M'zaka zaposachedwa, duwa lowoneka bwino la gatsaniya lakhala lotchuka kwambiri pakati pa olima Russian. Chomera ichi chimakhala chovuta komanso chopatsa chidwi, koma, mutazolowera zanzeru zina ndi zina za chisamaliro, mutha kuyambitsa ulimi wake mdziko la Central Russia.
Kufotokozera ndi machitidwe apakati a gatsaniya
Duwa la gatsaniya ku South Africa (kapena gazania) limawoneka pang'ono ngati daisy, chifukwa chake linatchedwa kuti. Ichi ndi chomera chodabwitsidwa cha banja la a Astrov lomwe lidabwera ku Europe mkatikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1800 ndipo lidatchulidwa polemekeza wansembe waku Italiya T. von Gaza. Kuthengo, kumera ku Africa ndi m'malo a m'mphepete mwa Australia.
Duwa la Gazania
Maluwa a Gatzania amapangika pamtunda wofewa, wautali 25 cm ndikufika mulifupi mwake masentimita 5 mpaka 6. Utoto wake umatengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo umatha kukhala pafupifupi: Chochititsa chidwi ndi mikwingwirima yakuda komanso yosiyanitsa ikupita pakati pa duwa.
Zambiri! Mbewuyo imaphukira patatha miyezi 3-4 mutabzala mbewu. Kutalika kwake kumatsimikiziridwa ndi nyengo.
Gatzania ili ndi gawo losinthika la mlengalenga lofalikira pansi, muzu. Masamba ndi tsinde ndi fleecy silvery, madzi amchere amapezeka pamtunduwo. Mbali yakumwambayi ya masamba ndi yosalala kapena yowala. Mbewu ndizopyapyala zakuda ndi zoyera, zimakhala ndi tinthu tating'ono.
Kugwiritsa ntchito asczany popanga mawonekedwe
Gatsaniya wakula ku Africa ngati wamuyaya, koma madera aku Europe samapulumuka nyengo yozizira ndipo amamera ngati chomera pachaka. Zoyenera pafupifupi nyengo zamtundu uliwonse, koma m'malo ozizira nthawi yakuthengo ziyenera kukumbidwa. Sakonda chomera chamadzimadzi ndi mvula yambiri. Imalekerera kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kuyambira -5 ° C mpaka 35 ° C, imamwalira nthawi yomweyo mu kuzizira kwambiri.
Kuteteza Gazania
Gatsaniya - pachaka kapena osatha - akhoza kukhala wamkulu mumbale ndi maluwa miphika kukongoletsa makonde ndi masitepe. Yoyenera kuyikidwa m'mabedi amaluwa, mabedi amaluwa, m'misewu yam'munda, pamapiri a Alpine.
Tcherani khutu! Amaloledwa kukula ku chamomile ku Africa ngati chomera pakhomo.
Potengera dimba la maluwa, oyandikana nawo abwino akhoza kukhala Iberis, Venidium, Lobelia. Pewani kubzala pafupi ndi mbewu zazitali kwambiri zomwe zingatsekereze kuwala, monga verbena kapena delphinium. Mwanjira yodulidwa gazania imatha masiku 8-9.
Zophatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu, pomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowononga kwambiri komanso zowononga kwambiri za gazania, zimabzalidwa chaka chilichonse. Amatha kutalika masentimita 30, pachimake kwambiri kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka nyengo yozizira ikayamba. Mitundu iyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi miyala ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana-mabango, ndichifukwa chake amasangalatsa kwambiri wamaluwa. Oyenera kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana, amayamba kutulutsa m'mbuyomu ndipo amatha kugwa nyengo yovuta.
