridia nthawi zambiri amadwala chifukwa chodana ndi ma bele, ma thrips ndi ma slgs. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzitola mababu musanabzala ndikuchita zopewera pogwiritsa ntchito tizirombo toyambitsa matenda.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Tigridia ndiwosangalatsa m'minda yamagulu, ndiye kuti maluwa atalika komanso ochulukirapo. Mutha kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tigridia kuti mupeze dimba lamaluwa osiyanasiyana. Chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chokongoletsera miyala yamwala, chosakanikirana kapena mabanki apamwamba osungira. Tigridia ndi wabwino m'dera loyandikana ndi ma conifers, komanso phlox, thyme, stonecrops ndi arabis. Koma pafupi ndi mbewu zina zowala bwino, zimataya chidwi chake.
