Zemklunika Merchant - wosakanizidwa wa mabulosi awiri m'munda mwanu

Zemklunika Kupchikha adapezeka pamasamba pafupifupi zaka ziwiri zapitazo. Zosiyanasiyana zidayambitsidwa ku State Register mu 2017, koma m'nthawi yochepa kutchuka kwa haibridi kufalikira kale ku Russia, mayiko oyandikana ndi intaneti. Pali makanema ambiri, zolemba ndi ndemanga zoperekedwa pamitundu iyi. Wophatikiza wosankha zoweta wakwanitsa kupambana mitima ya anthu ambiri wamaluwa ndi apadera.

Chiyambi cha mitundu

Mzimayi wamalondayo adapezeka ndi kudutsa masipulosi a munda wamtunda wokhala ndi zipatso zazikuluzikulu ndi masisitera aku Europe, omwe amatchedwanso ma sitiroberi apamwamba, sitiroberi weniweni komanso ngakhale mabulosi a nati. Zotsatira zake zinali dredge wokhala ndi zitsamba zokuzungulira. Panthawi ya maluwa, maluwa amenewa amawoneka okongola kwambiri: maluwa okongola ngati chipale chofewa amatuluka pamwamba pa masamba owondera komanso opindika. Mwinanso, pakuwoneka bwino kwambiri, mitunduyi idatchedwa Mtsikana Wamalonda.

Zosiyanasiyana Zogulitsa zimatsimikizira dzina lake ndi maluwa ochuluka komanso okongola

Patent yamtunduwu ndi ya Bryansk Agricultural University ndi All-Russian Institute of Horticulture and Nursery (FGBNU VSTISP). Malinga ndi State Record, wosakanizidwa wavomerezedwa kuti adzalimidwe kumadera onse a Russian Federation.

Kufotokozera kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Tradesikazi

Tchire la Merchant ndi lozungulira, lamtunda, 20-30 cm. Masamba amakhala ozunguliridwa, okhala ndi malo osalala komanso owala. M'mphepete pali mano akulu ndi osalala. Tsamba lililonse limakhala ndi loboti itatu, petiole wapakati ndi yayitali kuposa mapesi am'mbali.

Makhalidwe a gulu la Merchant: zozungulira zamasamba ndi ma cloves pa iwo, tsamba la masamba, chitsamba

Pamasamba, pubescence ndiwosasinthika, koma petioles imakutidwa ndi tsitsi lopendekera pansi. Masharubu a Tradesikazi amakula pang'ono, ndi apakatikati kukula, amakhala ndi tint yofiyira. Ndipo mitunduyi imakhala yopatsa zipatso zambiri, ngakhale azaka zoyambirira amapatsa ana 10 thonje, lililonse lili ndi zipatso za 10-15.

Kanema: Wogulitsa mchaka choyamba atamatera

Mwa kukhwima masiku zemklunik amatanthauza nyengo yapakati. Deti la kusonkhanitsa koyamba limatengera nyengo nyengo komanso dera lolimidwa, mkati mwanjira imagwera koyambirira kwa Julayi. Zipatso zoyambirira ndizazikulu kwambiri, mpaka 6cm, kutalika - 3 cm, kulemera - 3,7 g, pazitali - 17 g, komabe, wamaluwa adalandiranso zazikulu - 20-30 g iliyonse. Kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi, mutha kutolera zipatso za 500 g. Mapangidwe ake ndi apamwamba, okakamira, zipatso zina zimafanana ndi scapula.

Zipatso zoyambirira zimakhala zazikulu, zofanana

Pamwambapo zipatso zakupsa ndi zofiirira zakuda ndi utoto wofiirira, mnofu umakhalanso wofiyira, wokoma pang'ono. Kununkhirako ndikokoma, popanda wowawasa, koma osati shuga, pali fungo labwino la sitiroberi. Tradesikazi adalandira kulawa kwapamwamba kwambiri - 5 point. Mabulosi ndiwotsekemera ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhala wandiweyani, amasungidwa bwino ndipo amalekerera mayendedwe. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhudzidwa pang'ono ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Tradesikazi ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi chilala komanso osazizira.

Kukula kwa kubwezeretsa Merchant

Zokolola za mbewu iliyonse zimatengera mtundu wobzala komanso malo omwe mungapatse omwe akukhala nawo patsamba lanu. Kukonzekera dothi ndikofunikanso. M'malo ovutika ndi nthaka, feteleza wochulukirapo akuyenera kuthiridwa.

