Levka kapena mattiola - chokongola, chomera chokongola kwambiri ndi fungo losangalatsa. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mabedi a paki komanso nyumba zachinyumba za chilimwe, koma mu mphika pa khonde maluwa awa amawoneka ofunika kwambiri komanso osayenera, omwe sali nthawi zonse pamunda wamunda. Mattiola wakhala akuyamikiridwa ndi alimi a maluwa chifukwa cha maluwa ake okongola komanso obiriwira a maluwa okongola, komanso a fungo lokometsetsa omwe amawamasula.
Makhalidwe okhwima mattioli (kumanzere)
- Dzuŵa
- Kuthirira
- Kufikira kwa air
Poyamba, Mattiola amamenya yekha ndi maluwa a munda, ndipo ambiri amakondwera: "Kodi n'zotheka kukula Levkoy pa khonde?".
Yankho liri - mungathe, chifukwa tsopano pali zokongola mitundu, pambali, chomera chimafuna kugwiritsira ntchito mpweya wosinthanitsa ndipo ndikuwopa zowonjezera chinyezi.
Zonsezi ndi zazing'anga zachitsamba, zomwe zimafuna mpweya wokwanira, kuti zisawononge maonekedwe a tizirombo ndi matenda opatsirana, omwe amawoneka ngati opuma komanso chinyezi. 
Komabe, kunyumba kugula munda wosabala Levka sizimakhudza matenda aliwonse. Zonsezi zokhudzana ndi kupewa matenda zimakhudza makamaka mitundu ya munda.
Pa khonde mukhoza kukula gladiolus, cloves, kutaya, katsabola, nandolo zonyezimira, coriander, savory, nkhaka ndi tomato.
Kufika kunyumba
Levka idzafulumira kukhala yokongoletsera ya khonde lanu kapena malo osungirako, ngati mutatsatira zosavuta zomwe muyenera kubzala ndi kusamalira.
Choyamba muyenera kusankha pa malo omwe mphika udzayime, kenaka mudzatengere kukula kwa chomera chofunika ndi katundu, ndipo chovuta kwambiri ndi kusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku mitundu yonse. 
Mukudziwa? Chodabwitsa, komabe Aroma akale ankayamikira kukongola ndi zonunkhira za maluwa awa ndipo ankawagwiritsa ntchito kukongoletsa maholo ndi opochivalen.
Kukonzekera Mbewu
Mattiola wakula kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe zimakololedwa ku nyemba zouma pakatikati pa nthawi yophukira. Mbewu ya kumanzere ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndipo amafika 2.5-3 mm. m'mimba mwake muli ndi malire oyera.
Mbewu imasiyanasiyana ndi azitona yakuda kuti ikhale ya bulauni, ndipo inu mukhoza kuigula iyo mu sitolo iliyonse yapadera kapena kudzera pa intaneti.
Ndondomeko yokonzekera mbeu za kubzala mbewu ili ndi magawo awiri:
- Lembani. Kuwomba kumagwira ntchito ziwiri: kukulirakulira ndi kutsekula m'mimba. Madzi abwino amachititsa kukula ndikuthandiza zomera zamtsogolo kuti zizitha kupyolera mu chipolopolo cholimba. Kwa mbande yabwino, mbewu zimayikidwa m'madzi ofunda pafupifupi tsiku, chifukwa cha kutupa. Pomwe mukukwera, njira ya mbeu ya disinfection ikuchitika, chifukwa spores za bowa ndi tizilombo tina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitingapezeke m'nthaka komanso mbeu. Ntchentche sizowopsya chifukwa cha nyemba zowuma, popeza zowonjezerazi zimakhala ndi zinthu zabwino zowonjezera chitukuko, zomwe mwatsoka zimagwirizana ndi zinthu zabwino zowonjezera mbeu ndi mbeu. Pofuna kuteteza matenda ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mungagwiritse ntchito njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate (yosavuta pinki) kapena soda pamlingo wa 1 tbsp. l soda pa lita imodzi ya madzi.
