Kwa omwe adayamba kulima orchid, kufufuza nthaka yabwino kungakhale chilakolako chenichenicho.
Chosakanizacho chiyenera kudyetsa chomeracho, chikhale chilimbikitso ndi kuyamwa kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Ndipo pambali pake, ndi bwino kulola mlengalenga, kutulutsa mchere wambiri mwamsanga, kuti asunge maluwa - bwanji kuti asagwedezeke powerenga mndandanda wa zofunikirazo. Ndipotu, zonse zimakhala zophweka kuposa momwe zimawonekera poyamba.
Kufunika kosankha bwino
Nthaka imasankhidwa kulingalira malo a kukula kwa orchids. Mwachitsanzo, Falenposis amakhala m'mitengo, choncho gawolo limasankhidwa mwapadera: mpweya wabwino ndi madzi.
Koma Cymbidium ikukula panthaka imafuna kuti mukhale ndi zakudya zowonjezera zakudya. Mwini wa orchid akhoza kupanga gawo lapansi lokha layekha, kuyang'ana mu maphikidwe angapo. Izi ndizo zabwino kwambiri: poyamba, pali mwayi kuyesa zosakaniza zogulidwa, ndipo kachiwiri, kuthamangitsira zowonongeka ndi ulesi.
Zochita ndi zamwano za gawo lotsirizidwa
Mafakitala amaphatikizapo:
- Musataye nthawi pa kupanga.
- Pali chidaliro mu gawo la gawo lokonzekera, popeza zonse zogula zidagulidwa payekha.
- Kugula nthaka ndi kokwanira komanso yokhala ndi feteleza. Kuonjezera apo, ili ndi mphamvu yowonjezera.
Wotsutsa:
- Simukudalira mtundu wa mankhwala. Osati onse opanga malingaliro amasonyeza phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni, zomwe zingakhale ndi zotsatira zowononga pa mbeu (ngati, ngati pali nitrojeni zambiri, orchid idzawonjezera kubiriwira, koma osati pachimake).
- Mitundu ina imakhala ndi peat, yomwe imakhudza mlingo wa acidity. Zizindikiro zingakhale zotsutsana kapena zosayesedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Onetsetsani kuti mutenge kugula - musayese kugula matumba angapo a nthaka mwakamodzi. Makamaka ngati inu mukuchita izo kwa nthawi yoyamba. Choyamba chosowa pa tsiku lolembedwera la kupanga, kuti asagule katundu wamatha.
Kunyumba, zomwe zili mu phukusi ziyenera kuphunzitsidwa bwino: payenera kukhala nkhungu ndi zazikulu zotsamba zitsamba, mphutsi, spores. Sayenera kununkhiza ngati nkhungu kapena mphamvu. Ngati atayanika, mitsuko ya mchere kapena malaya oyera amaoneka pamwamba, izi ndizosauka.
Zolemba za dothi
Mitengo yokongola ya ma orchid ali:
- makala;
- makungwa (mitengo ya coniferous or deciduous trees);
- dothi lowonjezera;
- kondomu;
- peat;
- mizu ya fern;
- sphagnum;
- polystyrene;
- vermiculite;
- mapiritsi a pinini;
- humus.
Kuyerekeza ndi mankhwala omwe watsirizidwa ndikuphika nokha
Funso: ndi mtundu wanji wa nthaka - wogula kapena wokonza bwino? - amakhala otseguka. Nthawi zina zimakhala zophweka kupita kumudzi wapafupi wa maluwa ndi kugula zokonzedwa bwino. Padzakhala, monga akunena, ndalama ndi nthawi. Koma zimakhalanso kuti ndikosavuta kupanga gawolo - izi ndizo ngati zofunikirazo sizipezeka pamasamu a shopu wapafupi kapena palibe masitolo oterewa pafupi.
Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane kwa otchuka opanga
Kekkila (Finland)
Mtengo wokwanira ndi ma ruble 570-600 pa 1.4 makilogalamu. Amapangidwira mitundu yonse ya orchid. Mapangidwe ake ovuta ndi pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka m'nkhalango. Zowonjezerazo zikuphatikizapo dothi lopangidwa, makungwa a mtengo ndi malasha, omwe amapereka bwino aeration. Kuonjezera apo, ma humic acid akhala akuwonjezeredwa, omwe amathandiza kukula kwa mizu. Zosakaniza zoumba zilibe.
Geolia (Russia)
Mafuta okwana - ma ruble 55 kwa 2.5 malita.
Maonekedwe ena a nthaka kwa mitundu iliyonse yamaluwa. Iye amalonjezetsa nyengo ya maluwa ndipo amalimbikitsa chitukuko cha mizu yamphamvu ya mizu.
Muzigawo za phukusi muli: makala (15%), sphagnum moss (30%) ndi makungwa a pine (55%). Makala akuwonjezeredwa.
Padziko Lonse (Belarus)
Mtengo wokwanira uli 181 mabakiteriya 315 g. Nthaka zonse zoyenera kukula cambria, dendrobium, phalaenopsis, wand, miltonia.
Mukulemba:
- mchenga wabwino;
- dothi particles;
- chophimba;
- perlite;
- choko;
- vermiculite;
- zovuta feteleza zomwe zimakhala ndi ma microelements nthawi yaitali.
Ambulensi
Wopanga Russia. Mtengo wokwanira - 54 ruble pa 2.5 malita.
Chinthu choperewera chimadzaza ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Zosakaniza: nthaka ya mafuta, moss, makungwa.
Kuloledwa kutentha kutentha: kuyambira -35 mpaka + 40 madigiri. Acidity (pH): 5.5 + 6.5.
Zotsatira zake
Mafuta okwana - madiresi 230 pa 2 malita.
Mu mzere wa mankhwala a Russian ndi magawo 4:
- Pansi pa gawo la 8-13 mm (zomera zomwe zimafuna 41-49% kupuma).
- Gawo la magawo ambiri a Mphamvu ndi 13-19 mm (zomera zomwe zimafuna 49-55% mpweya wokwanira).
- Pansi pa gawo la Super 19-28 mm (kwa zomera zomwe zimafuna 52-58% mpweya wokwanira).
- Gawo lokhala ndi kachigawo kakang'ono Maxi 28-47 mm (kwa zomera zomwe zimafuna mpweya 55-60%).
Kompositi siimasowa kuyambika koyambiriraN'zosavuta kunyamula chinyezi ndipo ali ndi khola PH. Angarsk pine nkhuni, yomwe ndi gawo, ili ndi antibacterial katundu ndi kukana kutaya. Chemistry monga gawo la ayi. Zachilengedwe zimapangitsa kuti maluwa ndi owala kwambiri. Moyo wautumiki - zaka 2-3.
Saramis (Germany)
Mafuta okwana - 900 ma ruble a 2.5 makilogalamu. Zokonzedwa bwino kwambiri, zabwino kwa mitundu yonse ya orchid.
Mukulemba:
- 70% dongo limatulutsa ndi makungwa;
- nitrogen (18 mg / l);
- phosphorus (55 mg / l);
- potaziyamu (180 mg / l).
Chikhalidwe choterocho n'chokwanira kwa mizu, kuyambira pafupi ndi zachirengedwe: mizu imapeza chinyezi chokwanira kuchokera ku granules, makungwa amapereka mwayi wa mpweya. Kuwonjezera apo, dongo likuluma, pokhala ndi madzi ambiri, kuyamba kupatsa pang'onopang'ono maluwa, i.e. kugwira ntchito yopititsa patsogolo.
Mbendera imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zingapo ndi nambala yopanda malire. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri, ma Ceramis akhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, ngakhale ngati chomeracho chinafa.
Orchid ikhoza kuikidwa mu miphika, chifukwa granulate imathetsa chisudzulo ndi kutaya. Pa moyo wonse wa alumali, gawo lapansi silimatha ndipo silikutayika. Mukamadzala orchids ku Saramis, mizu siingathetsedwe padziko lapansi.
