Spruce "Konica" kapena "Canada spruce" malingana ndi momwe zomera zimatchulira zimatanthawuza mtundu wa mtundu wa Spruce wa banja la Pine. Ichi ndi chomera chobiriwira chobiriwira, pamaluwa otsetsereka ndi masitepe afika kutalika kwa mamita 0.5, ndi m'munda - 2 mamita. Kumpoto kwa America kumatengedwa kuti ndi malo obadwira a chomera chokongola ichi, kumene choyamba chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi awiri. M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana za momwe mungamalire bwino spruce ya Canada ndikusamalira.
Malo oti afike
Malo okwera ayenera kukhala zambiri zotetezedwa ku mphepo. Chifukwa cha zenizeni za mizu, mphulupulu ya Konica ikhoza kufa ngati itayikidwa pamalo ndi mphepo yamphamvu. Mtengo uwu uli ndi chinthu chimodzi: Patapita nthawi, taproot imamwalira, ndipo chomeracho chimasungidwa mu nthaka pokhapokha pokhapokha pali mizu yapamwamba. Mphepo ndizoopsa kwambiri pa zomera zakale, zomwe zaka zawo zaposa zaka 12-15.
Onaninso kuti chomera chokongolachi chimakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa. Penumbra angakhalenso woyenera kubzala. Koma ngati mubzala chomera mumthunzi, chikhoza kutaya kukongoletsa kwake. Kuwonjezera apo, mtengo udzakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pakapita nthawi ukhoza kufota ndi kufa.
Nthaka yabwino ya spruce Konika idzakhala mchenga kapena loamy, yomwe imakhala ndi madzi abwino ndi kupuma. Chofunika chamoyo chiyenera kukhala chochepa kwambiri, acidity ya nthaka iyenera kudutsa pang'ono. Mbeu zazing'ono zimachitapo kanthu mwakuya kwa madzi osefukira, choncho ganizirani izi pamene mukudzala.
Chipatso cha Canada chotchedwa conic spruce chabzala pafupi ndi mkungudza, thujas, mitengo ya cypress, mapini. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito spruce ngati khoma. Makamaka okongola kondomu ya spruce amawoneka udzu wafupika pafupi ndi bedi la maluwa.
Nthawi yabwino yopita
Mitengo yokongola iyi ingabzalidwe mu nthaka yotseguka. pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse ya chaka. Kumadera akummwera a dziko lathu, mtengo ukhoza kubzalidwa ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, ikapuma. Koma nthawi yabwino yobzala idzakhala pakati - mapeto a kasupe, kapena chiyambi - pakati pa nthawi yophukira.
Pali kutsutsana kwakukulu ndi kulingalira za momwe mungabzala spikesi ya Konik mu chilimwe, ndipo ngati kuli koyenera kutero pamasiku otentha. Kawirikawiri, akatswiri amalangiza kuti musamachite izi pakati pa chilimwe, koma ngati mutasankha kudzala mtengo m'nyengo ya chilimwe, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti muzichita mvula ndi nyengo yamvula. Mutabzala, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa kawiri pamlungu (8-10 malita a madzi ofunda ayenera kuthiridwa pamtengo umodzi).
Zofunikira pa kubzala zakuthupi
Pogula mtengo wa Khirisimasi samalani ndi singano zamitunduzomwe ziyenera kukhala zolimba. Ngati m'mayamayi mumagula sapling yomwe yakula mu chidebe, ndiye mutembenuzire chotengerachi: Ngati dziko silingagone mokwanira, ndiye kuti chodzala ndi chabwino. Mizu ya mbande yomwe idagulidwa iyenera kukulunga mu nsalu yonyowa kapena manda.
Mukudziwa? MuTanthauzo loyamba la botani la mtengo wa Canada linapangidwa ndi wasayansi wachingelezi Philip Miller (1691-1771). M'munda wa Botanical wa BIN RAS, umodzi mwa akale kwambiri ku Russia, spruce ku Canada unatchulidwa m'ndandanda mu 1816.
Nthawi zina chomera chotchedwa coniferous chimawoneka chokhala ndi thanzi, koma kwenikweni sichitha kukhala chotheka. Yang'anani singano idya. Sing'i zakufa zimayamba kutembenukira chikasu m'mphepete, ndipo zikaponderezedwa, zimatsamira kumbali. Ma singano amoyo ali otanuka, ndipo akakhwimitsa amawongolera. Ndipo kumbukirani: wamng'onoyo sapling, ndizowonjezereka kuti adzuke mu nthaka yatsopano.
