Mbatata ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndi imodzi mwa zomera zisanu zofunika kwambiri ndi mbewu, mpunga, tirigu, ndi pakati pa mbewu zosakhala ndi udzu.
Wakula m'mayiko oposa 100 padziko lonse lapansi. Ambiri a iwo, kuphatikizapo Russia, amalima mbatata osati kokha kuti adye, komanso kutumizira kunja.
M'nkhaniyi tiphunzira mwatsatanetsatane za mbiri ya muzu, yerekezerani zokolola za mbatata m'mayiko omwe ndi otchuka kwambiri.
Mbiri
Kodi padziko lapansi pano kwa nthawi yoyamba inayamba kukula mbatata? Poyamba kuchokera ku South Americakumene mungakumanebe ndi makolo ake achilengedwe. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti Amwenye akale anayamba kulima chomera chimenechi zaka pafupifupi 14,000 zapitazo. Anadza ku Ulaya pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1500, akubweretsedwa ndi asilikali a ku Spain. Poyamba maluwa ake anali okonzedwa kuti azikongoletsa zolinga, ndipo tubers ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya cha nyama. M'zaka za zana la 18 okha anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya.
Kuyamba kwa mbatata ku Russia kumagwirizanitsa ndi dzina la Peter I, panthawiyo inali khoti lokoma lokoma, osati mankhwala ochuluka.
Mbatata imafalitsidwa pambuyo pake kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.. Izi zinayambidwa ndi "ziwawa za mbatata", chifukwa chakuti anthu osauka omwe adakakamizika kubzala mbatata pa malamulo a mfumu, sanadziwe kudya ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso zoopsa, komanso osadya bwino.
Werengani zambiri za momwe mbatata zimakula ndi ku Russia muzinthu zathu.
Timalimbikitsanso kuyang'ana kanema pa mbiri ya mbatata:
Sanizani chithunzi
Ndipo iyi ndi mbendera ya dziko limene adayamba kulima mbatata.
Zinthu ndi malo olima
Tsopano mbatata imapezeka kumayiko onse kumene kuli nthaka. Malo abwino kwambiri okula ndi zokolola zabwino amalingaliridwa kuti ndi madera otentha, otentha komanso otentha. Izi chikhalidwe chimakonda nyengo yozizira, momwe akadakwanitsira kutentha kwa mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha tubers - 18-20 ° C. Choncho, kumadera otentha, mbatata amabzalidwa miyezi yozizira, komanso mkatikati mwa masika.
M'madera ena akumidzi, nyengo imakulolani kukula mbatata chaka chonse, pamene mame akuzungulira masiku 90 okha. M'madera ozizira a kumpoto kwa Ulaya, nthawi yokolola imachitika masiku 150 mutabzala.
M'zaka za m'ma 1900, Ulaya anali mtsogoleri wa dziko lonse lapansi.. Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la zaka zapitazi, mbatata inayamba kufalikira m'mayiko akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, India, ndi China. M'ma 1960, India ndi China zinapanga matani oposa 16 miliyoni a mbatata, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, China inatuluka pamwamba, yomwe ikupitirizabe mpaka pano. Mayiko onse ku Ulaya ndi ku Asia, oposa 80 peresenti ya mbewu zonse za padziko lapansi amakolola, ndikuwerengera ku China ndi India.
Kukonzekera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana
Chifukwa cha zokolola zoterezi ndizoti oposa 80% a mbatata ku Russia amakula ndi omwe amatchedwa eni eni osamalidwa. Mapepala apansi a zipangizo zamakono, chosowa chodziŵika bwino chotetezera, kusowa kwachitsulo choyenera - zonsezi zimakhudza zotsatira.
