Mafakitale amakono a kulima shuga beet kuchokera ku kufesa ndikusunga mbewu

Tonsefe tikudziwa kuti shuga m'dziko lathu makamaka imapezeka ku beets. Koma, monga zanakhalira, njira yobzala mbewuyi ndi yovuta ndipo siili yopindulitsa ngakhale kwa mlimi wodziwa zambiri.

Nyerere zimafuna khama lalikulu komanso nthawi kuti lipeze zokolola zambiri.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za sayansi ya shuga ya beet, momwe mungamere, kukolola ndi kusunga mbewu. Komanso tiyeni tiyankhule za matenda ndi tizilombo toononga komanso njira zothetsera mavuto.

Kukonzekera kuchokera pa ha 1

Pali mitundu yambiri ya beets. Koma shuga ndi wotchuka kwambiri. Pakukonzekera kwake, shuga, zamkati ndi masewesi amapezeka mwachindunji. Molasses imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera mowa ndi yisiti, ndipo zamkati ndi chakudya cha ng'ombe. Dothi lina la beets lingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga feteleza. Mwachindunji za teknoloji yopanga shuga ku shuga beet, kuphatikizapo pakhomo, tawuza apa, ndipo kuchokera m'nkhaniyi muphunzira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mzuwu ndi zomwe zimapezeka mu processing.

Zokolola za shuga beet pa 1 hekitala zimakhala ndi matani 18 mpaka 30.

Thandizo! Zinalembedwa zolembera za mbeuyi - matani 50 pa hekitala.

Tekeni yamakono yokula mbewu kuchokera ku mbewu

Kodi ndikuti ndigule mbewu zingati?

Ngati tilankhula za mitu ikuluikulu ya dziko lathu, ndiye kuti m'madera amenewa mitengo ikusiyana pang'ono. Choncho mwachitsanzo ku Moscow, kilogalamu imodzi yambewu imadya pafupifupi ruble 650. Ali ku St. Petersburg mungapeze kalasi yomweyi komanso ma ruble 500.

Inde, ngati mupita kudera lanu, mudzatha kugula mbewu ngakhale yotchipa.

Nthawi yobwera

Kufesa masiku m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko lathu sikumagwirizana pang'ono ndi kudalira nyengo.

1. M'madera omwe kumakhala chinyezi nthawi zonse (North-Western zigawo za dziko), mukhoza kulima beets, kuyambira m'ma April.
2. M'madera ena (chilumba cha Crimea ndi Caucasus), sikuyeneranso kuchedwa kufesa.

Nthawi yotsiriza ndiyo kutha kwa April kapena masabata oyambirira a May.

Apo ayi, pamwamba pake nthaka imayamba kuuma, nthenda zambiri ndi tizilombo toononga timadzipangidwira mmenemo, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri zizindikiro zokolola.

Malo oti afike

Kawirikawiri, agronomist amasankha minda yomwe amamera nyengo yozizira, mbewu za masika ndi zomera zowonongeka, chifukwa ndizo zoyenera kutsogolo za beets (kuti mudziwe kumene kuli beets, nyengo ndi nthaka zomwe amakonda, werengani pano). Musabzale mbeu panthaka yomwe idabzalidwa kale:

• chimanga;
• fakitale;
• rapese;
• nyemba zosatha ndi udzu.

Muyenera kusankha malo omwe angayambe mokwanira. Chifukwa chopanda kuwala, masamba a masamba amakula pokhapokha pa tsamba la masamba, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa zipatso.

Kodi nthaka iyenera kukhala yotani?

Mitundu yotsatirayi ikuyenera bwino pakukula beet:

• zoweta ndi zowonjezeka bwino;
• choyimira;
• sod-podzolic loamy;
• dothi lamchenga.

Zomwe anakumana nazo agronomists amalimbikitsa kupewa kubzala shuga beet pa dothi:

• zitsamba;
• nthaka yamchenga.

Nkofunika kusankha gawo lapansi lomwe lidzasunga madzi kwa nthawi yaitali, koma pa nthawi yomweyi mpweya uziyenda bwino, kupewa kuphulika kwake.

