Maluwa a chitumbuwa ndi mtengo wochepa, kapena chitsamba,
zomwe zimatipangitsa ife kulawa zipatso zowawa
wachikasu kapena wofiirira wakuda, kukula kwake.
Nthawi zonse amapereka zokolola zabwino, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kumusamalira.
M'nkhani ino tidzakuuzani momwe mungapitire
onetsetsani maula, zazing'ono zam'madzi
ndi kuteteza mtengo wa chitumbuwa mutabzala.
Kukonzekera kubzala maula
Kukonzekera nthaka yobzala
Chomera chomera chimayamba ndi kusankha malo ndi kukonzekera kwa nthaka. Asanafike Munda uyenera kulingalira mfundo zina: maula salola kuleza chilala, chifukwa amachitcha kuti mtengo wokonda chinyezi, koma nthawi yomweyo maluwa ake sagonjetsedwa ndi nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira.
Mafuta a Cherry adzakula bwino kummwera chakumadzulo kwa munda, pamtunda, kumadzulo ndi kum'mwera kwakumunda kwa mundawo. Ayenera kuganiziridwakotero kuti malowa amatetezedwa ku mphepo yamkuntho, chisanu, chilala, chinyezi chochulukirapo komanso nyengo zina zoipa.
Musanadzale mbande, feteleza zokhazokha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lapansi, kuphatikizapo manyowa kapena humus, superphosphates ndi potaziyamu mchere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye chiwembucho chimakumbidwa. Manyowa amchere samagwiritsidwa ntchito pa dothi la chernozem, popeza palibe phindu lililonse.
Pa dothi limene silili lachonde monga chernozems, kuchuluka kwa feteleza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumadalira kukula kwa kubereka kwawo. Dothi ndi kuchuluka kwa acidity laimu. Mu dzenje lakuthamangira kupanga zakudya zonse, kupatula manyowa.
Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
Cherry plum mitengo Zaka ziwiri ndi zaka ziwiri zimabzalidwa pansi. Musanawagule muyenera kusamalira mizu, iyenera kukhala yamphamvu ndi yamphamvu, ndipo ili ndi mizu 5 yambiri, kutalika kwake komwe kuli kofanana ndi 25-30 cm.
Mitengo ya mitengo yamitengo imabzalidwa, imalowa fruiting kumayambiriro ndikuchira mofulumira pambuyo pa chisanu.
Zitsulo ndi bwino kugula muzipinda za zipatso, osati kuchokera kwa ogulitsa zovuta kumsika.
Mmera kukonzekera
Cherry mizu ya mizu, musanabzala m'munda wanu, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa. Onse odwala, owonongeka, owuma ndi odwala matendawa amachotsedwa ndi mzere wa munda. Mizu yathanzi yotsalira imakonzedwanso pang'ono, mwachitsanzo, kudulidwa.
Kudulira mizu ya sapling ayenera kumvetsera pa mtundu wake, ngati ndi bulauni, ndiye kuti uyenera kuchotsa kuti ukhale woyera, ndiko kuti, pamene mizu yathanzi imayamba.
Gawo lotsatira, atakonza mizu, ayenera kuthira phala. Izi zidzateteza kuopsa kwa kuyanika, kubwezeretsanso kuchepa kwa chinyezi panthawi yopititsa patsogolo kapena kusungidwa kosayenera kwa mbande. Muzikonzekeretsa kuchokera ku mullein ndi dothi, koma mukhoza kungoyambira pansi.
Mizu idzakhala yopindulitsa kuti imveke mu njira ya Aktara, koma ikhozanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nthaka ina, yomwe imathandiza kuteteza zomera ku tizirombo, monga cockchafer, wireworm.
Kutulukira dzenje
Mtengo wa Cherry udzakula bwino pa loamy dothi lofooka acidity. Madzi a pansi pano ayenera kukhala osachepera 1.5 mamita akuya kuchokera pansi.
