Wokoma kwambiri ndi wathanzi mphesa zakuda.
Lili ndi antioxidants ambiri, imalimbitsa mtima, imatha kuchepetsa makilogalamu.
Mphesa yamphesa yakuda ndi yabwino popanga vinyo.
Lero tidzakumana ndi mphesa zabwino za mphesa zakuda.
Zosiyanasiyana "Kondwerani"
Zosiyanasiyana Zozizwitsa zakuda zimatanthawuza mitundu ya mphesa. Maluwa ake ndi azimayi, motero amafunikira odzola mungu. Zimadziwika tchire cholimba komanso champhamvu. Pamagulu akuluakulu a mawonekedwe akuluakulu.
Zipatsozo ndi zazikulu, makamaka ovunda kapena kuzungulira, zobiriwira mumdima wabuluu, zokoma, zotsekemera mu kukoma, thupi lawo ndi minofu. Akuwombera bwino bwino. Mphesa zimayamba kubala chipatso chaka chachiwiri mutabzala. Pali masamba pafupifupi 50 pa chitsamba chimodzi.
Black imasangalatsa zokolola zazikulu.
Zokolola za mphesa zikhoza kuyamba kusonkhanitsa kuchokera pakati pa mwezi wa September, pamene zikuphuka masiku 125.
Zosiyanasiyana Kusangalala wakuda:
- zokolola zazikulu;
- kukana mildew ndi oidium;
- kwambiri chisanu kukana, mpaka -25 madigiri.
Kupanda mphesa Kusangalala wakuda:
- zakhudzidwa ndi nkhungu yakuda
Mitundu Yamitundu Yosiyanasiyana Yokondwerera ikulimbikitsidwa kuti ikule kumadera ambiri, chifukwa mawonekedwe a tchire amafunikira mapangidwe amphamvu.
Mbande zimabzalidwa kumbali ya dzuwa, mu nthaka yosungunuka bwino, sipangakhale phokoso la madzi ndi kugwidwa. Nthaka imayamba kukonzekera masabata atatu. Choyamba chimakumbidwa, ndiye ngati nthaka yayamba, kenaka yikani mandimu.
Ndipo mu dothi losauka kupanga manyowa ndi zovuta feteleza zamchere. Kutentha kwa dothi sayenera kukhala pansi + madigiri 10. Mitengoyi imabzalidwa mu dzenje lakudzala 60 cm ndi 50 cm. Nthaka imameretsedwa ndi fetereza ya phosphorus-potaziyamu ndi kuthirira madzi.
Kusangalala wakuda kubzalidwa mu kugwa ndi kasupe.
Zosiyanasiyana Kusangalala wakuda kumafuna lamulo la mphukira ndi zipatso. Sitingalole kutentha kwakukulu kwa tchire, chifukwa kungapangitse kufa kwa mungu. Pambuyo maluwa a inflorescences ayamba, wamaluwa amatenga zowononga pamwamba pa mphukira. Pakuti m'nyengo yozizira muyenera kumuphimba.
Mpesa wakuda Kishimishi
Mphesa zakuda Kishimishi imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri, m'mitengo yomwe mulibe mbewu. Awa ndi mphesa zoyambirira.
Kishimishi ali ndi masamba a usinkhu wofiira, mawonekedwe oyandikana, akulira pang'ono. Ali ndi maluwa okwatirana okhaokha, kotero iye samasowa pollinator. Masangowa amafanana ndi silinda. Mbalame zakuda za Kishmishi zimakhala zochepa pang'ono pansi ndipo zimachokera pamwamba, zimakhala zozungulira, za kukula kwake.
Zipatsozo zimakhala zofiira, ndipo ndi khungu lochepa kwambiri. Mnofu ndi wobiriwira komanso wandiweyani, wokoma kwambiri. Akuwombera zipse bwino kwambiri. Mphesa baka zimakula kwambiri.
Zokolola mphesa ndizomasamba koma zolimba.
Zipatso zokolola zimatha kukolola patapita masiku 130 kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula.
Ubwino:
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Kishimishi imakhala ndi mbewu
- Zosavuta kunyamula, kusunga mawonekedwe anu
- Kutseka koyambirira
Mphesa zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zakuda Kishmishi osakhazikika ku oidium, zimangowonongeka mosavuta ndi masamba a masamba ndi anthracnose. Pakuti m'nyengo yozizira, amafunikira malo okhala, popeza salekerera kwambiri chisanu.
Mbewuyo imayenera kuthyoledwa mwamsanga ikadzala, ndipo zipatsozo zimataya makhalidwe awo ofunika.
