Nyanjayi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya karoti yomwe ili yabwino kumadera ochepa. Mizu yachangu imapsa msanga ndipo imakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kukwaniritsa makhalidwe onse omwe abambo amawaika, kuphatikizapo kusungunula zinthu zothandiza.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zosiyana, ubwino ndi zovuta za mtundu uwu, komanso zofunikira za kulima ndi kukolola.
Mudzaphunzira momwe mungasankhire malo oti mubzala ndikukonzekera dothi, momwe kubzala, kutsirira ndi kudyetsa zikuchitika, komanso momwe zingakhalire mavuto omwe angabwere ndikukula ndi momwe angathetsere.
Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane ndi kufotokoza
Maonekedwe
Chomera cha zomeracho chiri ndi masamba a chikhalidwe chojambulidwa ndi singano ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Zomera zimakhala pafupifupi masentimita 20, nthawi yakucha kukula, kukula maluwa a mtundu wa lalanje ndi mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi mthunzi wamphongo. Chimake cha chipatsocho ndi chaching'ono kwambiri, kapena sichoncho.
Ndi mtundu wotani?
Zosiyanasiyana ndi zoyamba kucha. Mizu yoyamba imatha kuchotsedwa mkati mwa masiku 60 pambuyo pa kumera. Kukolola kwakukulu ndi miyezi itatu kenako.
Mitengo ya fructose ndi beta carotene
Zomwe zili fructose ndi 0.7 g pa 100 magalamu a masamba, beta-carotene - 1.1 mg pokhudzana ndi mankhwala omwewo.
Nthawi yobwera
Nthawi zina ankakonda kufesa m'nyengo yozizira.
Choncho mbewu zimatha kukhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira panthawi ya kumera.
- Spring kubzala ikuchitika kumapeto kwa April - oyambirira May.
Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha izi ndikutentha kwa dothi kufika madigiri 9.
- Kubzala msanga kwa mbewu, pamene kutentha kumakhazikika pa mlingo wa +16 +22 madigiri, kumatsimikizira chipatso chodabwitsa kwambiri.
Mbewu kumera
Mbewu kumera ndi yapamwamba kwambiri ndipo imayandikira 100%. Kuyala zakuthupi sikutanthauza kusanayambe kubzala musanadzalemo.
Kulemera kwa mizu
Kulemera kwa mizu zosiyanasiyana Laguna ndi 60-90 magalamu.
Pereka
Nyanjayi imakulolani kuti musonkhanitse kuchokera ku 1 ha mpaka 700 kg ya mbewu zakuzu. Zokolola za mitundu yosiyanasiyana zimakhala zowonjezereka ndipo zimatha kusintha kwambiri ngati patatha mbewu kumera nthaka kutentha imatsikira -1 digiri.
Kusankhidwa ndi kusunga khalidwe
Kalasi ndi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano, kuzizira, kupanga madzi ndi kusungirako zosiyanasiyana. Ankakonzekera mitundu yonse ya mbale.
Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi mwayi wabwino, kaloti ikhoza kusungidwa kwa miyezi isanu.
Zigawo zaulimi
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yoyenera kulima pafupifupi m'mayiko onse omwe kale anali a CIS, mosasamala za chigawo cha nyengo. Chikhalidwe chimakhala bwino m'madera otentha a nyengo.
Kodi mukulimbikitsidwa kuti mupange chiyani?
Kalasi ya Lagoon imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima mu greenhouses, hotbeds ndi pamalo otseguka.
Kukaniza matenda ndi tizirombo
Odyetsa anaika mtundu wosakanikirana wa mavitamini ndi matenda a fungal. Ndi luso lamakono la zaulimi, chikhalidwe sichitha kugonjetsedwa ndi tizilombo towononga.
Kutulutsa
Idyani mizu ya masamba ingakhale pambuyo pa masiku 80-85 mutabzala. Kukalamba kwathunthu masiku 120. Pogwiritsa ntchito agrotechnics, mbewu zikhoza kukolola kale masiku makumi asanu ndi limodzi pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mphukira ndipo mbewu imakololedwa m'madoko angapo.
Nthaka
Kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino, nthaka yochepetsetsa ndi yofunika kwambiri, momwe gawo lafumbi likugwera.
Komanso, zosiyanasiyana zimamva bwino m'mapiri. Mbali ya acidity ya nthaka sayenera kukhala yaikulu kuposa pH 6-6.5. Manyowa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito asanadzalemo.
Ngati kufesa kumakonzedwa m'nyengo yozizira, ndiye kuti phosphorus ayenera kukhala mankhwala. M'chaka, musanabzala, feteleza okhala ndi feteleza. Mu kugwa - potashi zowonjezera.
Frost kukana ndi transportability
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ya kutentha ndipo salola kulephera kwa kutentha m'munsimu -1 madigiri. Izi zingachititse kuti pakhale kutaya kwa landings kapena kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe.
Nyanjayi ndi yabwino yopita.