Dothi lodzala limakumba pafupifupi masentimita 60 mpaka 80 masentimita. Ngati dothi liri losauka, dothi lonse limakula mpaka masentimita 70. Kukonzekera kwa nthaka kumadalira mtundu wa nthaka. Ngati dothi lamchenga - pansi pa dzenje akulangizidwa kuti agone ndi dothi ladongo, lomwe liri lakuda masentimita 15.
Kwa ngalande, pamtunda wouma, pansi pa dzenje wapangidwa ndi zitsamba, njerwa yosweka kapena mchenga wonyezimira. Masentimitawa ayenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 15. Mitsuko imakumbidwa pamtunda wa mamita atatu kuchokera pa mzake.
Mthunzi wakukumba umamera. Humus, superphosphate, potaziyamu kloride kapena phulusa la nkhuni zimayambikamo. Pa dothi losauka, kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumawonjezeka ndi 50%. Kuchepetsa nthaka acidity, kilogalamu imodzi ya laimu imathiridwa mu dzenje lililonse.
Mazira a Cherry amabzalidwa kuti mzu wa mizu ukhale wa masentimita 10 kuposa msinkhu wa pansi. Onetsetsani kuti mutsikira pansi ndikupanga dzenje lakuthirira. Mutabzala mtengo umadulidwa.
Tikufika
Kulowera
Pakati pa mbeu za chitumbuwa zimadalira nyengo yomwe mitengo imakula, pokhapokha ngati nthaka ili, kapena kuti mbeu. Kumalo akum'mwera pa nthaka yachonde, maula amabzala pamtunda wa mamita 4 kuchokera mzake, ndi pakati pa mizere 5, kumpoto, mamita 3 ndi 5, motero. Pafupi kwambiri, motero, mitengo iyenera kusadzalidwa.
Poyamba, izi zimawoneka ngati chiyembekezo, kupulumutsa mpata, mukhoza kubzala mitengo yambiri ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma pamene ikukula, pali malo pang'ono ndipo amakula bwino.
Malingana ndi mtundu wa chitumbuwa ndi mtengo wa mtengo, yakeriniato inabzala mu mtundu wina: Mitengo yokhala ndi mitengo yolimba kwambiri mamita 7 pakati pa mitengo ndi mamita 4 pakati pa mizere, pakati - mamita asanu pamtunda, pakati pa mizere 3 mamita, ndi kukula kwake, 4 ndi 1.5 mamita.
Tsiku lofika
Cherry plum anabzala mu kugwa ndi masika. Ndikofunika kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yolima mitengo kumayambiriro kwa masika, kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, pamene zomera zatha, mwachitsanzo, musanafike, ndipo m'dzinja ndizofunika kukhala ndi nthawi pakati pa mwezi wa September, mwezi umodzi usanafike chisanu.
Kumapeto kwa kubzala kumapeto kwa mtengo, mtengo umapweteka ndipo umatha kuseri, ndipo kubzala mochedwa kumatha kuwononga mizu, imatha kuzimitsa, chifukwa mtengo wamtengowu ulibe nthawi yokhazikika.
Kuzama mozama
Muzu wa khosi la sapling Alycha, nthaka ikatha, nthawi zonse ikhale pansi. Ngati mumabzala sizowona kwambiri, mizu imakhala yopanda kanthu, ndipo kukula kwa msinkhu kumawonjezeka. Koma ngati mutapitirira ndi kulima kwambiri, ndiye kuti chiopsezo cha sapling chingalephereke, makamaka pa nthaka yovuta, yozizira.
Kuwonjezereka pang'ono kwa muzu wa mizu pa mchenga ndi miyala ya miyala yachitsamba kumaloledwa, ndiko komwe kumakhudza zotsatira zoipa za kutentha kwa nthaka, kusowa kwa chinyezi kumakhudza chitumbuwa cha maluwa.
Kutuluka mutatha
Mtengo wa chitumbuwa, mutabzala, umafuna madzi ambiri, kaya imvula mvula kapena ayi. Kuthirira mitengo 2-3 nthawi, mu kasupe ndi chilimwe. Pansi pa mtengo umodzi pangani ndowa 4 za madzi. Madzi wotsatira akuchitika mu June, July ndi September. Nthaka pansi pa zomera imasulidwa ndi namsongole.