Njira Yokwirira
Choyamba muyenera kukumba dzenje lomwe liyenera kulingana ndi kukula kwa mizu ya mmera. The optimal fovea kukula kwa 1-2 chaka chomera: 60 cm masentimita ndi 80 masentimita. Ngati nyembazo ndi zazikulu, ndiye kuti fossa iyenera kukhala yochepa chabe kuposa nthata ya nthaka. Mitengo yaitali, mtunda wa pakati pa maenje uyenera kukhala mamita oposa atatu, ndi mitengo ya spruce yochepa - kuchokera mamita 1.
Musanadzale spruce fossa muyenera kukhetsa njerwa yosweka. Amayenera kutsanulira mu fossa ndi wosanjikiza, womwe umakhala wolemera masentimita 15. Kenaka nthaka yothira imatuluka: imatha kukhala dothi kapena munda wamba, komwe humus kapena kompositi ikuwonjezeredwa.
Sapling imayikidwa mu dzenje lokonzedwa pamodzi ndi clod ya dziko lapansi. Msosi wa mizu (mbali ya muzu ndi thunthu) iyenera kukhala pansi pamtunda ndipo palibe chifukwa chozama. Ndiye chodzala zakuthupi ayenera kukonkhedwa ndi nthaka yachonde ndi pang'ono. Pambuyo kutsanulira madzi otentha ndi kukonza ngati kuli koyenera (zingamangirizane ndi zingwe ziwiri).
Ndikofunikira! Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigule matope a spruce ndi opanda mizu. Zomwe zimabzala zimapweteka kwambiri, ndipo panthawi yovuta kwambiri, zikhoza kufa.
Pambuyo pa maluwawo, zomera zimakhala zozungulira pang'ono. Pankhaniyi, sapling idzayamba kukula mofulumira komanso mizu.
Momwe mungasamalire
Spruce Canada Konica mutabzala mutseguka pansi kumafuna chisamaliro chapadera. Kuthirira kwa nthawi yake, kumasula ndi kuvala ndizofunikira kuti mtengo wanu ukhale wokongola.
Kuthirira ndi kumasula nthaka
Anthu okalamba komanso ozika mizu amatha kupirira masabata awiri kapena atatu a chilala cham'chilimwe. Koma mitengo ikuluikulu imatha kuthirira kamodzi pakatha masabata asanu ndi awiri.
Mukudziwa? Mitengo yamatabwa inkagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zoimbira ndi zingwe monga Amati ndi Stradivari. Zida zoimbira zopangidwa ndi matabwa amenewa zimamveka zokongola kwambiri chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa nsalu.
Kumasula nthaka ayenera kukhala nthawi youma, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala m'chilimwe. Kutsegula kumathandizira kuwona kuti dothi la mkati la mkati lidzasintha pang'ono. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ulimi wothirira ndi madzi amvula zidzalowa bwino mu nthaka.
Kudyetsa ndi kukulumikiza
Aliyense wamkulu ndi wamng'ono wokongola chomera amafunika kudyetsa kamodzi pachaka zovuta feteleza. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zomwe zimapangidwira makamaka zomera zokongola za coniferous. Mwatsopano wobzalidwa mbande akulimbikitsidwa kuti amwe madzi ndi kukula ndi muzu kupanga mapangidwe ("Gerbamin", "Heteroauxin", "Epin"). Young mbande mu masabata awiri kapena atatu oyambirira mutabzala ayenera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa "Ferravit".
Kuti mupange feteleza, sankhani feteleza zamchere zomwe zilibe mkulu wa nayitrogeni. Manyowa opangidwa kuchokera ku biohumus, kompositi, ndi potassium magnesia ndi abwino kwambiri. Pemphani kuti muyambe kuvala ufa wa dolomite.
Powonjezera chinyezi, mizu yapamwamba ya spruce ikhoza kuvunda. Pofuna kupewa izi, dothi lozungulira mtengowo liyenera kuti likhale ndi utuchi kapena mithunzi ya mitengo ya coniferous, singano zapine kapena makungwa.