Kubzala Kishmishi mphesa zakuda ziyenera kukhala pamalo aakulu, pamene tchire liyenera kukula pamtunda wina ndi mzake, mtunda mu mzere ukhale pafupi mamita 2.5, ndipo pakati pa mizere - mamita atatu. Malowa sayenera kukhala opanda ma drafts, okhala ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Mukamabzala mbande, muyenera kuyesetsa kuti mizu ikhale yakuya kwambiri.
Izi ziyenera kubzalidwa m'chaka, kuti m'nyengo ya chilimwe ayambe bwino ndi kupeza mphamvu.
Kusamalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana yakuda ya Kishmishi imakhala mowa wothirira, koma milungu iwiri isanayambe kukolola siidzamwe madzi, ulimi wokhawokha wothirira pakati pa mizerewu ukuchitika. Dyetsani ndi nitrogen feteleza musanayambe nyengo yokula.
Pakati pa nyengo iwo amathira manyowa ndi sulphate, ndipo pamene mazira amaonekera, mphesa zimafuna kuvala mchere. Mphesa zimafuna thandizo.
Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ya Kishmishi wakuda osati chisanu chopinga, iyenera kuti iphimbidwe. Muyeneranso kuchotsa mpesa wofooka, ndipo mphukira zazikulu zimadzazidwa ndi udzu, chifukwa mizu iyenera kukhala yotentha.
Zambiri za mphesa Zojambula Zambiri
Mphesa Zosiyanasiyana Mng'oma Yamtundu, kapena momwe imatchedwanso Black-chala, ndi ya mapeto a mitundu, mu zipatso zomwe mulibe mbewu.
Zipatso - zazikulu, zakuda, zimawoneka ngati chala (choncho dzina lake limapezeka). Amamva bwino. Mphesa akusowa chithandizo chamtundu uliwonse ndi antchito achitsulo.
Thupi ndilo mnofu. Unyinji wa gulu limodzi ukhoza kufika pa kilogalamu ziwiri. Maluwa okwatirana. Mphesa zamphesa zamphamvu. Manja wakuda ali ndi masango akulu ndi aakulu.
Zosiyanasiyana zimabweretsa mkulu ndi wodekha zokolola.
Mphesa yakucha pa tsiku la 120-130.
Ubwino:
- Kutsutsa kwa Frost;
- Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa magulu a mphesa;
Manyowa osiyana-siyana si oyenera kulima kumpoto.
Mbande obzalidwa ndi bwino bwino mizu ndi kukhwima mphukira. Musanadzalemo, kuchepetsani mizu ndi masentimita 15, ndipo odwala ndi mazira asachotsedwa. Kuwonjezera pa mizu, imachotsanso mphukira, imasiya masamba 4 m'munsi, yomwe yakula bwino. Ndiye mizu yokonzedwa choviikidwa mu okonzeka kusakanizayopangidwa ndi manyowa ndi madzi.
Chombo chotsetsereka chimakumbidwa pozama masentimita 80, ndipo pafupifupi masentimita 100 m'kati mwake. Kutsukira kumayikidwa pansi pa dzenje, njerwa zosweka, mchenga, kapena mwala wopwanyika akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Dziko lofukula limasakanizidwa ndi humus, superphosphate ndi potaziyamu chloride, ndiye imathiridwa mu dzenje.
Njuchi imapangidwa pansi ndipo kudula kumayikidwa pamenepo, mizu imafalikira ndi pang'onopang'ono, yofanana ndi yokutidwa pansi, pamwamba pa dzenje. Ndiye chomeracho chimathirira madzi.
Mphindi wakuda anabzala m'chakamu May.
Kusamalira zosiyanasiyana Zowawa zakunja zimakhala ndi kuthirira, manyowa a feteleza ndi nayitrogeni-phosphorous ndi fetashi feteleza. Kuti mpesa uziphuka bwino, ana opeza omwe akuwoneka, amachoka ndi kuwongolera pamwamba.
Komanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga za mphesa za mphesa
Table mphesa "Kuphukira wakuda"
Mitengo mitundu yamphamvu. Zipatso zooneka ngati mazira, zofiira, zakuda, koma zingakhale zofiirira, kukula kwakukulu. Peel yokutidwa ndi sera.
Mphesa ndi zokoma kwambiri, zokoma, zowawasa pang'ono, koma zonse mosamala. Zamkatimu ndizomwe zimakhala zowonjezereka, zikufanana ndi zomwe zimachitika. Magulu ndi owopsa, ali ndi mawonekedwe oyenera. Maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi amuna ndi akazi okhaokha.
Kutha kwa Nthano yakuda amapanga katundu bwinozimasinthika mosavuta kumapangidwe alionse. Pa mphukira imodzi imamangiriridwa pa maburashi atatu.
Izi zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mchere mowonjezera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti fruiting ikhale yaikulu. Mu nyengo yowuma, iyenera kuthiriridwa kawirikawiri. Izi zosiyanasiyana zimatha kukula ndi wokonda munda.
