Malamulo oyambirira a kubzala ndi kusamalira vervaina ndi zithunzi

Verbena - chomera chimene chimakonda kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Nkhaniyi idzakhala yopindulitsa kwa amalima olima maluwa amene asankha kukongoletsa verbena maluwa ndi munda wawo chiwembu kapena khonde m'nyumba.

Mudzaphunzira momwe mungayesetsere mbande ndi nthawi yanji kuti maluwa a vervaina ayang'ane chithunzichi. Komanso m'nkhani yathu tidzakulangizani momwe mungamerere mbewu kumunda ndi kunyumba, momwe mungasamalire maluwa okongola komanso okongola a verbena.

Kodi ndi nthawi iti yobzala mbewu?

Verbena akhoza kuchulukitsa mwa kudzifesa, koma izi sizingatheke kulamulira mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Ndi bwino kugula mbewu m'masitolo apadera kapena mukhale oleza mtima ndi kusonkhanitsa nokha ndi maluwa omwe atha kale, koma pakali pano funso la kusunga zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana lidzakhala lotseguka. Kuti muchite izi, ndikwanira kuchotseratu mabokosi a mbeu ya verbena, kuwawitsani ndikugwedeza mbewuzo. Zonsezi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti asatayike mbewu zomwe sizing'ono.

Makhalidwe othandizira pobzala mbewu za verbena pa mbande ndi izi:

1. Mbeu za Verbena zimayikidwa pa nsalu yosakanizidwa kapena padon pad, yoikidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki kapena chidebe cha pulasitiki, ndiyeno nkuyikidwa mu firiji kwa masiku 4 mpaka 5. Kapena, musanafese, mbewu zimatha kuwonjezereka kwa maola angapo mu kukula ndi mizu yopanga stimulator (mwachitsanzo, Appin).
2. Konzani gawo lapansi: ayenera kukhala lotayirira, kuwala ndi kupuma. Kuti muchite izi, mukhoza kugula dothi lonse ku sitolo ndikuwonjezera mchenga ndi vermiculite. Mukhozanso kukonzekera nthaka yosakaniza: munda wa mchenga, mchenga ndi peat wothira mofanana. Sizingakhale zodabwitsa kuti nthaka ikhale ndi fungicide kapena njira yamatenthedwe.
3. Konzani chidebe chofesa mbewu. Tangi ayenera kukhala ndi mabowo.
4. Pansi pa chidebecho mwadzaza ndi dongo lokulitsidwa, kenako anakonza nthaka.
5. Mbande yapansi musanayese kufesa ayenera kukhala wothira bwino ndi utsi.
6. Mbeu zogwiritsidwa bwino zimagawanika bwino pamwamba pa nthaka. Osati kuwaza iwo ndi dziko lapansi!
7. Mbali yapamwamba ya gawo lapansi imatsitsidwanso.
8. Mphamvu imatsekedwa ndi filimu kapena galasi kuti apange kutentha kwake.
9. Tara amasamutsidwa ku malo otentha komanso otentha (osachepera + 25C).
10. Tsiku lirilonse, "kutentha kutentha" kumayenera kutsegulidwa kuti tuluka.
11. Pogona akhoza kuchotsedwa pambuyo pomaliza kupanga mbande pa tsiku la 15 - 20.
12. Ndikofunika kuti muyambe kuyendetsa pansi pamtunda phokoso, kuti mutha kuyanika.
13. Pambuyo pa mimba 4 mpaka 5 yeniyeni imaonekera pa mbande (8 mpaka 10 cm), mbande imathamanga: kuika chomera chilichonse mu mphika wosiyana, ndikukakamira muzu wa nthambi yake yamtsogolo komanso pamwamba pa kutuluka kwa mbali.
14. Mphukira yachinyamatayo imayikidwa mu gawo (zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zofanana ndi kufesa) ku masamba a cotyledon.
15. Mbewu iliyonse imathiridwa pamphepete mwa mphika ndipo imatsimikizika ku malo osatha mpaka itabzalidwa pamtunda.
16. Pambuyo pa masiku 14 mpaka 15, mbande zikhoza kudyetsedwa kale ndi feteleza zokhala ndi nayitrogeni.

Tikupereka kuwonera kanema momwe tingabzalitsire mbewu za verbena pa mbande:

Kulima kunja

Verbena wabzalidwa pamsewu lotseguka pansi.