Kusamalira kwathunthu ndi koyenera kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zomwe zimakhudza zokolola komanso kukula kwa mtengo. Koma, mu chaka choyamba cha kukula, chomera sichiri kudyetsedwa, kuchuluka kwa feteleza komwe kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yobzala sikokwanira.
Pansi pa mazira a chitumbuwa, katatu m'nyengo yonse yokula manyowa: Pamapeto pa masika mu March, kumapeto kwa May - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, pa nthawi ya kukula kwa mazira, ndipo lachitatu - mu July kapena August, pamene mutayika masamba a mbewu yatsopano. Wamaluwa amalangizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito feteleza.
M'chaka chachiwiri Kukula maula kudyetsedwa fetereza ndi nayitrogeni wokhutira. M'chaka chachinai, amadyetsedwa ndi salt ndi phosphorous-potaziyamu, amadziwika m'dzinja m'munda kukumba.
Kwa ambiri zinthu zosamalira pakuti mtengo wa chitumbuwa ukhoza kutchulidwa:
• Kudzetsa udzu.
• Kuyala nthaka pozungulira dzenje.
• Kutentha kwa nthaka. Peat, kompositi kapena humus zosakaniza ndi choko kapena dolomite ufa amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Kupanga korona.
• Kumenyana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
Kukula maula, muyenera kukumbukira kuti n'kosatheka kufalitsa masamba m'chilimwe, kuti muthe kuwotcha masamba, poyamba ndi bwino kuyesa nthambi imodzi, kenako yonse.
Chisamaliro
Kuteteza tizilombo ndi matenda
Cherry plum amadwala matenda oterowo, monga imvi yovunda (monoliosis), bulauni malo, nthomba, dzimbiri, mankhwala a chingamu.
Malo ofiira amaoneka pamasamba ngati mawanga, masamba pang'onopang'ono adzauma ndi kugwa. Mankhwala osakaniza amawonetseredwa mu zomera zowonongeka kale. Vuto lovunda limakhudza mphukira zomwe zimafalikira pa nthawi, chipatso cha mtengo chikuvunda, ndi kukula kwakukulu kumapangidwe pamalo awo.
Pamakhala ndi nthomba, mawanga osiyanasiyana amawonekera pa masamba, mtundu umakhala wobiriwira mmalo mwa wobiriwira - marble, zipatso zimatenga mawonekedwe osiyana, ndi zonunkhira mtsogolo. Matenda ngati dzimbiri amawonekera pamphepete mwa kapepala kamene amaoneka ngati mdima, kenako amagwa, ndipo mtengo ukhoza kufa ngakhale pang'ono.
Cherry plum matendawa monga chiwombankhanga, kachilomboka kakang'ono ka Gypsy khungwe, kachilombo kakang'ono kakang'ono, njenjete.
Ngakhale mazira a chitumbuwa amawoneka osagonjetsedwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, matenda a fungal amakhalanso ndi zotsatira zoipa. Ndi powdery mildew, monilial kutentha. Pofuna kuteteza chomera, nkofunika kuchita zotetezera, mwachitsanzo, kuwotcha ndi kuchotsa nthambi zokhudzana ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, kutulutsa uthenga wabwino, kuchotsa makungwa akale ndi zipatso zowononga, masamba osweka ndi kuchotsa namsongole. Mabala pa mtengo wa mtengo amatsukidwa ndi kusamalidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mothandizidwa ndi mkuwa wa sulfate.
Kupanga mitengo
M'chaka choyamba, mutabzala, pangani korona wa nthusi ya chitumbuwa. Zimaphatikizapo nambala yambiri ya chigoba, kukula kwake, mapangidwe a nthambi zachiwiri ndi zachitatu ndi mitengo yomwe imabereka zipatso. Pamene kupanga korona wa chomera, kudulira, kufupikitsidwa ndi thinned cuttings.