Kusankha kwampando

Ndichizolowezi kusankha malo owotchera mbewu zamabulosi, koma Merchant imatha kumera pang'ono. Kuyandikana ndi peyala yoyala kapena mtengo wa apulo sikungamuvulaze, m'malo mwake, tsiku lina tchire lobwezeretsako lidzatetezedwa ku dzuwa lotentha. Zikatero, zipatso zimacha nthawi yayitali, koma zimakulanso.

Kugulitsa Merchant m'malo opanda mpweya wabwino pomwe nthaka simumauma kwa nthawi yayitali atasungunuka chisanu kapena mvula siyilola. Mukunyowa, ngakhale pa Merchant yoletsa matenda, bowa wa imvi zowola, zoyera kapena zofiirira zimatha kukhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mumabzala mbeu zazing'ono pambuyo mbatata kapena phwetekere, pali mwayi wopatsira iwo mochedwa ndi vuto. Pewani oyandikana nawo ndi raspberries, dredges ali ndi matenda omwewo ndi tizirombo.

Nthawi zambiri kwa sitiroberi amamanga mabedi okhala ndi matabwa opangidwa ndi matabwa kapena njerwa.

Kubzala zipatso, kukonza nthaka ndi mbande

Mamevu masharubu amabedi awo angabzalidwe nthawi yonse yotentha: kuyambira kasupe, monga nthaka thaws, mpaka nthawi yophukira. Chachikulu ndikuti ali ndi nthawi yokhazikika pansi chisanu woyamba. Sungani mbande zomwe zinagulitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe pachiwonetsero chazizira komanso chowala panthawiyi, mpaka nthawi yobwerera isayime. Zomera izi zimasungidwa m'chipinda chapansi kapena mufiriji pakumazizira kwambiri nyengo yachisanu; sizimasinthidwa mwanjira za msewu, makamaka, pakusintha kwa kutentha. Zotheka kwambiri kuti adzafa pakuwuma koyamba.

Nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa bedi la sitiroberi imafunika kukumba, kale ndikumwaza mabatani 1-2 a humus kapena kompositi ndi magalasi awiri a phulusa pa 1 m² pamtunda. Zitha kukhala zothandiza kuthira madzi ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate (1 g pa 10 malita a madzi) kapena sulfate yamkuwa (100 g pa 10 malita a madzi). Chifukwa chake mumaletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka.

Ikani mbande ndi mizu yotseguka m'madzi kwa maola 2-3, ndi yotseka - madzi ambiri. Itha kuthandizidwa ndimawu olimbikitsira mizu: fumbi mizu ndi ufa wa muzu, utsi usanachitike mutabzala ndi yankho la epin (1 ml pa 5 l yamadzi).

Kanema: mfundo zofunikira kubzala sitiroberi wamunda

Njira ndi malamulo oyendetsera

Bzalani mayi wamalonda molingana ndi mtundu wa masentimita 50x50. Chaka choyamba cha mabedi obzala chimawoneka chopanda kanthu, kotero malo obzala amatha kutsanulidwa ndi adyo, anyezi, katsabola, parsley, nyemba, letesi, radishes, marigold kapena marigold ochepa.

Magawo Aakulu:

Pangani dzenje lolingana ndi kukula kwa mizu.
Ikani mmera mu dzenje, kuwongola mizu. Ngati munagula dredger mumikapu, ndiye kuti, ndi mizu yotsekedwa, ndiye kuti muiike ndi transshipment, ndi mtanda wapansi, osasokoneza mizu.
Dzazani mizu kuti petioles zonse ndi timapepala komanso mtima (impso pakati pa chitsamba) ikhale pansi. Pendekerani pansi pang'ono.
Pa nsonga ya tchire ndi kumbuyo kwa manja anu kapena scoop, pangani poyambira 3-5cm ndikuyithirira. Poterepa, simudzaza mtima, simudzakoka litsiro.
Mulingo wothirira. Phimbani dziko lonse m'mundamo ndi mulch kuchokera ku utuchi wowola, udzu kapena udzu wowuma.

Zemklunika wobzalidwa molondola: Mitima simakutidwa ndi nthaka, nthaka yonse ya pabedi idakutidwa ndi mulch kuti isunge chinyontho

Kusamalira Wogulitsa

Kulima dimba kungabzalidwe malo amodzi osaposa zaka 4. Pazaka zambiri, mabakiteriya ndi tizirombo timadziunjikira pansi, tchire limafota, ndipo zokolola zimachepa kwambiri. Koma kufikira nthawi iyi, Wogulitsa amasangalatsa ndi zokolola zambiri, makamaka ngati mumamupatsa chisamaliro chabwino.

Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa

Tradesikazi imalekerera kutentha, koma osati chilala. Dothi lomwe lili pansi pa mulch liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse. Potentha, ndikofunikira kuthirira masamba. Kumwaza kumaletsedwa pokhapokha kukweza ndi kucha zipatso. Pakadali pano, kuti tisayambitse imvi, madzi pansi pazu. Pansi pa chitsamba chimodzi, gwiritsani ntchito malita 1-2 a madzi. Thirirani nthawi iliyonse nthaka ikadzalira pansi pa tchire. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, nthawi yamvula ikayamba, palibe chifukwa chothirira madzi. Kuthirira chisanadze nyengo yachisanu kumafunikira pokhapokha pakalibe mvula, kuchuluka kwake kuli kokwanira nthawi 1.5 kuposa masiku onse.

Njira yodontha imathandizira kuthetsa vuto la kuthirira nthawi zonse.

Kuchulukana kwa feteleza kumatengera kapangidwe ka dothi m'dera lanu. Ngati Merchant mkazi amakula bwino: tchire ndilamtali, wandiweyani, masamba ndi akulu, wobiriwira wakuda, ndiye kuti zovala zinayi zapamwamba zikukwanira nyengo:

Mu April, atangowola dothi: 50 g wa urea pa 10 malita a madzi kapena 1-2 tbsp. l ammonia madzi pa 10 malita. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ovuta opangidwira ma sitiroberi ndi sitiroberi zamtchire: Gummi-Omi, Fertika, BioGumus, etc.
M'chilimwe, nthawi yamaluwa: 50 g nitroammophoski pa 10 malita kapena kulowetsedwa kwa nettle ndi maudzu (kuchepetsedwa mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 5 ndi madzi, kuphatikiza kapu ya phulusa pachidebe). Kapena bwerezani kuvala kwapamwamba ndi feteleza wovuta.
Mukatha kukolola, bwerezani kuvala kwam'mbuyomu.
Kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti, maluwa atayikidwa chaka chamawa, utsi kapena kuthira masamba ndi yankho la urea (50 g pa 10 l).

Mtundu uliwonse wamtundu wa zipatso ndi mabulosi nthawi yamaluwa imayamwa kudya boron. Sungunulani 2 g ya boric acid mu madzi okwanira 1 litre ndikuthira mitsitsi molingana ndi mitundu yawo.

Zovala zonse zapamwamba pamwambazi zimagwiranso ntchito ngati zongopeka, ndiye kuti simungawope kupita kwawo pamasamba. Kumwa pachitsamba chilichonse - 0.5-1 l. Ngati m'bale wanu wa Trades akukulira bwino, masamba ali ochepa, tchire ndilochepa, petioles ndiotetepa, ndiye kuti mumadyetsa feteleza wambiri masiku 10 mpaka 10 mpaka mbewuzo zitayamba kukusangalatsani ndi maonekedwe abwino.

Kanema: Udzu wobiriwira ndi feteleza wobiriwira wobiriwira

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Mabasi a Merchant amakula bwino osati chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayamba chifukwa cha matenda ndi tizirombo. Zizindikiro zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri ndi izi: mawanga pamasamba, m'mphepete, masamba amawuma, thumba losunga mazira limagwa, zipatso zimawuma kapena zowola, mbewu zimasiyidwa pambuyo paumoyo.