Kusankha mitundu

Chifukwa chodzala m'munda wamaluwa ndizitsamba zoyenera zotsamba:

1. Mavalo a Verbena (Mafuta ndi Cream, Adonis Mango, Blue usiku).
2. Lemon Verbena
3. Canada.
4. Buenos Airesca, ndi zina zotero.

Mitundu imeneyi imakhala tchire, yomwe kutalika kwake kumasiyana ndi 20 cm kufika 1 mamita, malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana. Maluwa obiriwira a verbena amakongoletsa malire, mabedi a maluwa ndi rabatki pa chiwembucho.

Nthawi

Kubzala mbande zazomwe ziyenera kuchitika poyera ziyenera kukhala pamene ziwopsezo za kasupe chisanu zimatha. Monga lamulo, ili ndilo gawo kapena chigawo chachiwiri cha May (malingana ndi chigawo).

Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji dothi?

1. Pofuna kulumikiza chiwembucho chidzagwirizane ndi malo abwino, otentha, otetezedwa ku zojambula.
2. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, malowa sayenera kukhala m'madera otsika, monga momwe zidzakhalira padzakhala pangozi yowonjezera chinyezi.
3. Dzikoli silikufuna kukonzekera kokha, ndikwanira kubweretsa pang'ono humus ndi peat musanadzale verbena pa tsamba. Ngati dziko lapansi liri lolemerera ndi lolimba, mukhoza kulimba ndi mchenga.

Kukonzekera

Mbande sizikusowa kukonzekera kubzala mutseguka pansi. Koma amalima odziwa bwino amalangiza kuti asanamalize mbande: amayenera kutengedwa kunja kwa mphindi zingapo poyamba, pang'onopang'ono akubweretsa nthawi yokhalamo maola angapo.

Malangizo

1. Kumalo okonzeka, zitsime zikumba pamtunda wa masentimita 20 mpaka 25 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
2. Mzere wothirira umayikidwa pansi pa iliyonse (yosweka njerwa, miyala, etc.).
3. Patsiku lililonse lofika pamadzi 0,5 malita amatsuka.
4. Pambuyo pa chinyezi, kambewu kakang'ono kamene kanatengedwa kuchokera mumphika pamodzi ndi nsalu ya pansi, imatsitsidwira mu mpando uliwonse.
5. Zomwe zimachokerazi zili ndi dziko lapansi.
6. Mbewuyo imaponderezedwa bwino ndi manja kuti azikonzekera bwino.
7. Kuchokera pamwamba pa chomeracho chiyenera kukhala chophatikizidwa ndi masamba ovunda, moss, ndi zina.

Kufika kwanu

Mzere

Kulima mu miphika, mitsuko, zili ndi ampelnye zomera zamasamba ndi zabwino:

1. Maganizo.
2. Tiara Red Impr.
3. Lenai Candy Kay.
4. Mtsinje wa Moon.
5. Mammut.
6. Amuna ndi ena.

Zomwe zimawoneka ndi zokwawa zokwawa, zomwe zimatha kufika masentimita 60. Kugwa, zimakhala ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana a mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mithunzi yambiri, amawoneka okongola pamapangidwe a miphika kapena miphika.

Nthawi

Nthawi yabwino yodzala mphika mu mphika ndikumapeto kwa mwezi wa April - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May.

Nthaka

Nthaka iyenera kukhala mpweya ndi madzi: nthaka ya maluwa imasakanizidwa ndi peat kapena vermiculite (perlite). Mukhoza kugula nthaka yokonzedwa bwino mu sitolo yapadera. Onetsetsani kuti mu mphika ayenera kukhala wosanjikizana, omwe angakhale ndi dothi lokwanira, njerwa zosweka, miyala ya mtsinje, ndi zina zotero.

Chophika chofunikira

Mu thanki ayenera kukhala mabowo omwe sangalole kuti chinyontho chikhale pansi. Phika ayenera kukhala lalikulu, koma osati lalikulu kwambiri, mwinamwake chomera chidzamanga mizu, osati masamba.

Kawirikawiri, mitundu ya ampella imakula miphika ndi miphika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kuganizira mozama za kayendedwe kake.