U ma chitumbuwa Pangani mitundu iwiri ya korona - popanda womangiriza, wosawerengeka ndi womangidwa, theka-lathyathyathya ndi lathyathyathya. Koma mitundu ina ya korona imagwiritsidwanso ntchito - mpanda ndi palmetta. Ambiri mitengo imadulidwa ngati mawonekedwe opanda korona ndi korona wooneka ngati chikho.
Cherry plum kudula ndipo mu April, ndi mu chilimwe, ndi mu kugwa. Koma, ndi zabwino komanso kukonza mitengo mumtunda, musanayambe kuphulika, kwinakwake mu March kapena April. Kutulutsa nthambi pa nthawiyi kulibe zopweteka. Ndipo kuchokera ku nthambi zodulidwa madzi samathamanga, ndipo amachiza mofulumira.
Kudulira kotentha Chitani kokha pamene kukonzekera kochepa kuli kofunika, kapena kukonzekera. Dulani nthambi zowuma ndi zosafunikira, ndi zomwe zikukula mkati mwa korona.
Kutulukira kwadulidwa Maluwa a chitumbuwa amangofuna kuti asungidwe. Simungadandaule kwambiri kuti kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zambiri, mwinamwake kukhudza fruiting. Matenda odwala ndi owuma amafunika kutsukidwa, monga angathe kunyamula tizirombo ndi tizilombo tikhoza kukhala mwa iwo omwe amakhudza mtengo. Dulani nthambi zowonongeka, ndi zomwe sizingathe kubereka zipatso.
M'nyengo yozizira, kudulira sikungatheke. Chifukwa cha mphukira ozizira zimakhala zowopsya ndipo zimatha kuswa, ndipo mabalawo amachiza kwa nthawi yaitali.
Feteleza
Chaka chilichonse, pansi pa mtengo wamtengo wapatali, kumayambiriro kwa autumn, organic feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, pafupifupi theka la chidebe cha humus kapena kompositi pa 1 m². Ndipo kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mwamsanga pamene mitengo ottsvetut, ndikatikatikati mwa chilimwe, chomeracho chimafuna urea, chimabweretsedwa mu mtengo wa mtengo. Kudyetsa kwina kumapanga potaziyamu sulphate, pafupifupi 30 magalamu. pa 1 m².
Kuthirira
Mitengo yaing'ono, mutabzala pansi ndikudulira, madzi. Nkhokwe 4 za madzi zimaonedwa kuti ndizozolowezi kuthirira pa mtengo umodzi. Madzi otsatiridwawa amachitikira kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ya chilimwe, pafupifupi kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi maulendo atatu.
Zima
M'nyengo yozizira, chisanu chimakhudza mizu ndi makungwa a mtengo. Dzuwa lozizira m'nyengo yozizira lingawotchere alyche, ndipo nyengo yachisanu yomwe imakhala ngati matalala kapena matalala pa nthambi ingathe kuwathyola.
Mizu ya mizu masamba a mulch kumapeto kwa autumn. Kuphatikizira kumachitika pa theka la bayonet ya fosholo, udzu, utuchi, peat akuwonjezeredwa - zonsezi zikuphatikizidwa ndi nthaka, ndipo phulusa limaphatikizidwa, lomwe limatha kuteteza mtengo ku bowa ndi mbewa.
Thunthu la mtengo kuyamba mulch pamaso pa isanayambike woyamba chisanu, osavomerezeka pamaso, monga makungwa akhoza kusungunuka ndi kuwonongeka. Chipale chofewa choyamba chimaponyedwa pamwamba pa mulch ndi fosholo, zomwe zimapanga chipale chofewa chokwera kwambiri, chomwe ndi chitsimikizo cha kuvulaza kwa chisanu.
Nthaka kusiya kugwira ntchito mpaka kumayambiriro kwa September. Nyengo yozizira pamwamba pa mtengo ikhoza kuthandiza fetereza ya phosphate, imapangidwa mu August. Musaiwale za whitewashing mitengo ikuluikulu, yake mphanda ndi chigoba mphukira. Kwa nyengo yozizira, maula amadzazidwa ndi masamba a spruce, atakulungidwa ndi sacking.
