Matenda A Ndimu a Ndimu - Amayambitsa ndi Chithandizo

Mandimu onunkhira obiriwira kunyumba osadabwitsa aliyense. Musanagule chomera, ndibwino kuti muphunzire mosamala zamatenda a ndimu zomwe zimayambitsa ndi chithandizo cha mbewu zoterezi.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda A Ndimu

Matenda osiyanasiyana amasokoneza maonekedwe a mbewu ndi zipatso. Nthawi zambiri mandimu amakhudzidwa ndimatenda ndi tizirombo:

• wofooka ndi matenda ena;
• omwe chisamaliro choyenera sichikhazikitsidwe (kuthirira, kudulira);
  

  Ndimu ya chipinda

• zili m'malo osakwanira (kuyatsa kosayenera, kusanja, dothi lonyentchera, kutentha kosakhazikika).

Ma virus, mabakiteriya kapena tizirombo titha kuwoneka:

• ku dothi losasamalidwa bwino
• Katemera wodwala panthawi ya katemera,
• pakuwonetsedwa m'chipindacho (zimachitika kawirikawiri),
• Zomera zam'mimba zopezeka pafupi.

Matenda ambiri a ndimu amatha kuchiritsidwa, koma palinso matenda omwe sangathe kuchiritsa, ndipo mbewuyo imayenera kutayidwa.

Chifukwa chiyani masamba a mandimu amasanduka achikasu

Masamba a chipinda chotsekemera amasanduka achikasu chifukwa:

1. Kuwala kolakwika kunasankhidwa (kunyezimira mwachindunji kwa dzuwa kumawunikira mawonekedwe akuwotcha, kugwedezeka kwamphamvu, makamaka nyengo yozizira, sikuloleza mbewu kuti ikule bwino).
   

   Ndimu ndi masamba achikasu.

2. Kutsirira osakwanira kapena mopitirira muyeso, omwe nawonso ndi oopsa kwa mandimu.
3. Kuphwanya malamulo obwera kutentha kumayambitsa kupsinjika mu chomeracho, zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa. Ma lemoni amakula bwino mu kutentha kwa 14-25 C0, koma 20 C0 ndi abwino kwa iwo. Pa mpweya wabwino (makamaka mu nthawi yophukira kapena yozizira), tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichotse mandimu m'chipindacho kuti tipewe kutentha kosiyana. Mabatire othandizira kapena zida zina zotenthetsera sayenera kukhala pafupi ndi mphika.
4. Kuchulukitsa kapena kuchepetsedwa kwa chinyezi mchipindacho (bwino kuchokera 60% mpaka 70%).
5. Zovala zapamwamba zosamveka kapena zosavomerezeka. Ndimu imafunikira michere, koma kuchulukirapo sikabwino kwa chiweto.

Mafuta a Leaf Chlorosis

Kubzala chlorosis ndikuphwanya mapangidwe a chlorophyll m'masamba. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa ndi masamba a chikasu ndi mitsempha yobiriwira.

Chlorosis ya masamba

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matendawa ndikusowa kwa chitsulo ndi magnesium.

Njira zolimbana ndi chlorosis:

• Bzalani mbewu ndikulowetsa mumphika watsopano ndi poto wokulirapo;
• Kumwaza masamba ndi njira ya Ferovit (1.5 ml pa madzi okwanira 1 litre);
• Kuvala ndi magnesium sulfate;
• Kuthira dothi mumphika (kutsanulira mandimu pamadzi ofunda kwa mphindi 30 mpaka madzi amtsuko atuluka. Izi zimathandizira kapangidwe ka dothi komanso kupuma kwake. Patatha masiku 30 itadutsa, mbewuyo imadyetsedwa.

Chifukwa chiyani mandimu amasiya kupindika

Chimodzi mwa matenda odziwika ndimu ndende.

Zoyambitsa matendawa:

• 1) Kuphwanya malamulo a chisamaliro (nthawi zambiri zosayenera kunyowetsa nthaka ndi mpweya).
• 2) Kuperewera kwa feteleza wa mchere (kuchepa kwa calcium, boron kapena mkuwa m'nthaka).
• 3) Kupanda mpweya wabwino.
• 4) Kugonjetsedwa kwa mbewu ndi tizirombo tina tonse (pamtundu wa mtengo ndi pamizu).