Chotsani

Kuti mbande zichotsedwe mosamala ndi tchire, ndi bwino kuti asamwe madziwo kwa masiku angapo, ndipo nthaka iyenera kuyamwa bwino musanadzalemo.

Malangizo

1. Konzani zonse zomwe mukufunikira: mphamvu, dothi, dothi lowonjezera, mbande, kuthirira.
2. Pansi pa mphika uli ndi madzi.
3. Chotsatira chotsatira ndicho nthaka, iyenera kudzazidwa, pang'ono pang'ono musanafike pamphepete mwa mphika (zidzakhala zosavuta kuthirira mbewu).
4. Grooves amapangidwa m'nthaka, mmalo mwake zomera zimayikidwa pamodzi ndi nsalu yokhala pansi. Kuti apange mawonekedwe okongola a zomera, tikulimbikitsanso kuti tipeze mphukira zingapo m'miphika imodzi. Chiwerengero chawo chimadalira kuchuluka kwa miphika.
5. Nthaka yozungulira mzere uliwonse imapanikizidwa modekha.
6. Nthaka iyenera kuthiriridwa bwino m'mphepete mwa mphika.

Kodi mungasamalire bwanji maluwa osatha?

Kumalo otseguka

• Kuthirira

  Ngakhale duwa likhoza kulekerera chilala, ndibwino kuti musayese. Mtengo wokwanira wothirira kamodzi nthawi zonse masiku awiri kapena atatu, malingana ndi nyengo. Nthawi yoyamba mutabzala, nthawi zambiri ulimi wothirira ukhoza kuwonjezeka mpaka nthawi yomwe mbeuyo imavomerezedwa.

• Kutsegula.

  Kuti chitukuko chokwanira cha verbena chikhale ndi mpweya wabwino ku mizu. Kuonetsetsa kuti izi zidzathandiza kumasula nthaka mozungulira, kuchotsa namsongole.

• Kupaka pamwamba.

  Kwa nyengo yonse, zovala zapamwamba ziyenera kuchitika katatu: yoyamba - masabata awiri mutabzala mutseguka pansi, yachiwiri - nthawi ya budding, yachitatu - panthawi ya maluwa. Nthawi yoyamba zomera zimamera ndi feteleza zamchere, nthawi yachiwiri ndi yachitatu - feteleza, kuphatikizapo potaziyamu, phosphorous, manganese. Mukhoza kudyetsa zomera ndi feteleza.

• Mbewu.

  Kupanga mawonekedwe okongola a chitsamba amafunika kudulidwa moyenera: zowonongeka zowonongeka zimachotsedwa limodzi ndi kotala la mphukira, zitanyamula iwo.

Nyumba

Kusamalira verbena, kubzalidwa mu mphika, sikunali kosiyana kwambiri ndi kusamalira chomera pamtunda.

1. Kuthirira kumakhala koyenera, koma kawirikawiri: kawiri kawiri - patapita masiku awiri pachitatu.
2. Verbena sakusowa kuti apulumuke, koma sizingakhale zodabwitsa kuti manyowa awonongeke. Ndondomeko yogwiritsira ntchito feteleza ndi yofanana ndi ndondomeko ya chisamaliro, yomwe idabzalidwa pamtunda.
3. Muyeneranso kudula maluwa kuti muthandize maluwa ambiri.

Chithunzi

Kenaka mudzawona momwe maluwa osatha amawoneka ngati:

Matenda ndi mavuto

Kawirikawiri, zomera zimakhala zovuta ku matenda ndi kuzilomboka. Koma ngati chisamaliro cha mbeu chidzachitidwa molakwika, ndiye kuti mavuto ena angabwere.

Ngati kuthirira mowa kwambiri, chomeracho chikhoza kuvunda kapena kudwala matenda monga powdery mildew, blackleg.

Kusunga maluwa kungakhale kovuta:

1. yongolani chitsanzo cha ulimi wothirira;
2. kuziika, kupititsa patsogolo nthaka;
3. Pangani fungicide.

Kapena chomera sichimasintha ... Mwachidziwikire, malowa anasankhidwa molakwika, popeza verbena amakonda dzuwa ndipo amafunikira mokwanira.

Mlimi aliyense angalimbikitse chomera ichi chosafuna kukula pa chiwembucho. Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri maluwa m'nyengo yonseyi, popanda kuchita khama kuti mumusamalire.