Mayiko a ku Ulaya, USA, Australia, Japan amasiyana kwambiri ndi zokolola zambiri. (za momwe mungapezere zokolola za mbatata zoyambirira, werengani pano, ndipo kuchokera mu nkhani ino mudzaphunzira momwe mungamere bwino mbatata, komanso ndikukuuzani za matelogalamu atsopano kuti muzuke mizu yayikulu). Izi makamaka chifukwa cha chithandizo chapamwamba ndi luso la kubzala. Mbiri ya dziko lonse ndi ya New Zealand, komwe imatha kusonkhanitsa matani 50 pa hekitala.
Atsogoleli pakukula ndi kupanga
Pano pali tebulo ndi mayina a mayiko omwe amamera mizu yochuluka.
| Dziko | Ambiri, matani milioni | Malo okwera, mahekitala mamiliyoni | Kuchita, matani / ha |
| China | 96 | 5,6 | 17,1 |
| India | 46,4 | 2 | 23,2 |
| Russia | 31,5 | 2,1 | 15 |
| Ukraine | 23,7 | 1,3 | 18,2 |
| USA | 20 | 0,42 | 47,6 |
| Germany | 11,6 | 0,24 | 48 |
| Bangladesh | 9 | 0,46 | 19,5 |
| France | 8,1 | 0,17 | 46,6 |
| Poland | 7,7 | 0,28 | 27,5 |
| Holland | 7,1 | 0,16 | 44,8 |
Tumizani
Mu malonda apadziko lonse, mtsogoleri wa dziko lonse ndi Netherlands, zomwe zimapereka 18 peresenti ya zogulitsa zonse. Pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya zogulitsa kunja kwa Holland ndi mbatata yaiwisi ndi zopangidwa kuchokera mmenemo..
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, dziko lino ndilo lalikulu kwambiri loperekera mbeu za mbatata. Pakati pa anthu atatu olemera kwambiri, China yekha ndi yomwe inakhala pakati pa anthu 10 omwe amagulitsa kunja, omwe ndi asanu (6.1%). Russia ndi India sizimagulitsa katundu wawo.
| Dziko | Zogulitsa kunja, madola milioni (% ya maiko akutumizidwa kunja kwa mbatata yaiwisi), 2016 |
| Holland | 669,9 (18%) |
| France | 603,4 (16,2%) |
| Germany | 349,2 (9,4%) |
| Canada | 228,1 (6,1%) |
| China | 227,2 (6,1%) |
| Belgium | 210,2 (5,7%) |
| USA | 203,6 (5,5%) |
| Egypt | 162 (4,4%) |
| Great Britain | 150,9 (4,1%) |
| Spain | 136,2 (3,7%) |
Kugwiritsa ntchito
Malingana ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse, pafupifupi 2/3 ya mbatata zonse zopangidwa mwa mtundu umodzi kapena zina amadyedwa ndi anthu, ena onse amapita kukadyetsa ziweto, zosowa zosiyanasiyana zazuso ndi mbewu. Padziko lonse lapansi, pakadali pano amasintha kuchoka ku mbatata yatsopano kumalo osakanizidwa, monga zida za French, chips, ziphuphu za mbatata.
- Kodi tingayese bwanji mbatata?
- Zomwe sizinthu zachikhalidwe zobzala masamba m'munda.
- Chifukwa chiyani ndi momwe mungamerekere mbatata?
- Kodi mungamere bwanji masamba?
- Kodi mulching ndi chiyani ndipo ndi chifukwa chiyani?
- Ndi nthawi iti yothirira mbatata ndi momwe mungachitire ndi njira yochepetsera?
- Momwe mungapangire ndondomeko ya bizinesi yopanga zamasamba pa mafakitale?
M'mayiko otukuka, mbatata imayamba kuchepa, ndipo m'mayiko osauka ikuwonjezeka. Osagula komanso osadzichepetsa, masamba awa amakupatsani inu zokolola zabwino kuchokera kumadera ang'onoang'ono ndikupatsa chakudya chabwino kwa anthu. Chifukwa chake, mbatata zimayambika m'madera osauka ndi zochepa, kukulitsa kukula kwa mbeuyi ndikuwonjezereka gawo la ulimi wa dziko chaka ndi chaka.
