Kodi kubzala ndi kukula nkhaka "Paratunka"

Zamasamba zatsopano zimapezeka patebulo lathu, koma imodzi mwa okalamba kwambiri "makasitomala" ndi nkhaka. Masiku ano pali mitundu yambiri yosiyana. Ena mwa iwo ali oyambirira, pakati, mochedwa, wosakanizidwa ndi zomera zochokera mungu. M'nkhani ino tikambirana za oyambirira wosakanizidwa "Paratunka F1".

Zamkatimu:

• Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola
• Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
• Nthaka ndi feteleza
• Mavuto akukula
• Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba
• Kukonzekera Mbewu
• Zokhudzana ndi malo
• Njira yobzala mbewu
• Kusamalira mmera
• Kuwaza mbande pansi
• Agrotechnics ikukula mbewu zowonekera
• Zochitika kunja
• Njira yobzala mbewu pansi
• Kuthirira
• Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira
• Masking
• Belt girter
• Kupaka pamwamba
• Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
• Kukolola ndi kusungirako
• Mavuto ndi malingaliro

Malingaliro osiyanasiyana

Zosiyanasiyanazi sizitanthauza njuchi. Poyamba, cholinga chake chinali kulima mu greenhouses. Koma kenako zinapezeka kuti amapereka zotsatira zabwino poyera.

Onetsetsani mitundu yabwino kwambiri yokhala ndi mungu wokazinga.

Kutalika kwa chikwapu chapakati kufika pa mamita awiri. Shrub yowonjezera nthambi. Maluwa achikazi amapereka ovary 100 peresenti, yomwe ili m'magulu. 3-5 wobiriwira amakula kuchokera ku mfundo imodzi.

"Paratunka" ali ndi ubwino wotsatira:

• zipatso zoyambirira kucha;
• kudzipangira okha;
• chokolola chachikulu;
• kukhalapo kwa mitengo yopanga mazira;
• kusinthasintha kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso;
• kukana kuzizira;
• mtundu wa mtundu wa maluwa;
• Kukaniza matenda.

Koma malingaliro oterewa amawononga zolakwika zina:

• chitukuko chosauka;
• kufunika kwa kuthirira kawirikawiri;
• zovuta ndi zapakisi;
• mtengo wapatali wa mbewu.

Mbali zosiyana za nkhaka izi zikuphatikizapo izi:

• Zelentsy sungani zida zowonongeka pakukonza;
• kukolola kawirikawiri kumapangitsa kuti mapangidwe atsopano apangidwe;
• palibe malire pa kukula kwa mphukira yapakati.

Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola

"Paratunka" imasiyanitsidwa ndi zokolola zambiri (pafupifupi makilogalamu 20 pa 1 sq. M). Malo oyamba obiriwira amaonekera kale pa tsiku la 37-40th mutatha kumera.

Nkhaka zimakhala ndi thupi lokoma komanso lopweteka popanda kupsya mtima. Kukula - kuchokera pa masentimita 7 mpaka 10, kulemera - 65-90 g. Zipatso zili ndi mdima wobiriwira komanso zoyera. Tsambali liri ndi ma thomba opangira minga.

Mukudziwa? Nkhaka ndi 95% madzi, koma otsala 5% ali ndi mavitamini, mavitamini ndi kufufuza zinthu. Nkhaka zamkati zimakhala ndi salicylic acid, monga aspirin. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale Agiriki ankadziwa kuti nkhaka zimachepetsa kutentha.

Kusankhidwa kwa mbande

Nkhaka zingapangidwe ngati njira ya mmera, kapena pofesa mwachindunji pabedi la munda. Posankha mbande muyenera kuganizira:

• maonekedwe ayenera kukhala wathanzi (zomera ndi zobiriwira, masamba alibe zopweteka ndi zolephereka, tsinde silikuwongolera);
• chiwerengero cha masambawa sichiyenera kupitirira ma PC 4.

Nthaka ndi feteleza

Nthaka iliyonse ili yoyenera nkhaka, koma zokolola zabwino zingapezeke pa loams kapena zopweteka ndi ndale kapena pang'ono acidic sing'anga. Peat kapena mchenga ayenera kuwonjezedwa ku dothi la dongo. Acidity akhoza kuchepetsedwa mwa kupanga ufa wa dolomite pamene ukumba.

Onani mitundu yambiri yamakono ndi yachilendo kwambiri.

Konzani nthaka bwino mu kugwa. Kuti muchite izi, perekani manyowa ndikukumba pansi. Pazithunzi 1. M amagwiritsa ntchito makilogalamu 7 a mullein. Izi zikhoza kuchitika kumapeto kwa mwezi ndi theka musanayambe kufesa. M'chaka kukumba mchere feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (phulusa, ammonium nitrate, superphosphate). Chaka chilichonse nkhaka imayenera kubzalidwa m'malo atsopano. Anyezi, nyemba (koma osati nyemba), adyo, kolifulawa ndi oyambirira kabichi adzakhala abwino oyambirira. Ndibwino kuti musayambe mutayika nthawi yochedwa kabichi ndi kaloti.