Kukonzekera kwa minda ndi minda yaulimi
Zosiyanasiyana zingatengedwe ngati chitukuko chapamwamba. Izi zimachokera kumera pafupifupi zana la mbewu, kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kupanga zipatso zofanana ndi kupereka zokolola zabwino. Pa chikhalidwe chimodzimodzi cha sayansi yamagetsi ndi chophweka, ndi wodzichepetsa ndipo ali ndi kukana kwakukulu kwa matenda.
Mbiri yobereka
Laguna F1 idakhazikitsidwa potsatira maziko a Nantes-4 osiyanasiyana mu 2007. Ntchito pa kusankha inkachitika ku VNIISSOK.
Kodi kusiyana kotani ndi mitundu ina ya ndiwo zamasamba?
- Zosankha zosiyanasiyana zofesa. Zingakhale zoyambirira, pakati komanso pafupi ndi nyengo yozizira.
- Potaziyamu wambiri.
- Kukhoza kubwereza mobwerezabwereza.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Ubwino:
- Ulimi wamba.
- Mbewu zazikulu zimamera.
- Kukaniza matenda ambiri.
Kuipa:
- Osati woyenera kusungirako nthawi yaitali.
- Zofunikira pa nthaka.
Zizindikiro za kukula
Pa nthawi yosankhidwa (kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, mapeto a mwezi wa May kapena pafupi ndi nyengo yozizira), mabedi amakonzedwa mmalo mwake omwe amadziwika, osapitirira 2 masentimita, pamtunda wa masentimita 15 kuchokera pamzake.
Nthaka iyenera kuthiriridwa bwino ndi madzi ofunda omwe adagawanika. Zomera zimabzalidwa pansi. Mbewu zimamera pafupifupi masabata awiri, koma ngati alandira kutentha kozizira - nthawi yafupika kukhala masiku khumi.
Kuthirira koyamba kumachitika patapita masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri (10-14) kuchokera pa nthawi yomwe maonekedwe a mphukira yoyamba ali pa mlingo wa 7-10 malita pa mita imodzi. Kuwonjezera ulimi wothirira kumachitika ndi nthawi yofanana, pamene kufufuza, chinyezi cha nthaka.
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Kukolola kungatheke panthawi zingapo. - kuchokera masiku 60 mpaka 120 mutatha kumera. Mizu ya masamba imachotsedwa mosamala ndi kudula nsongazo, kusiya 3-4 masentimita. Mitundu ya kaloti Laguna ikhoza kusungidwa kwa miyezi isanu.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mitundu yambiri ya Laguna F1 imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda enaake a karoti, koma zowononga zowonongeka zingayambitse matenda.
- Septoria. Matendawa amayamba mu zinthu zapamwamba, nthawi zambiri mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Amaoneka ngati mawanga owuma pamaso, pambali pa zimayambira. Njira yopangira mankhwala imaphatikizapo kupopera mbewu zomera ndi Bordeaux kusakaniza ndi kuyeza microclimate mu wowonjezera kutentha.
- Black kuvunda Zimakhudza zomera zomwe boma la ulimi wothirira linaphwanyidwa. Kutentha kwambiri kumabweretsa mawanga wakuda pa mizu. Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha matenda, nyemba zimaphatikizidwa ndi majekesero osamalidwa asanadzalemo. Pakukula mukufunika kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse za dothi.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nthawi zambiri timayambitsa kaloti - aphid. Tizilombo timayamwa madzi kuchokera masamba a masamba, zomwe zimakhudza kukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu, chifukwa chaichi chimamwalira. Pofuna kuteteza zotsatira zoipa, pa zizindikiro zoyamba za chikondi ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, zolima zimatengedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mavuto osiyanasiyana omwe amakula
Momwe mulingo ungakhalire podzala mitundu ya Laguna - 0.8 - 2.5 mamita. Ngati mlingo uli wochepa, yankho lake ndilo kubzala mbeu isanafike nyengo yozizira kuti athetse leaching yomwe ingatheke panthawi yozizira.
Nthaka yosakonzekera ingayambitse kuphulika kwa chipatso ndi kutaya kwathunthu kwa kuwonetsera kwake. Pofuna kupewa izi, musanafese, m'pofunikira kuti muzilima kwambiri nthaka.
Mitundu yofanana
- Nantes-4 ndi Nantes-14 - mofanana ndi Laguna, mizu yoyamba imatha kudyetsedwa patatha miyezi iwiri itatha.
- Losinoostrovskaya-13 - imaperekanso zokolola zambiri.
- Rex - komanso, ngati Laguna, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokula mofulumira ndipo imakhala ndi mbewu zamasamba zokhala ndi masamba ovuta kwambiri.
Laguna F1 ndi mitundu yapamwamba yobalala yomwe ili ndi kukoma kwabwino, pokhala ndi njira yosavuta ya ulimi. Ndi bwino kuswana pakhomo payekha ndipo chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa, amalola kuti azipeza zokolola zabwino ngakhale kwa iwo omwe ali ndi karoti kulima nthawi yoyamba.