Acidity sayenera kulowerera kapena yofooka.

Kufesa ndondomeko

Tsopano za malamulo oyesa kufesa ndi kuchuluka kwa momwe zimakhalira - kuchuluka kwa chida chofesa. Zomwe zimabzala ziyenera kubzalidwa m'nthaka yabwino, yomwe imayenera kutenthedwa ndi madigiri osachepera 6. Ndikofunika kunena zimenezo shuga beet imalekerera chisanu bwino koma, ndithudi, izo zidzakula bwino kokha pa kutentha pamwamba + madigiri 15.

Mbewu imayenera kudzalidwa m'mizere, kuchoka pakati pa mzere uliwonse kwa theka la mita. Izi ndizofunikira kwa katswiri wa agronomist: kukonza ndi kumasula dziko lapansi. Mozama, mbewu siziikidwa mozama kuposa masentimita asanu. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mbeu yabwino ikhale yotsika, muyenera kuthirira mbewuzo musanafese osachepera tsiku.

Kufesa mlingo wa unit - 1.2-1.3 kufesa unit pa hekitala (malingana ndi nyengo).

Kukula, zokolola ndi zokolola

Kutentha kwa mpweya

Mbewu yazuzu idzakhazikika, ngati kutentha kunja kuli pansi pa madigiri 20. Palibe cholakwika ndi chipatso sichidzachitika ngati atapulumuka mausiku ambiri ndi chisanu. Ngati, pambuyo pa mbande zoyamba kutuluka, nyengo imakhala yozizira kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi bwino kubisa chikhalidwe ndi filimu, kukonza mtundu wa wowonjezera kutentha. Izi zidzateteza ma beets kuti asazizire.

Kutentha kwa mpweya

M'chizindikiro ichi, chikhalidwe ndi kudzichepetsa. Adzalekerera pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka kwa chinyezi komanso kuchepa kwa chinyezi. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti nthaka nthawi yowuma kwambiri iyenera kusungunuka bwino.

Kusamba madzi

Ndikofunika kusankha ulimi wothirira, malinga ndi momwe nthaka imakhalira. Ayenera kuuma pafupifupi masentimita asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri kuchokera pansi pake. Ngati agronomist akutsatira ndondomeko zowonongeka kwa nthaka, mbeuyo idzawonetsa zokolola zambiri. Komabe, kuthirira sizingatheke, chifukwa kuwonongeka koteroko kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mbewu.

Kupaka pamwamba

1. Pakali pano, agronomists amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga fetereza pa nthaka osati manyowa okha, komanso nyengo yozizira tirigu udzu. Tani imodzi ya udzu umadyetsa nthaka katatu kapena kanayi kuposa manyowa omwewo.
2. Musanafese, mungathe kupanga zokonzera zokonzekera madzi kuphatikizapo feteleza.
3. Kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwa mbewu, iwo ayenera kukhala ndi phosphorous, chifukwa ndi chinthu chomwe chimadyeka kwambiri.
4. Mukangowona kuti masamba akuyamba kukula, yadyetsani shuga beet ndi potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni.
5. Pafupifupi miyezi iwiri ndi theka kuchokera pamene mbande zoyamba zimayambira, nkofunika kuyamba kudya ndi feteleza ovuta, kuphatikizapo nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, ndi phosphorous. Chitani izi mwachinyengo milungu iwiri yonse kwa masiku 45.
6. Kulephera kwa boron kumakhudza chitukuko cha mbewu zowononga - matenda ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tingayambe. Choncho, kamodzi pamwezi, boron ayenera kulowa mu miyambo ya chikhalidwe.

Chithandizo cha dothi ndi herbicides kwa chitetezo cha namsongole

Thandizo! Pofuna kuteteza nthaka kumsongole, tiyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka mu Register Register. Kokha mwa njira iyi akhoza katswiri wamagulu kumateteza motsutsana ndi katundu wodalirika.