Gome: matenda ofala kwambiri komanso tizirombo ta sitiroberi

Matenda / tizilombo	Kufotokozera	Njira zolimbana
Maonekedwe a bulauni	Malo amtundu wamtundu wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwake kumawonekera pakati pa mitsempha ya masamba.	Matenda onse atatuwa ndi fungal, motero amathandizidwa chimodzimodzi: Popewa kutumphuka masika, matalala atasungunuka, musanayambe maluwa ndi kututa, gwiritsani ntchito phytosporin gwiritsani ntchito (2 tbsp. Per 10 l yamadzi), pinki ya potaziyamu yowala ya potaziyamu, mkaka seramu (1 l pa 10 l), ayodini kapena wobiriwira wanzeru (40 madonthi pachidebe chamadzi). Pazizindikiro zoyambirira, mankhwalawa ndi fungicide iliyonse yamkuwa: HOM (40 g pa 10 l ya madzi), sulphate ya mkuwa (50 g pa 10 l), 1% Bordeaux yamadzimadzi, yankho la Skor (2 ml pa 10 l). Bwerezani nthawi zina zowonjezera 1-2 ndi masiku 10-14. Chotsani zipatso ndi masamba m'mundawo ndikuwawotcha.
Mawonekedwe oyera	Masamba amaphimbidwa ndi mawanga ozungulira amtundu woyera wokhala ndi malire ofiira kapena ofiirira.
Gray zowola	Utoto wonyezimira wamafuta umawoneka pa zipatso, mnofu pansi pake umakhala wamadzi ndi woderapo.
Strawberry Rasipiberi Weevil	Tizilombo timeneti timatha kuzindikira ndi nthochi yayitali, yotchedwa rostrum. Tizirombo timatuluka m'nyengo yozizira, kudya masamba, mate. Akazi kuboola masamba, kugona dzira lililonse. Petiole m'munsi mwa tchire, amatafuna. Mphukira yoyamba imavutika, pomwe zipatso zazikulu kwambiri zimatha kukula. Mphutsi zimatha kudya zonsezo, masamba ake amakhala owuma.	Pa nthawi ya peduncle kukulira komanso mukakolola, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo: karbofos (60 g pa 10 l ya madzi), actara (2 g pa 10 l), intavir (piritsi 1 pa 10 l). Panyengo yophukira, nthawi yotentha masana ili pansi + 10⁰C, masula dothi pakati pa kanjira ndi pansi pa tchire kuti muwononge malo achisanu.
Strawberry mite	Tizirombo tating'onoting'ono tili tating'ono kwambiri, sawoneka ndi maso, kotero kupezeka kwawo kungatsimikizidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha sitiroberi: musatukule, musatsegule masamba ang'onoang'ono ochokera mumtima. Amakhala olimba mwamphamvu, m'mphepete amapotoza mkati, amakhala ndimtambo wachikasu; zipatso ndi zazing'ono komanso zowuma; tchire amaundana nyengo yachisanu. M'nyengo yotentha, mibadwo 6 ya sitiroberi imatha kukula.	Kumayambiriro koyambira, dzazani mabedi ndi madzi otentha (55-60⁰C). Pakutentha kapena mutakolola nyengo yotentha kwa masiku awiri, kuphimba bedi lakumunda ndi filimu kuti mpweya usalowe pansi pake. Kutentha komwe kuli pansi pa filimuyo kudzakwera kufika pa 60-70itesC, nthata zidzafa, masamba a sitiroberi adzawotcha, koma atsopano, athanzi adzakula kuchokera m'mitima. Kuchokera pa nthawi yomwe muchoke pansi pa chipale chofewa ndikuyenda pakhungu ndi masiku 10, kutsanulira ndi ma acaricides: actelikom (2 ml pa 2 l) madzi, fufanon (10 ml pa 10 l), etc. Bwerezani chithandizo mukakolola.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa: matenda ndi tizilombo toopsa to Merchant

: Masamba ambiri amakhala oderako ndikufa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti dredger akudwala ndi bulauni

: Mawonekedwe oyera ozungulira okhala ndi malire owala - chizindikiro cha mawanga oyera

: Ngati zipatsozo zaphimbidwa ndi utoto wofiyira, ndipo pansi pake zimasanduka zofiirira ndi zowola, mbewuyo imakhudzidwa ndi zowola imvi

: Weevil atachoka nyengo yachisanu amadya masamba achinyamata

: Masamba okhala ndi mphutsi zamkati zimapachikika, ngati kuti pali chingwe, chowuma komanso chosatha

: Zizindikiro zonse za kuwonongeka kwa mite: masamba ang'ono amapotozedwa, amakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu, zipatso zimakhala zazing'ono komanso zowuma. Komanso pachitsamba pali malo oyera

Ngati tchire zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo, ndiye mukakolola, sinthanitsani munda wonse, ndikusiya mitima yokha. Wotani masamba, ndikuwathandizanso kunsi kwa mankhwala opatsirana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo, adyetseni. Pofika nthawi yophukira, tchire latsopano labwino limakula.

Kutola zipatso

Zokolola zam'munda zimakololedwa m'magawo angapo, masiku awiri aliwonse. Merchant ili ndi mabulosi akuthwa, samayenda, samatenthedwa, imatha kunyamulidwa, kusungidwa mufiriji, ngakhale kutentha kwa chipinda mpaka masiku 5. Zipatso zamtunduwu ndizakudya zabwino, zimapaka ndi shuga ndikudya ndi zonona, zimawonjezeredwa ndi ayisikilimu ndikukongoletsa makeke. Zowonjezera zowuma ndizouma, zouma, kupanikizana, zipatso zosafunikira, kupanikizana. Tradesikazi ndiwofunikiranso pa winemaking. Amatulutsa zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi ma tinctures, liqueurs ndi cocktails.