Mavuto akukula

"Paratunku" amatanthauza zomera zosadzichepetsa. Koma, atapatsidwa zina mwazigawo (zofooka mizu), amafunika kuthiriridwa mobwerezabwereza kuposa nkhaka zina. Amalekerera kusinthasintha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku mu kutentha ndi kanthawi kozizira. Mutabzala, nkofunika kuteteza mbande ku dzuwa lotentha ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kusinthasintha. Zomera zakale sizikondanso dzuwa lotentha. Nkhaka za zosiyanasiyana kumvetsera bwino kuthirira.

Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba

Kukolola koyambirira (masabata awiri m'mbuyomu), njira ya mmera imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti musagule mbande zopangidwa kale, mukhoza kukula nokha.

Kukonzekera Mbewu

Kuwomba kumaonetsetsa kuti mbewu yoyamba ikumera. Ngati tiwonjezera makina angapo a manganese kuti tipeze madzi, ndiye kuti tidzakhalanso ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Poika mbewuyi kwa mphindi 50-60 mu kulowetsedwa kwa adyo (pa 100 g ya madzi - 30 g ya adyo), mukhoza kupiranso mankhwala. Pambuyo pake, nyembazo zophimbidwa mu nsalu yonyowa, zimasungidwa kwa masiku awiri kutentha kwa +20 ° C komanso nthawi yomweyo pazitsevu za pansi pa firiji. Kulemetsa kumapangitsa kuti mbewu zisamayesedwe pa zovuta zosiyanasiyana.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati mbeu yomwe yapezedwa yophimbidwa, ndiye kuti palibe njira zoyenera kuyambira.

Zokhudzana ndi malo

Nkhaka mbande imalola kulekerera bwino kwambiri. Choncho, kufesa kuyenera kuchitidwa pamapiritsi, peat kapu kapena muzitsulo zomwe zingathe kudulidwa mosamala kuti zisamawononge mizu.

Ngati mukufuna kukonzekera nthaka yosakaniza, mungagwiritse ntchito zotsatirazi:

• Magawo awiri a humus ndi peat;
• Gawo limodzi la utuchi;
• 2 tbsp. l phulusa ndi 1.5 tbsp. l nitrofoski (10 malita a womaliza nthaka kusakaniza).

Zitsulozi ziyenera kupangidwa ndi pepala ndipo zimasungidwa kutentha kwa 23 ... +27 ° С. Pofuna kuteteza zomera kutambasula, kutentha kwafupika kufika +20 ° С pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mphukira. Mkhalidwe wotere ukhoza kupangidwa pa galasi-mu khonde kapena loggia.

Njira yobzala mbewu

Kufesa pa mbande kumathera pafupi masabata 3-4 musanadzalemo malo okhazikika. Ndondomeko yokha ili ndi magawo otsatirawa:

1. Lembani zitsulo ndi nthaka yokonzedwa bwino.
2. Ikani mbewu imodzi kutsogolo.
3. Fukuta ndi wosanjikiza dothi kusakaniza 1-1.5 masentimita wandiweyani (palibe kufunika kuti mukhale womasuka kwambiri).
4. Mbewu zosalala ndi kuphimba ndi pepala.

Pakuti kutuluka kwa mphukira kumafunika chinyezi chokwanira ndi kutentha + 23 ... +27 ° C.

Kusamalira mmera

Pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mphukira, kutentha kwafupika kufika +20 ° C. Komanso, mbande zimafuna kuunikira kwina kuti mphukira zisatambasule. Nkhaka mbande kuyankha bwino feteleza. Pambuyo pa ma tsamba awiri enieni, akhoza kumera ndi njira yothetsera nitroammofoski (3 tsp. Yokonzekera 3 l madzi). Ndipo asanamwembe pansi, amadyetsa njirayi: 15 g wa urea, 40 g wa superphosphate ndi pafupifupi 10 g wa fetashi fetereza pa 10 malita a madzi. "Paratunka" amakonda madzi, choncho muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mpira wa padziko lapansi umakhala wouma.

Tikukudziwitsani kuti mudziwe njira zosazolowereka zowonjezera nkhaka: mu matumba, mabotolo apulasitiki, mbiya, kugwiritsa ntchito hydroponics njira.

Tikufika pansi akuchitika pamaso pa 3-4 woona masamba. Mlungu umodzi mbande isanayambe kuuma. Kuti muchite izi, tsiku lililonse kwa maola angapo ziyenera kutengedwa kupita kumalo otetezedwa ku zithunzi ndi mphepo. Kuti cholinga cha prophylaxis, mbande zikhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi epin asanadzalemo.