- Stratification. Stratification ndiyomwe imatsanzira nyengo yozizira, yomwe imakhala ikukula kukula kwa mimba mkati mwa chipolopolo ndipo nyanga yamphamvu ikuwonongedwa chifukwa cha chimfine ndi chinyezi. Pambuyo poyambira, njerezi zimafalikira pamadzi ozizira (nkhani, thonje, gawo la nkhuni kapena vermiculite) ndipo amaikidwa m'firiji masiku 4-6. Ndikoyenera kugawira mbewu pamadzi ozizira mofanana, kupeŵa kulondola ndikuphatikizana mbewu. Kuyambira pa tsiku lachitatu, tikulimbikitsidwa kusunga mbande zam'tsogolo, monga momwe zingatheke kuti kumera kumera ndi kukhazikika.
Kusankha mphamvu ndi nthaka yobzala
Mphamvu. Zomera za lewkoy zimabzalidwa m'matsuko kapena makasitomala apadera ndi trays za mbande. Komanso pazinthu izi, nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito makapu osatayika, koma amapatsidwa makhalidwe osamalira mbande, zida ndi matepi zidzakhala zosavuta. 
Kusankhidwa kungapangidwe posamalira mini-wowonjezera kutentha. Chinthu chotero sichingatheke kuti chipezekedwe kunyumba kwa wogulitsa ntchito, koma ndi wotsika mtengo, koma ndi yabwino komanso yopangidwa mobwerezabwereza.
Nthaka Levkos amamva bwino pa nthaka yachonde, yobiriwira, choncho nthaka yakuda idzakhala yabwino kwa iwo, komanso nthaka ya mchenga ndi loamy.
Koma ngati tikulankhula za mbande, ndiye kuti mutha kugula gawo lapadera la mbeu. Dothi lakuda komanso lolemera la dothi silidzagwira ntchito konse.
Zipangizo zamakono
Mbewu imalowa mkati mwa nthaka yokonzedwa bwino kapena gawo lapaderadera mpaka pafupifupi 0,5 masentimita. Mtunda wa pakati pa nyemba uyenera kukhala osachepera 1.5 masentimita, kuti mphukira zisasokonezane wina ndi mzake.
Simuyenera kudandaula za mbali yomwe mungaike chomera chodetsedwa pansi - ndizo adzapeza njira yopita pamwamba.
Pambuyo poyika mbewuzo pansi, chidebe kapena makasitomala a mbande amadzazidwa ndi pulasitiki (apa ndi pamene kutentha kwa mini kumathandiza) ndikuikidwa m'malo amdima kwa masiku 4-6. Panthawi imeneyi, nthaka siidakonzedwa. Kwenikweni, patapita nthawi, mphukira imayamba kuuluka pamwamba pa nthaka, koma nthawi zina izi zimatenga masiku 14-15.
Ngati nthawi ya kumera ikuchedwa kwa nthawi yotereyi, ndibwino kuyang'ana nthaka chinyezi, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, imwani madzi.
Malamulo oyang'anira mmera
Ndikofunikira! Levkoy ayenera kubzalidwa kumapeto kwa March kapena pakati pa April, popeza maluwawo ndi ofunika komanso amadalira kusintha kwa kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, kwa mbande yabwino kutentha - 12-13 ° C.Mu nthawi yochokera kumera mpaka kubzala mu mphika wamuyaya, mbande imasowa chisamaliro chapadera. Mbalame zikangowamba kudutsa m'nthaka, m'pofunika kuyika chidebecho nthawi yomweyo ndi mbande pamalo abwino komanso kuchotsa filimuyo.
Momwemonso, panthawi ino ayenera kukhala mapeto a mwezi wa April kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, kotero kuti kutentha pa khonde kapena veranda, kumene chidebecho chidzaperekedwe, sichidutsa 12-13 ° C. Kuchokera pa mbande muyenera kuchotsa filimuyi kapena kutsegula chivindikiro cha wowonjezera kutentha, malingana ndi zomwe munagwiritsa ntchito. 