Zosiyanasiyana Zophukira Mphesa zakuda zabwino zokolola.
Izi ndizowerengeka, komanso ndi katundu ndi srednepozdny, ndi mochedwa mosiyana ndi zipatso za kucha.
Main ubwino mitundu ndi:
- Frost kukana, yosungidwa bwino mpaka kutentha kwa-madigiri 20.
- Kuwonjezeka kwotsutsa mildew, oidium ndi imvi kuvunda.
- Mphesa zotsekedwa mu firiji zikhoza kusungidwa kwa miyezi isanu.
Mwina lalikulu drawback ya Autumn Black zosiyanasiyana ndi pamene kutentha akutsikira zipatso zingakhudzidwe ndi nkhungu yakuda.
Mphesa yamphesa yakuda imabzalidwa kumalo kumene madzi akumwa pansi ndi osatheka, mwinamwake chomera chikhoza kufa.
Pamaso pa chochitika chofunika chotere chodzala, dzenje limakumba m'masabata awiri, kuya kwake kuyenera kukhala masentimita 80, ndi kupitirira pafupifupi 60, pang'ono. Mukamabzala, mchere wamchere umagwiritsidwa ntchito (superphosphate, potaziyamu sulfate, kuwonjezera nkhuni phulusa).
Pansi pa dzenje lakutsetsela ndilozaza ndi dothi la humus ndi lakuda. Anabzala mphesa zamasamba amamwe madzi ndi madzi ofunda okha.
Zosakaniza za m'dzinja zakuda Black ndi zoyenera kubwera ndi kugwa, mu September, ndipo mu April, kumapeto kwa April.
M'nyengo yozizira, Autumn Black imaphimbidwa, ngakhale ngakhale kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali (pansipa -20) kungawononge mizu.
Vinyo mphesa zosiyanasiyana "Odessa wakuda"
Korona ndi masamba a achinyamata mphukira ali achikuda wobiriwira ndi wofiira tinge. Masamba ndi ochepa, osakaniza, olimba, ozungulira. Mapazi a tsamba lakumtunda amakwezedwa. Pomwe kufika masamba a autumn masamba amajambulidwa mu vinyo wofiira. Kufukula pamphuno kumatseguka. Maluwa okwatirana.
Masango a mphesa a usinkhu wausinkhu, mawonekedwe okongoletsera, otayirira. Kulemera kwawo kumakhala pakati pa 140 ndi 280 magalamu. Zipatsozo ndizozungulira, zakuda, zophimbidwa ndi sera ya sera, ndi zamadzimadzi zamkati. Khungu ndi lolimba.
Mphesa wamphesa uli ndi mtundu wokongola wa ruby. Kukoma kwa zipatso zosungunuka, ndi chitumbuwa-thotho kukoma. Pali mbewu mu mabulosi. Mphamvu za mphukira ndizochepa, mpesa umapsa ndi 80%. Kuchokera ku zosiyanasiyana kupanga vinyo wofiira ndi wowonjezera khalidwe lapamwamba.
Zokolola ndizopambana komanso zopitirira.
Mphesa zabwino zimayamba kubudula pambuyo pa masiku 160 kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula, kumapeto kwa September.
Zotsatira Odessa mphesa zakuda:
- kukana imvi yovunda ndi oidium;
- kuwonjezeka yozizira hardiness.
Kupanda zosiyanasiyana - izi mochedwa kucha kwa zipatso.
Kubzala mbande kukumba dzenje lakuya masentimita 10, ndi 80 masentimita awiri. Mitengo ya mphesa imayikidwa mwamphamvu, impso zokha ziyenera kukhala pansi.
Chombocho chimamera ndi manyowa kapena kompositi, nayitrogeni ndi feteleza zamchere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mphesa ikabzalidwa, nthaka imathiriridwa kuzungulira iyo, yokutidwa ndi kamtunda kakang'ono ka manyowa ndi utuchi.
Nthawi yolima imadalira nthawi yeniyeni yobzala kapena kudula. Mbewu zapachaka zimabzalidwa mu April, zobiriwira - pakati pa May. Biennial cuttings ndi mbande obzalidwa mu October mpaka woyamba chisanu.
Maphunziro a Gulu mphesa Odessa wakuda ndi:
- Nthawi zonse kuthirira mphesa, pafupifupi 3-4 kuthirira pa mwezi. Kuonjezera madzi pa maluwa nyengo, ndi kumaliza kuthirira sabata pamaso zipatso zipse.
- Kutulutsa udzu, nthaka imamasula.
- Nthawi zina amathera podzimnye kuthirira.
- Pa mizu, isanafike nyengo yozizira, iwo amachititsa chochitika chotero monga katarovka, kapena kuika zida zapadera pa mizu.