Palinso mitundu ina yambiri, Pakati pake pali peacock peacock, cirrus, maluwa amodzi. Mbawala ya peacock ili ndi masamba pafupifupi 20 masentimita, yokutidwa ndi tsitsi lowonda pamwamba, maluwa okongola a lalanje wokhala ndi chikasu chachikasu ndi mphete yakuda mozungulira. Cirrus gazania imakhala ndi masamba a pini komanso maluwa a lalanje okhala ndi chizindikiro chakuda pafupi ndi pakati. Mtundu umodzi wamaluwa amodzi ndi chomera chowoneka bwino komanso mabasiketi ofiira achikasu a maluwa ambiri.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gazania
Gatzania: Kulima mbewu
Mbande za Gazania zimakula pang'onopang'ono, motero muyenera kuwerengera nthawi yobzala pasadakhale. Kubzala liti gatsanii akamakula? Ndikwabwino kuyambitsa njirayi kumapeto kwa dzinja, mwezi wa February. Kuti izi zitheke, pamafunika kulingaliranso za mbewuyo ndikuchita motere:
- Pakukula mbande, muli zinthu zakuya zosankhidwa bwino, chifukwa chomera chimakhala ndi mizu yayitali, yopanga ndodo, yomwe imafunikira malo oti ikule.
- Denga lokwanira limayikidwa mu thankiyo.
- Dothi lowala limakonzedwa ndikudzazidwa.
- Mbewu zofesedwa, kuziyika panthaka itatha 2-3 masentimita kuchokera kwina, ndikuwaza ndi dothi lapansi.
- Mbewu zimanyowetsedwa kuchokera pa atomizer ndi madzi okhazikika pa kutentha kwa firiji.
- Valani chidebe ndi polyethylene kapena galasi.
- Zopimira mmera zimayikidwa pamalo otentha, owunikira ndi kutentha kwa mpweya osachepera 20 ° C.
- Chinyezi chatsiku ndi tsiku chimayendera ndipo kupumulira kumachitika. Nthaka siyenera kupukuta, kuopera kuti mbewu ziuma, osangomera.
Kutengera ndi zomwe zafotokozedwazi za chisamaliro choyenera, pakatha milungu ingapo mbande yoyamba ibwera. Kuchokera pano, filimu kapena galasi limachotsedwa pambewu, zotengera zimasinthidwa kupita kumalo komwe kumayatsa bwino. Nthaka ikupitilirabe ndikunyowa nthawi zonse, kupewa kupukuta kapena kutulutsa madzi.
Ngati mbande ndi yakuya mokwanira, ndiye kuti kutola kumachitika osati kale kuposa mawonekedwe a tsamba lachinayi. Chomera chilichonse chimabzalidwa mumphika wina wa peat, kuti mukadzala m'nthaka, mizu yovunda isawonongeke.
Zofunika! Mbande zofalikira zimasinthidwa kukhala zowunikira, koma chipinda chozizira kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa 12 ° C mpaka 16 ° C (mwachitsanzo, ku loggia yotsekedwa). Masana, tchire liyenera kusiidwa mu gawo locheperako kuti mbewu zikhala ndi nthawi yolimba.
Kutchera ndi kusamalira gazania
Mukamaliza chisanu chomaliza komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa masiku ofunda, mutha kuyamba kuyenda pang'onopang'ono gazania. Malo oyala mabedi a maluwa ndi bwino kusankha mlendo wokongola, wowotha kutentha kuopa kuopa kuti asawone dzuwa, amalola chilala mosavuta. Dothi liyenera kukhala lachonde komanso lopatsa thanzi, lopanda madzi ambiri. Gatsaniya ikamatera imachitika pochita izi:
- Kutali kwa 20 cm kuchokera wina ndi mzake, mabowo amapangidwa momwe zimakhalira zosavuta kuyika miphika ndi mbande.
- Zomera zimayikidwa mu zitsime ndi miphika. Ngati mbande zikadakuliridwe mu chidebe chimodzi, ndiye kuti mbewu zachichepere zimachotsedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito fosholo yayitali ya dimba ndikukumba muzuwo ndi dothi kuti zisawonongeke.
- Mutabzala, mbewuzo zimathiriridwa madzi.
- Danga lozungulira mmera lakhazikika.
Kugulitsa kunja kwa gazania
Masewera a gatsaniya atazika panthaka, amatha kulekerera kutentha mpaka −5 ° C. Mu nyengo yamitambo ndipo usiku maluwawo amakutidwa ndi kanema, ndipo mmawa ndi nyengo yotentha amayenera kutsegulidwa.