Kuwaza mbande pansi

Mlengalenga ikaphulika mpaka +22 ° C (kawirikawiri mapeto a May), mukhoza kuyamba kubzala mbande pamalo osatha. Pamene mutsika, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri:

• Mukamaika zomera pambali, mtunda wa pakati pa tchire ukhale 16-17 cm, ndipo pakati pa mizere - 60-70 masentimita;
• ndi kubzala kapena kusinthasintha, kuyendetsa kumachitika molingana ndi chiwembu 50 * 30 cm

Pamene kukumbutsa kukumbukiridwa kuti njirayi iyenera kuchitika popanda kuvulaza mizu. Ngati mapiritsi a peat kapena peat zidagwiritsidwa ntchito, izi zimachepetsa njira. Nthaŵi zina, amaikidwa pamtunda potsitsirana ndi dothi, potengera madzi okwanira. Mutabzala zomera, amamwetsa komanso amathirizika. Pansi powazidwa apamwamba, izo amachenjeza kuonekera kwa muzu ndi kulimbikitsa maonekedwe a zina mizu. Nthaka yozungulira chitsamba imadulidwa ndi peat kapena utuchi.

Agrotechnics ikukula mbewu zowonekera

Kuwonjezera pa njira yobzala mbewu, kubzala mbewu kumalo otseguka kapena kutentha kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Zochitika kunja

Zomera zomwe zimakula kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe zimabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, zidzatetezedwa ku zotsatira zovulaza za chilengedwe ndipo zidzapereka mbewu patsogolo pa zomwe zabzalidwa pamtunda.

Kusankha malo a nkhaka m'munda, ndikofunika kupereka mapiri. Madzi akhoza kusonkhana m'madera otsika ndipo madzi apansi ali pafupi, ndipo izi zingachititse mizu kuvunda.

Njira yobzala mbewu pansi

Ndikofunika kufesa nkhaka pamene dziko lapansi liphulika, ndipo kutentha kwake kudzakhala pafupi +15 ° С. Izi kawirikawiri zimachitika pamene kutentha kwa mpweya kuli +22 ° +. Takhala tikukamba za kukonzekera nthaka ndi feteleza mu kugwa kapena kumapeto. Chiwembu cha kufesa mbewu za nkhaka Wells akhoza kuikidwa m'mizere kapena mu checkerboard chitsanzo. Kuzama kwa kuikidwa kwa mbewu ndi pafupifupi 1.5-2 masentimita. Kugwiritsa ntchito mbeu - 3-4 mbewu pa mita imodzi. Pofesa, m'pofunikira kuthirira pansi bwino, kuti mbewu zisagone mu nthaka youma.

Kuthirira

Kwa mitundu "Paratunka" zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zikhale zofunikira zothirira madzi okwanira.

Ndikofunikira! Makasikidwe osiyanasiyana "Paratunka" ndi ovuta kwambiri pa kukhalapo kwa chinyezi, kotero muyenera kumwa madzi nthawi zambiri komanso mochuluka kuposa nkhaka zina. Koma nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti palibe madzi okwanira.

Kuthirira kumayambira m'mawa kwambiri, komanso madzulo. Madzi a izi amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofunda. Pofuna kusamba mizu, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira kapena kapu. Chilala, kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zambiri (tsiku lililonse) kuposa nyengo yamvula (masiku onse 3-5). Ndikofunika kuti zitsogoleredwe ndi nthaka ya nthaka, ziyenera kukhala zowonongeka, koma osati zowonongeka. Ndikofunikanso kuti dothi lidzaza ndi chinyezi pa 20-25 cm.

Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira

Namsongole amakula mwamsanga pa nthaka yothira bwino ndipo ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse. Pambuyo mvula ikatha, nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa kotero kuti kutumphuka sikupangidwe. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti zisamawononge mizu yomwe ili m'mwamba. Pofuna kupewa mapangidwe a pansi, mungagwiritse ntchito mulch zipangizo (utuchi kapena peat), ndiyeno nthawi ndi nthawi kuti muzimasula pang'ono. Mulch kuonjezera kuchepa ndi kukula udzu.

Mungathe kuchotsa udzu m'munda mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ochiritsira.

Masking

Pamene mukukula ndi njira ya trellis, mphukira imachotsedwa ku tsamba 4-5, ndipo kenako kukula kumaphatikizidwa. Mbali ya mbali yoyamba imathamangira mapazi pambuyo pa tsamba lachiwiri. Ngati chomeracho sichimangidwe, ndiye kuti, kuphatikizapo kunyoza, mphukira ikhoza kukonzedwa ndi nthaka, izi ziwalola kuti mizu ikhale yolimba ndi kulimbikitsa chitsamba. Kudula kawirikawiri nthambi zopanda ntchito ndi masamba a chikasu kudzathandiza kupanga mphukira zatsopano.