Mulch amakulolani kuti muzitha kuyanjana ndi nthaka chinyezi ndikukhala ndi makhalidwe ake abwino. Nthaŵi zina nthaka yozungulira mbewuyo ili ndi miyala yokongoletsera, mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera dongo. Njira iyi yowonjezeramo ikuwonjezera, kuzinthu zina, kukongola kwa malo amodzi kapena mphepo.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Spruce Konica ikhoza kukhala ndi matenda ena ndipo iwonongeke ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana. Kumenyana kwa nthawi yake kumathandiza mbewu yanu kukhala yokongola komanso yathanzi. Nazi apa Mndandanda wa matenda akuluakulu ndi tizirombo a ku Canada adadya:
- Matenda a Coniferous Schutte. Matendawa ndi fungal m'chilengedwe. Chomera choyamba chimakhala ndi chigoba chakuda, kenaka chimadzazidwa ndi "chisanu", ndiyeno zidutswa zonse zimayamba kugwa. Pomwe matendawa amadziwika bwino, chomeracho chikhoza kupangidwa ndi mankhwala 3% a mkuwa wa sulfate, "Alirin-B" kapena "Trichodermin". Mukanyalanyaza kwambiri matenda, mtengo uyenera kudulidwa.
- Tracheomycosis ndi matenda a fungal a mizu ya conifers. Nthawi zambiri matendawa amakhudza mitengo yaing'ono. Zisoti pamapeto pake zimakhala zofiira ndi kugwa. Matendawa samachiritsidwa. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimadulidwa ndikuwotchedwa, ndipo nthaka imachizidwa ndi mkuwa sulfate yankho.
- Kutupa ndi mtundu wina wa matenda a fungus omwe amakhudza singano ndipo amapanga kukula kwa chikasu kapena lalanje. Patapita nthawi, singano zimayamba kugwa. Anayambitsa matendawa "Gliokladinom" kapena "Vectra." Kuyenera kuchitidwa kamodzi pa sabata kwa mwezi umodzi.
- Nthaŵi zina makungwa a chomera chokongoletsa amachititsa kuti tizirombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe tifunikira kapena timdima, tomwe timatchedwa makungwa a khungwa. Amakoola makungwa, amaika mazira kumeneko ndikudyetsa nkhuni. Mpata woti apulumutse chomera pamtundu uno wafupika kufika pafupifupi zero.
- Nthano za spruce zingakhudzidwe ndi mphutsi ya mlonda wa spirce, womwe ukhoza kuyamwa mazira okwana 1500. Amadyetsa singano zapaini, zomwe zimachititsa kuti mapetowa agwe. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsa ntchito yankho la "0.3" "BI-58".
Matenda aliwonse amathandizira kuthetsa zokongoletsera za spruce. Kusamalira bwino ndi kwa nthawi yake kwa mbewu sikulola kuti bowa ndi tizilombo tizilondere.
Pogona m'nyengo yozizira
Coniferous mitengo ndi zosavuta kulekerera ngakhale kwambiri yozizira chisanu. Achinyamata okha ndi omwe adzalima posachedwa spruces akhoza kuvutika, yomwe mizu yake sinayambe mwakhama panthaka. Mitengo yoteroyo imafunika kukulunga ndi ukonde kapena twine. Izi zimachitidwa mosamala kuti zisachoke nthambizo.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mtengo wamtengo wapatali uli ndi lutrasil m'nyengo yozizira, ndiye kuti makulidwe ake ayenera kukhala osachepera 60 microns. Apo ayi pangakhale chiopsezo cha singano zakuda.Zakale za ku Canada, zomwe zakhala zikukongoletsera munda wanu, malo osungirako matabwa kapena zinyumba zaka zambiri, sizikufunika. Iwo amathiridwa bwino mokwanira kumapeto kwa autumn, ndipo amakhala mwamtendere chisanu chisanu chisanu.
Gwiritsani ntchito kupanga mapangidwe
Spruce Canada Konica - imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya conifers, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo. Amawoneka bwino m'magulu awiri okhaokha komanso gulu. Pamene kamera kakang'ono kamatha kufika kutalika kwake, chimakhala chokongoletsera kwambiri cha osakaniza.
Mtundu wa spruce wa Canada ukhoza kupezeka muzitsamba pamapiri, matumba, madenga, njira, ndi zina zotero. Zidzakhalanso zokongoletsera zamaluwa, miyala yamaluwa. Kuonjezera apo, mtundu wa Konica umawoneka bwino pakati pazitsamba komanso zochepa pakati pa zomera zina zokongola.
Mulimonsemo, mtengo uwu udzakhala wokongola kwambiri pa khonde lililonse kapena chiwembu. Spruce Konica imagwirizana bwino ndi maluwa kapena zomera. Ngati spruce ya Canada ikuyang'anitsitsa bwino, idzakupatsani kukongola kwake kwa zaka zambiri.