Kuthirira mbewu kumafunikira zolimbitsa thupi, pokhapokha nthaka itatha. Mukathirira, dothi limasulidwa ndikumasulidwa, kutseka ndi mulch. Mukamasankha momwe mungadyetsere gatsaniya chifukwa chamaluwa ambiri, ndibwino kuti musankhe feteleza wapadera wa maluwa. Ndondomeko ikuchitika pafupifupi 1-2 pamwezi.
Tcherani khutu! Kuti mukwaniritse mapangidwe apanga masamba ambiri ndi maluwa ambiri, maluwa osiyidwa amachotsedwa tchire.
Chomera cha pachaka mutamasintha maluwa ndikuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira chimafunika kudulidwa ndikuwotcha kuti muwononge tizirombo tomwe tidakhazikika. Mutha kusunga duwa mpaka kumapeto kwa chaka chotsatira pokumba tchire ndikuwadzala mumiphika. Ndikofunikira kusunga gatsanii nthawi yozizira pa kutentha pafupifupi 10 ° C. Chipindacho chikuyenera kukhala chowala. Zomera sizimamwe madzi, pokhapokha nthaka itatha. Chapakatikati, maluwa a gatsaniya amabzala pabedi lamaluwa ndipo mphukira zawo zimadulidwa pakati.
Mbeu za Gazania zimasonkhanitsidwa ndikuika matumba osanja okongoletsedwa bwino pamaluwa omwe atha kale kufota, apo ayi mbewu zokhwima zimawuluka mosiyana ndi mphepo.
Zambiri! Sizikupanga nzeru kusonkha mbewu za mitundu yosakanizidwa, popeza amasiya mitundu yawo.
Kukula kwamaluwa a gazania ngati osatha, muyenera kutsatira njira zonse zosamalidwa. Mukugwa, gatsaniya akhoza kukumba ndikukubweretsa mnyumbamo. Mwa kupanga nyengo zoyenera, kuyatsa kwa maola 14 ndi kutentha kwa 22-25 ° C, simungangosunga chomera, komanso kukwaniritsa maluwa ake m'nyengo yozizira.
Wowotchera gazania
Maluwa a Gazania: Kukula, kusamalira, kusamalira ngati osatha
Komanso, gatsaniya wokhala ndi nthawi yayitali pakulima ndi kusamalira machitidwe a nyengo ya Russia ungapulumutsidwe ndikusunthira mkati, mwachitsanzo, mpaka chapansi. Mu nthawi yamasika, mbewuyo imabwezeredwa kumatunda ofunda, poyang'ana momwe zinthu zabzala zomwe tafotokozazi. Chakumapeto kwa dzinja, mbewuyo imadzalidwa ndikugawika ndikuyika malo ena. Kenako miphika imasunthidwa m'chipinda chofunda komanso chowala, ndikuyamba kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri kuti pang'onopang'ono kudzutseni kosatha.
Matenda, tizirombo ndi njira zokuthana nazo
Ngakhale mbewuyo imakana kuthana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, chisamaliro cholakwika cha gatsanii ndi zovuta zina zimatsogolera pakugonjetsedwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungal kapena ma virus, komanso kuwoneka kwa tizirombo tina osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chakuwala kosakwanira komanso chinyezi chambiri, mitundu ya zowola imvi pachomera, yomwe imatha kuchotsedwa pokhapokha poyambira. Chifukwa cha izi, gazania amathandizidwa ndikukonzekera fungicidal.
Tcherani khutu! Ma bus omwe adadwala kwambiri amachotsedwa ndikuwotcha kuti ateteze mbewu zathanzi kumatendawa. Bedi limathandizidwa ndi phytosporin pazomwezi.
Nkhono za m'munda, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimadya masamba apansi a ganzania, zimakololedwa ndi dzanja. Mwa kukongoletsa masamba ndikutulutsa masamba, wina angaganize kuti chifukwa cha ichi chinali mawonekedwe a akangaude ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Minki imawonongeka pogwiritsa ntchito ditoxin, fufanon kapena actellik. Amalimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba mothandizidwa ndi int-vira, acarin kapena phytoerm.
Kutsatira malamulo a chisamaliro kudzakuthandizani kuti mulime tchire la gazania m'kanyumba ka chilimwe. Zosatha kapena pachaka, chamomile ku Africa nthawi zonse zimakondwera ndi mitundu yake yowala yosawoneka bwino.