Phunzirani zambiri za makapu abwino.

Belt girter

Nkhaka zotchinga sizingamangirire ndi kuwapatsa mpata wokwera pamtunda. Koma kumangiriza kumathandiza kuthetsa kuuluka kwa mpweya ndi kusayenda bwino kwa mpweya, ndipo, motero, kuoneka kovunda. Komanso, trellis ndi zosavuta kusonkhanitsa zipatso.

Pali njira zoterezi:

• yopanda malire: chingwe chinatambasula mu mizere ingapo pakati pa zothandizira ziwiri;
• choyimira: tsinde lililonse limamangirizidwa ndi nsonga ku chithandizo chofanana ndi U;

• wosakanizidwa: mapaipi amawoneka ngati piramidi, ndipo pakati pawo chingwe chimatambasulidwa mopitirira.

Njira iliyonseyi ndi yabwino mwa njira yake. Ndipo mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito aliyense wa iwo. Mangani zomera zimene zafika pafupifupi masentimita 30.

Kupaka pamwamba

Nkhaka zimayankha bwino kumayambiriro kwa kuvala. Pa nyengo yokula amathera osachepera 3-4:

• pamaso pa masamba enieni 2-3, kuthirani ndi mullein (1 l pa chidebe cha madzi) kapena zitosi za mbalame (imodzi ndi theka makapu pa chidebe cha madzi);
• Musanayambe fruiting, feteleza amayamba ndi nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu;
• pakati pa Julayi feteleza yachitatu imapangidwa ndi mullein kapena feteleza zovuta kupanga;
• Chachinayi chikuchitika ngati chili chofunikira, ndikuyang'ana maonekedwe a zomera, zovala zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa.

Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa

"Paratunka" ndi zosiyanasiyana zomwe sizilimbana ndi matenda onse. Koma akhoza kuthandizidwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo:

• mizu ndi yoyera zowola;
• chiwonetsero;
• aphid;
• kangaude

Vuto loyera

Pofuna kupeŵa kuoneka kwa matenda osiyanasiyana ndikofunikira:

• musayambe kubwereka;
• kulamulira chinyezi;
• kumasula nthaka;
• ayang'ane zomera nthawi zonse ndipo mwamsanga kuchotsa baka bwanji.

Pofuna kupewa matenda, ndi bwino kugula mbewu zophika. Koma ngati pali mavuto, muyenera kugula zofunikira ndikukonzekera zomera.

Kukolola ndi kusungirako

Nkhaka zimayamba kusonkhana mu June, ndikumaliza mu August-September. Zipatso zoyamba zimawoneka kale pa tsiku la 40 pambuyo pa kumera.

Ndikofunikira! "Paratunku" iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa nthawi zambiri (tsiku lililonse) kusiyana ndi nkhaka za mitundu ina, popeza kukolola kawirikawiri kumayambitsa mapangidwe atsopano.

Nkhuka zonyansa ziyenera kutsukidwa, chifukwa dothi mwamsanga limadya chipatso. Zosiyanasiyana "Paratunka" zakhala zazikulu zamkati komanso zabwino kuyenda.

Phunzirani kusunga nkhaka mwatsopano m'nyengo yozizira.

Kuti muzisunga zipatso pang'ono, muyenera kutsatira zotsatirazi:

• kutentha sikuyenera kukhala kocheperapo kuposa +1 ° С, koma sayenera kupitirira +10 ° С;
• Kusungirako kuyenera kukhala mdima, ndi kuyika - kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wabwino ufike;
• sungani zipatso zosasungidwa mu yosungirako ndikukonzekera zonse mwamsanga.

Ngati izi zatha, chipatso chikhoza kukhala mpaka masabata awiri. Ngati kutentha kuli pamwamba +10 ° C, moyo wa alumali umachepetsedwa kukhala masiku 4.

Mukudziwa? Pofuna kusunga nkhaka pazilumba za Pacific Ocean, iwo anali atakulungidwa mu masamba a nthochi ndi kuikidwa pansi. Ndipo makolo athu anapanga njira ya pickling zipatso.

Mavuto ndi malingaliro

Nkhaka sizikonda kwambiri feteleza. Izi zingachititse kusintha kwa zomera ndi zipatso kapena kugwa kwawo. Zomwezo zikhoza kuchitika ndi kupitirira muyeso kapena kusowa kwa chinyezi. Kuyambira izi zikutsatira kuti chirichonse chiyenera kukhala cholingalira.

Tikuyembekeza kuti, kutsatira malangizo ndi malangizowo, mutenga zokolola zabwino ndipo mudzakhutira ndi kusankha zosiyanasiyana "Paratunka". Nkhaka zabwino ndi zokoma kwa inu ndimasangalala ndi chakudya chanu!