Kuchokera nthawi yomwe mbande imatulutsidwa dzuwa ndikutuluka, masabata awiri ayenera kudutsa, pomwe mbande zidzakula ndipo mizu yawo idzakula mokwanira kuti idzawonongeke mosavuta panthawi yoika.
Pakatha masabata awiri, mbande zimatuluka m'magawo osiyana, ngati muli ndi chidebe, ndipo ngati mbande ziri mu makasitomala apadera, ndondomeko sizichitika. Patapita sabata, mukhoza kuikidwa pamphika wamuyaya.
Chomera feteleza choyamba ndi feteleza chamchere chimapangidwa mwamsanga pamene masamba awiri amphamvu amawoneka pa mbande.
Kenako amalowa m'miphika ndi kusamalira
Pambuyo pa tizilombo ta tizilombo tomwe timakula, tibzala mu miphika, ndipo chisamaliro chawo chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kuthirira komanso kudya nthawi.
Achinyamata ndi achikulire sali osasamala pakusamalira. Iwo amalekerera bwino ndi lakuthwa kusinthasintha mu kutentha komanso ngakhale yaing'ono frosts. mpaka -5 ° C. 
Kukula kwa mphika kungasankhidwe mwa chifuniro ndipo malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa mbande zomwe mwakonzera. Pafupipafupi, sapling iliyonse ya mapiri ochepa omwe akukula ayenera kukhala ndi 8 cm². Mmerawo ukhoza kubzalidwa ndi wandiweyani, poyendetsedwa bwino ndi mpweya.
Ndikofunikira! Sikoyenera kudzala mbewu zonse zomwe zinamera. Kuti apange mphika ndi bwino kusankha zomera zazikulu komanso zamphamvu kwambiri. Mukasiya chirichonse, zomera zamphamvu zidzathetsa ofooka, zomwe zidzakhalanso zofooka ndi zonyansa, koma zidzasokoneza chitsamba.Kuwaza kumayendetsedwa m'njira yachizolowezi.: ndi malo ang'onoang'ono ngati n'kotheka, muzu wa mbewu yaying'ono imachotsedwa ku maluwa osakhalitsa, pambuyo pake kuti aikidwa m'manda atsopano, pamtunda wokonzedwa kale.
Pambuyo pa kusinthitsa, nthaka yapamwamba imayenera kuumirizidwa pang'ono (koma osati mwamphamvu!) Kuti mukonze bwino gawo lapamwamba la mattiola.
Kuthirira kumanzere kumalo
Levka amakonda chinyezi ndipo amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse pafupipafupi kawiri pa sabata. 
Ndikofunikira kulingalira nyengo ndi nyengo ya kuyanika kwa nthaka - izi ziyenera kukhala chisonyezero chachikulu cha kuchuluka kwa ulimi wothirira. Kuthirira kumayenera kukhala ndi madzi otentha kutentha.
Feteleza ndi kusamalira nthaka
Mattiol sangathe kubereka mwachisawawa. Panthawi yosiyana ya nyengo yokula, chomeracho chimafuna zosiyana ndi feteleza ndi feteleza ndipo izi sizikhoza kunyalanyazidwa.
Nthaka simungakhoze kuberekedwa musanabzala, makamaka mchere wamchere umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa maluwa awa, ngati mwasankha kugwiritsa ntchito kompositi, onetsetsani kuti yayamba bwino, mwinamwake zingakhale ndi zotsatira zoipa. 
Pakati pa maluwa, feteleza okhala ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo panthawi ya kukula ndi kuphulika, zovuta mchere zimaperekedwa.
Mukudziwa? Ziri zovuta kukhulupirira, koma kumanzere ndi banja lomwelo monga kabichi yoyera yomwe ife tonse timidziwa, ndipo malemba ambiri akukula akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mattiola.Polima pa nthaka, ndikulimbikitsidwa kumasula ndi kumasula namsongole nthaka yomwe zomera zomwe zimakula zikukula. Miyeso yotereyi siikufunika mukamakula miphika ya maluwa.