Fasasco
Mtengo wokwanira - kuchokera pa ruble 72 pa 10 kg. Chosankhidwa mwasamalidwe chimapatsa chomera kukula mofulumira ndi thanzi, kumapangitsanso makhalidwe ake okongoletsera, amapanga madzi ndi mpweya wabwino kwambiri.
Kulemba kwa mankhwala a Russian:
- chophimba;
- ngalande;
- makungwa a pine;
- malasha;
- sphagnum moss
Kukonzekera bwino - doypak. Moyo wanyumba - zaka zisanu.
Golidi wakuda
Mtengo wokwanira - kuchokera pa ruble 65 pa 2 malita. Dothi lonse lochokera kokonati substrate ndi yabwino mlingo wa acidity. Zomwe zimaphatikiziranso ndi mapangidwe a pine, kupereka mpweya wabwino. Koma tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizilinso. Chigawo cha ku Russia chimasungira katundu wake pa shelfe yonse ndipo sichimawonongeka kwa zaka 5-6. Nthaka ilibe fungo losasangalatsa ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mobwerezabwereza.
Flower chimwemwe
Mafuta okwana - 84 mabologalamu pa 2.5 malita.
Zimatsimikizirika bwino pamene mukukula orchids. Ili ndi makungwa a ngalande, malasha ndi nkhuni.
Amapanga mawonekedwe oyenera a mpweya, kumathandiza kulimbikitsa chomera, maluwa ake ochuluka komanso ochulukirapo.
Zeoflora
Mtengo wokwanira - kuchokera pa ruble 300 mpaka 2.5 malita.
Osakhala poizoni kwa anthu ndi zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zili ndi mphamvu ya silicon, zeolite, nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi wosabala.
Kuwonjezera kukakamizika kwazitsamba kwa zomera, kumapangitsa kuti aeration ayambe bwino. Sakusowa chithandizo chowonjezera musanagwiritse ntchito..
Welltorf
Mtengo wokwanira ndi makombo 12 pa 25 kg. Mtengo wapamwamba padziko lonse lapansi ukuyenera mtundu uliwonse wa orchid. Maziko a gawoli ndi mchenga, mphero ndi mapiri otsika, miyala yamwala. Ili ndi gawo lachinayi loopsa.
Kuperekedwa mankhwalawa sali oyenera kubzala "ana" ndi mizu yochepachifukwa Amasiya masamba ambiri ndipo mizu siingatheke mkati mwa mphika. Ndipo chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa chomera chachikulu ndicho chabwino. Olima odziwa zambiri akukulangizani kuti muzisakaniza nthaka ndi ena.
Mukamagwira ntchito limodzi ndi magawo omwe ali pamwambawa, zongerezi ziyenera kuwonetsedwa:
- Sambani manja pambuyo pa ntchito;
- Ngati mukukumana ndi maso, tsambani ndi madzi ambiri othamanga;
- Ngakhale kuti zosakanizazi ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo sizikuchotsa poyizoni, ndibwino kuti musalole ana ndi zinyama ku gawo lapansi.
Ndi chiyani chomwe chiri chabwino?
- Ndi mtengo. Poyang'ana chiŵerengero cha mtengo ndi khalidwe, mungatchule mayankho abwino: zotsatira za Bio, Ambulance, Flower chimwemwe.
- Pogwiritsa ntchito. Zipangizo zonse (kupatulapo Veltorfa) zimapangidwa ndi chilengedwe chonse ndipo ziri zoyenera mitundu yonse ya orchid.
Malo osankhidwa bwino adzakuthandizani kuti mukulitse chomera chokongola ndi champhamvu kuti chisangalalo cha mwiniwakeyo. Khalani ndi chidwi ndi maganizo a akatswiri, kupita ku mawonetsero ndi masewera, kuwerenga mabuku apadera, ndipo vuto la kusankha lidzapita ku dongosolo lakutali. Ngati wamaluwa sapereka mphamvu zake ndi ndalama zake za maluwa ake, ndiye kuti sangamulekerere maluwa ake.
Kuyerekeza kwa nthaka ya orchids Ceramis ndi Zeoflora