Herbicide ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa chikhalidwe choyambirira. kapena pambuyo pake nthawi yophukira. Ndikoyenera kusiya ntchito yawo nthawi yamvula.

Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito chida kuchokera kumsongole ndipo pambuyo poyamba mphukira. Koma izi ziyenera kuchitika kokha pamene kutentha kwa mlengalenga ndi nthaka zimakhala zofanana. Ngati, pambuyo pa kukonza herbicides, maola 6 sichinafike, ndipo idayamba kugwa, chithandizocho chiyenera kubwerezedwa.

Njira zina zothandizira

Hilling Chofunika cha njirayi ndikumwaza mapesi a zomera ndi nthaka yonyowa. Njirayi ili ndi ubwino wambiri:

• kumathandiza kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka;
• samalola leaching ya zakudya;
• amapanga mizu yolimba;
• kumalimbikitsa kayendedwe ka mpweya ndi madzi;
• kumenyana namsongole.

Kuphatikizira ndikutseka kwa nthaka ndi mulch kuti muteteze. Kukonza kumeneku n'kofunikira kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiziteteza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso kusintha kwa kutentha. Komanso, nthaka sumaumitsa ndipo sichimasanduka mchere pambuyo kuthirira.

Kuyeretsa

Nthawi yokolola imasinthidwa ngati masamba a masamba ataya chifukwa cha zifukwa zina (izi zikhoza kukhala chilala kapena, mosiyana, kuzizira). Muyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yosonkhanitsa beets musanayambe kupanga masamba atsopano, pamene kukula kwawo kudzachitika potsalira malonda a mbewu.

Kawirikawiri, mbewu "shuga" imakololedwa mu theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa September ndipo imathandizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina.

Kusungirako

1. Mwamsanga mutatha kukolola beets amaikidwa pamapewa, omwe ali pamphepete mwa minda. Kusungirako koteroko kumaonedwa ngati pakati, koma ndikofunikira kwa zipatso. Burta imafunika kupanga udzu, ndiyeno kuphimba ndiwo zamasamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito koteroko kumateteza kuteteza beets ku chisanu, mphepo ndi mvula.
2. Ndikofunika kuyika milu m'malo omwe angakhale osowa, ngakhale nyengo yoipa.
3. Kenaka njuchi zimatengedwa kuti zikhale zowonjezera nthawi yaitali. Ikani mizu mu kagaty. Koma musanayambe kuyika ndikofunika kugawira ndiwo zamasamba m'magulu: zathanzi, komanso zipatso zopweteka pang'ono. Zipatso zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda sizingatheke kuti zisungidwe nthawi yaitali.
4. Nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti beets sayambe kumera. Popeza mizu imeneyi imayamba kufulumira. Pofuna kupewa izi, muyenera kusankha makoswe okhazikika omwe angathe kukhala mpweya wokwanira. Ndipo basi asanakhalepo, wokondedwayo amachizidwa ndi 1% yothetsera mchere wa sodium. Komanso kuchokera ku beet ayenera kudula nsongazo.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Pamene mukukula shuga beet, katswiri wa mbewu akhoza kukumana ndi mavuto otsatirawa:

• Muzu ndi zipatso zowola, nthaka tizirombo - nthawi zambiri wireworm, beet nematode;
• tizilombo zomwe zimayambitsa masamba mbale ndi utitiri, beet wakufa beet, ntchentche ntchentche, aphid.

Kupewa mavuto osiyanasiyana

Pofuna kupeŵa chitukuko cha matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, m'pofunika kutsatira ndondomeko zosavuta:

1. sankhani malo abwino odzala;
2. kukonza nthaka nthawi;
3. sankhani oyambirira oyenera;
4. Sungani nyemba musanayambe mbeu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
5. gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuti athetse tizilombo towononga.

Sayansi ya shuga beet kulima sizothandiza nthaŵi zonse. Panthawi imeneyi, pali mavuto ambiri okwanira, choncho sikuti aphunzitsi onse azachita bizinesiyi. Komabe, palinso ubwino pano - mpikisano pamsika si waukulu kwambiri.