Mphako (lat. Apodemus agrarius) ndi kamtengo kakang'ono, kamene kamakhala ndi mbewa zamunda.
Nyamayo ndi yaying'ono (10-12 masentimita), mtundu wa chovala chake ndi wofiirira ndi mdima wofiira kapena wofiira womwe uli pamtunda.
Mchira wa munda mbewa ndi yofupika, yochepa kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwa thupi.
Mzindawu ndi waukulu kwambiri - Kummwera ndi kum'mwera kwa Europe, kum'mwera kwa Western Siberia, Primorye. Zambirimbiri zimapezeka pamphepete mwa nkhalango, ku steppes, ku nkhalango za taiga.
Zakudya
Zakudya za m'munda mbewa ndizosiyana komanso zimasiyana malinga ndi "malo okhalamo".
- Mu steppe. Nthawi zambiri nkhuku imadyetsa udzu ndi mizu ya zomera, mphutsi za tizilombo, tirigu;
- M'dambo. Munda wathanzi umadya mchere wambiri ndi mababu a zomera, mbewu za udzu, zipatso zosiyanasiyana, tizilombo tating'ono;
- Mu nkhalango. Munda wamunda amatha kupezeka pamphepete mwa nkhalango, amadya makungwa a mitengo, masamba obiriwira, masamba, mphukira zachitsamba, bowa, mtedza ndi zipatso;
- Mu taiga. Munda wa nkhumba umene umakhala m'nkhalango za Siberia ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu, ubweya wake uli ndi ubweya wofiira. Mu taiga, voles ali ndi chakudya: cranberries, cranberries, mtedza, tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ting'ono ting'onoting'ono, tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, timatabwa ndi masamba a mitengo.
Kodi ndi vole omnivorous?
Kwenikweni, chakudya cha vole chimakhala ndi chakudya chomera, komanso musanyoze tizilombo tochepa, mphutsi, kuzidya zambiri (makamaka m'nyengo ndi chilimwe).
M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri mbewa zimatha kutentha kwambiri komanso zimamenyana ndi nyumba zogona komanso malo osungiramo katundu.
Atasankha nyumba ngati malo a nyengo yozizira, phokoso siliyenera kusankha choti idye, chotero iye amadya chirichonseomwe amatha kuba: tchizi, soseji, mafuta anyama.
Kuvulaza kumunda wamunda
Msewu wamtundu kwambiri. M'zaka zapakati zapakati, ndi zaka 1.5-2 zokha, zimatha kubereka ana ali ndi zaka ziwiri.
Nyama imabereka 3-4 nthawi pachaka, mu malita onse a 4-8 mbewa zazing'ono. N'zosavuta kuwerengera kuti nthawi yayitali ya mbewa amatha kuonjezera banja lawo kuti likhale labwino kwambiri.
Mitunda yamtunda inkawononga minda, minda, minda ya zipatso, ndi gwiritsani chirichonse chimene chikubwera.
Mano a voles amatha kukula mmoyo wonse, choncho ayenera kukhala pansi, mwinamwake akhoza kukula kukula kwake.
Manja amachititsa mavuto ambiri.
Ngati makoswe amtundu akuyamba mnyumba, nkofunikira kuchotsa alendo osalandiridwa mwamsanga, chifukwa cha mano amphamvu komanso nthawi zonse akuyenera kupukuta akhoza kugona chirichonse, ngakhale bolodi lakuda pansi.
Ngati nthata za m'munda zinkalowera m'munda, izi sizilinso zabwino, monga okondedwa awo Chokoma ndi makungwa, zitsamba zamabulosi, mphukira za mitengo ya zipatso.
Ndipo ngati alowa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, ndiye kuti amachokera m'matangidwe a dzinja (mbatata, kaloti) akhoza osati tsatanetsatane.
Koma chiopsezo chachikulu kwa anthu kuchokera ku zinyama zooneka ngati zokongola ndi zopanda phindu ndizoti mbewa zamunda ndizo wonyamula matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana.
ZOFUNIKA! Munda wam'mimba (osasokonezeka ndi mimba yofiira ya mtundu wa imvi) ndi chonyamulira cha matenda aakulu otere monga tularemia ndi kutentha kwa thupi, ndi chitukuko ndi zovuta zomwe imfa imatha.
Kudya nthawi zosiyana za chaka
- Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zimadalira ndipo zimadalira nthawi ya chaka.
- Zima. Munda wamunda musabwerere, ndi kudyetsa m'nyengo yozizira monga mwakhama monga nyengo yotentha.
Kumtchire, chakudya chambiri m'nyengo yozizira ndi chosowa kwambiri, motero, kufunafuna chakudya, kuthamangira ku nyumba zogona, senniks, granaries, cellars.
Amadya ndi tirigu wokondweretsa, mizu, udzu kuposa kuwononga kwakukulu ku minda;
- Spring chilimwe. M'nyengo yotentha, palibe mavuto apadera omwe amakhala nawo ku voles, amadya zitsamba zokongola za zomera, mizu, zipatso, masamba.
Zambiri zimakhala m'minda, kuwononga mbewu ndi mbande zazing'ono zambewu, beets, kaloti, zomwe zimawononga kwambiri ulimi ndi minda;
- Kutha. Komanso nthawi yabwino ya minda yamunda. Pali zokolola, ndipo m'minda pali chinachake choti mupindule, chifukwa mutatha kukolola kumunda pali tirigu wochuluka.
Hayi yayamba kugwedezeka malo osungira udzu - malo omwe mumawakonda kwambiri, pali kutentha ndi udzu wambiri wokoma. Mpendadzuwa ndi wokongola, ndipo mbewa zamunda sizidzakane ndi mbewu zake zokoma mwina.
M'minda ndi minda ya zipatso yotuta - mungathe kupindula ndi zipatso zokoma ndi mbewu zakuzu;
Kodi amapanga masitumba a m'nyengo yozizira?
Mabokosi a mbewa zam'munda ndi osavuta, nthawi zambiri amatha kuchokapo kangapo. Kutsika kwa burrow ndi kochepa. Nthawi zina mbewa zimapanga udzu wozungulira udzu ndikukhalamo.
Mu mabowo a mpweya pafupi ndi chipinda chodyera konzani yosungirakozomwe zimawalola kuti asafe njala m'nyengo yozizira.
Ndalama sikokwanira nthawi yonse ya nyengo yozizira, ndipo miyendo nthawi zambiri ikhoza kuwononga nyama zazikulu zamitengo, kenako voles ikufulumira kwa anthu kufunafuna chakudya.
Kodi amapindula bwanji?
Pambuyo pa mavuto onse omwe tawatchulawa m'magulu akumunda, funso la mapindu awo lingamawoneke ngati lopanda pake.
Komabe, voles kubweretsa zopindulitsa, pokhala mgwirizano wofunikira mu chakudya.
Popanda iwo, zinyama zambiri: nkhandwe, martens, nkhuku, amphaka adzasiyidwa opanda chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwononga gawo lalikulu la asilikali a mouse, nyamazi zimakhala ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, zomera, komanso gawo lalikulu la mbeu m'minda ndi minda.
Palibe chilengedwe chodabwitsa, kotero mu nkhani ya munda mouse. Zoipa zambiri kuchokera kwa iye, koma pali phindu looneka.
Komabe, ngakhale kukula kwakukulu ndi mawonekedwe opanda vuto., Awa ndiwo nyama zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa ndipo ndi bwino kuti asamalole kuti azikhala pafupi ndi nyumba zawo.
Chithunzi
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