Kanema: Zowopsa ndi mapindu a sitiroberi

Pogona nyengo yachisanu

Kaya pakufunika pobisalira Tradesikazi nthawi yachisanu zimatengera dera lomwe wakula. Kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kwapakatikati, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nyengo yachisanu komanso yopanda chisanu tchire limatha kufa. Palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa za malo ogona ngati chipale chofewa chigwera m'dera lanu posachedwa kuzizira kwambiri (m'munsi -20⁰-).

Chitetezo chabwino ku chisanu ndi nthambi za spruce. Mutha kukonzanso nthambi zobiriwira za birch, mapulo, chitumbuwa cha mbalame, katsitsulo, ndi zina zotentha. Masamba a katsabola, rasipiberi, mphukira za mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba zomwe zimapezeka mutadulira ndizoyenera. Ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito agrofibre, opindidwa m'magawo angapo. Chachikulu ndikuti pobisalira limadutsa mpweya ndipo silowola m'mundamo. Chapakatikati, chisanu chitasungunuka, zonse zowonjezera pamakulidwe zimayenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo dothi liyenera kumasulidwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi mulch watsopano.

Zemklunika wokutidwa ndi spruce nthawi yachisanu - izi zimapulumutsa mbewuyi mu ozizira kwambiri

Ndemanga za Merchant wosakanizidwa

Zemkulnik Kupchikha yodzalidwa chilimwe ndidabzala ine, zipatso zambiri, ndizokoma kwambiri, koma chinthu chimodzi - zimakhudzidwa kuposa ena omwe ali ndi imvi zowola. Kununkhirako ndikokoma, kopanda shuga komanso popanda acidity, osati madzi, chifukwa chake ndibwino kunyamula ndikusunga. Zipatsozo ndi zazikulu kwambiri.
Tanchika//dacha.wcb.ru/lofiversion/index.php?t30958.html

Mkazi wogulitsa amayenera kuyikidwa mu SHADOW. Dzuwa, chilichonse chimawuma ndikuwola, koma chidzakwanira ... M'mithunzi, zonse zimapsa komanso zikuluzikulu, zazikulu (mpaka 25 g) komanso zotsekemera.
Glavbuhsha//dacha.wcb.ru/lofiversion/index.php?t30958.html

100% mungu, wokonda kwambiri, samadwala, samazizira, sasangalatsa nkhupakupa, mabulosi samawola ngakhale mvula. Ndikusankha kusankha mabulosi ochezeka popanda chithandizo chilichonse. Lero ndidawerenga kuchuluka kwa ma peduncle pachaka ziwiri, zopangidwa bwino. Zidachitika 29 !!! Ndi zonse ndi zipatso. Mzanga wina anali ndi ma peduniking okwanira 40 pachitsamba chilichonse. Ndikuwona chitsamba ichi, ndikufuna kuwerengetsa zokolola zenizeni. Chaka chatha, zipatso zouma, kenako pogaya zouma pa chopukusira khofi, zidawonjezera tiyi wozizira ndi makeke. Kununkhira ndi bomba chabe !!!. Palibe chilichonse mwa mtundu wanga wabwino wa sitiroberi kapena mtundu wa sitiroberi chomwe chimandipatsa kukoma.
Tezier//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11716

Ndizokongola kwambiri pomwe magulu a maluwa a Tradesikazi amangochita maluwa - ngati kapeti oyera oyera, ndipo onse amakwanira ndi mabulosi - osiyanasiyana kukula, koma ndizosavuta komanso kosavuta kututa kuposa, mwachitsanzo, zipatso zazing'ono - pamenepo ndimakonda kudula inflorescence ndikumadzatola ... Berries Ogulitsa samayenda, amakhala owuma mumapangidwe, ngakhale mutaluma, thupi limakhala lokoma komanso losangalatsa.
Luda Avina//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11716

Wogulitsa akhoza kutchedwa osiyanasiyana kwa aulesi. Ngati dredge ibzalidwe m'nthaka yachonde, pamalo omwe mpweya wabwino ndi wotentha ndi dzuwa, ndiye kuti chisamaliro chimachepetsedwa ndikuthilira ndi masharubu. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi nthawi yambiri, mbewuyo imakhala yolemera, zipatso zake ndi zokoma komanso zonunkhira.