Pang'ono ponena za matenda ndi tizirombo ta duwa
Zoopsa kwambiri matenda a Bay - crucia crucilla. Matendawa amachititsa bowa kuti iwonongeke pamtunda wa mbeu, pambuyo pake imatsogolera kuwonongeka kwa mizu yonse, ndipo, motero imfa ya chomeracho. 
Kila ndi mliri wa mamembala onse a banja la kabichi, chifukwa chake sichiri chovomerezeka kuti chodzala kumanzere kumalo omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala mitundu ina ya cruciferous.
- Zizindikiro. Matendawa amadziwonekera pa mizu ndi pamwamba pa mbeu: kukula kwa kukula kwake kumayambira pamzu, ndipo tsinde ndi maluwa a maluwawo amadzala ndi zoyera. Komanso, zizindikiro zikhoza kuwonedwa kokha pa mizu ya zomera.
- Chithandizo. Chithandizo chabwino kwambiri cha keel - kupewa dothi. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zowonjezera, amagwiritsira ntchito fungicides antifungal, mwachitsanzo, Readzim. Mwa njira, ndi yoyenera kuchiritsidwa ndi mbande zomwe zakhudzidwa kale. Njira zamachiritso zimaphatikizapo kubzala mbewu za banja la nightshade pa nthaka yomwe inakhudzidwa, yomwe nthawi yoyamba imachotsa spores za bowa panthaka. Ngati duwa likugunda molimba, limakumbidwa ndikuchotsedwa pamodzi ndi nthaka yochepa kwambiri yomwe ili pafupi ndi rhizome. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndi mphika ukukula, mwayi wa matenda ndi keel ndi nil.
Mphungu wakuda ndi mildew. Imeneyi ndi matenda a fungalomu, kumayambira kumbuyo kwa chinyezi chokwanira, kutuluka kwa mpweya woipa komanso kutentha.- Zizindikiro. Zisonyezo za miyendo yakuda ndi zovuta kuzizindikira - tsinde lamaphimbidwa ndi kuvunda wakuda ndipo zomera posachedwa zimafa. Nthenda yonyenga imayambitsa maonekedwe a imvi, ofanana ndi pachimake cha pachimake pambali ya duwa (makamaka kumbuyo kwa tsamba).
- Chithandizo. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mankhwala, chithandizo chabwino kwambiri ndi chopewa, koma ngati vuto lalowa kale, pangani dothi limodzi ndi Baktofit, Fitosporin kapena Phytophthorine - yomwe mungapeze. Malangizo ogwiritsidwa ntchito adzakhala pa phukusi. Pali mankhwala achilendo, monga kufukuta ndi phulusa, kuwaza ndi njira yochepa (1:10) ya vodka, njira zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kwa zomera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya.
Tizilombo. Cruciferous utitiri - Wina wodwala matenda a kabichi. Izi ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ta mapiko omwe amadya zomera zobiriwira. 
Chakudya chawo chomwe amawakonda ndi masamba.zomwe nthawi zina zimadya mpaka mitsempha. Mosiyana ndi matenda a fungalesi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakonda kutentha, motero amawoneka nthawi yamvula.
- Zizindikiro. M'phika n'zosavuta kuona tizilombo tiwonekere. Zizindikiro zoyamba ndizo mabowo ang'onoang'ono m'mamasamba.
- Nkhondoyo. Crucifers samakonda chinyezi, kotero kuti ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse samakhala omasuka. Gwiritsani ntchito phulusa ndi phulusa la fodya powaza nthaka ndi masamba kumanzere. Oyenera kupopera mbewu za nthaka ndi maluwa ndi ofooka acetic yankho mu chiŵerengero: 1 tsp viniga pa lita imodzi. madzi.
Matenda ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amawononga ndi kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda anu: "Abiga-Pik", "Alirin B", "Mixer", "Delan", "Albit", "Brunka", "Fundazol", "Scor", "Topaz", "Strobe". ".Yang'anirani ndi kuyamikira masango obiriwira onunkhira kwambiri kuyambira chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn. Bwino!