Funso loti "bwanji mandimu amasiya zoyenera kuchita" limasangalatsa alimi ambiri. Chomwe chimayambitsa kuponya masamba a ndimu yopanga ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse kapena matenda a fungus:

1. Zithunzi zokhala ndi masamba (masamba amasintha mawonekedwe awo, mikwingwirima yakuda kapena yopepuka amawoneka, ofanana ndi zithunzi, chomera chimaleka kukula). Simungathe kuchitira lemongrass yodwala, mutha kuwonjezera moyo wa mbewuyo pakudyetsa pafupipafupi ndikuisamalira moyenera. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuwononga ndimu kuti matenda asafalikire kuzomera zina.
2. Khansa ya zipatso zamalanje (m'magawo oyamba, masamba ndi zipatso zimakutidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni, pambuyo pake mandimu amatenga mawonekedwe oyipa, masamba amagwa, ndipo mtengo umafa). Mtengo wodwala sungatsitsimutsidwe, koma kupewa khansa kumalimbikitsidwa kuti utsi wa ndimu ndi fungicides amkuwa amadzimadzi.
3. Tristeza (chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe mandimu amatsika masamba, kupatula, nthambi, khungwa limafa pang'onopang'ono ndipo mtengo umafa). Matendawa ndi osachiritsika, nthawi zambiri amakhudza chomera chofooka.
4. Anthracnose (masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa, nthambi zoonda zimafa, mtengo ukhoza kutaya masamba, mawanga ofiira amawoneka pazipatso). Chithandizo: kudula nthambi zouma, pangani mbewuyo ndi Fitosporin katatu, yankho limodzi la madzi a Bordeaux ndiloyeneranso.
5. Malsecco (masamba amagwa, mphukira kuchokera pamwamba zimayamba kuuma, nthambi zomwe zidulidwazo zimakhala zofiira). Zomwe zimachitika ndizosowa magetsi, kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Epulo, mbewuyo imafunikira kukonzanso masana kuti iwonjezere nthawi ya masana. Chithandizo cha mankhwala sichingatheke. Ngati kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe kabwino ka magetsi sikungathandize, ndiye kuti mbewuyo iyenera kutayidwa.
6. Zikavunda zowonongeka muzu, ndimu imathothanso masamba. Ngati pachifukwa ichi masamba agwera mandimu, ndiye kuti tidziwa zoyenera kuchita: kukumba mbewu, muzitsuka ndikuyang'ana mizu, chotsani mizu yowola. Ndimu wabzalidwa mumphika wina mu dothi lenileni. Kwa masiku 12-14, musathirire chomera, koma muthiritse ndi madzi ofunda ndikupukuta masamba ndi chinkhupule.

Vuto lodzikongoletsa pamasamba a mandimu

Kufundikira kwamtundu sikuyipitsa mawonekedwe a mtengowo, komanso kumalepheretsa kukula kwake.

Mawonekedwe onenepa pamasamba

Zomwe zimawoneka ngati zomata:

• chisamaliro chochepa;
• kuthirira kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali;
• mbewu idakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo tambiri;
• aphid adawoneka pa ndimu.

Zinthu ziwiri zoyambirira zimachotsedwa mosavuta mutatha kuphunzira chidziwitso chofunikira pa chomera. Zingwe ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizirombo zomwe ndi zovuta kuzilamulira, koma zotheka.

Kulimbana ndi mawanga achikaso pamasamba a mandimu

Kupanda kuyatsa, chinyezi chochepa, kuthirira kosalongosoka, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha ndi zakudya zosayenera kungapangitse mawonekedwe a chikasu pamasamba a ndimu yodzimanga. Zizindikiro zomwezo zitha kuonedwa ndi matenda ena:

• Scab kapena wartiness ndi matenda oyamba ndi chomera, chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe ndi mawanga achikaso pamasamba, pang'onopang'ono chimasanduka njere za pinki-imvi (zophuka). Mawonekedwe a lalanje amawoneka pamtengowo. Warts pang'onopang'ono kufalikira pommera wonse, kuwononga zipatso, kumatha kudzetsa mtengo. Chithandizo: chithandizo cha korona ndi 1% yankho la Bordeaux madzimadzi, kuchotsa nthambi, zipatso ndi masamba.
• Matenda owoneka ndi khungu la bulauni (mawonekedwe a masamba achikasu osapanganika) ndi osachiritsika. Chomera chodwala chiyenera kuwonongeka kuti chitha kufalitsa matendawa kwa ena.
• Ndi phylloctictosis, madontho a bulauni okhala ndi mawombo amawoneka pamasamba otsika.
• Mphepoyi yamadzulo imadziwika ndi kutumphuka kwa khungwa ndi mawanga amafuta pa masamba.

Phyllosticosis komanso vuto lakumapeto limatha kuthandizidwa ndimankhwala osokoneza bongo a fungicidal.

Malangizo owuma masamba ndi mawanga oyera pa iwo

 Malangizo a masamba amatha kuzimiririka:

• microclimate yosayenera;
• kuyatsa kosasamala;
• Njala ya mchere;
• dothi losankhidwa bwino
• matenda ndi majeremusi.

Masamba a mandimu, ophimbidwa ndi zokutira zoyera, akuwonetsa mawonekedwe a mbewa.

Gulugufe wa gulugufe

Kuzindikira majeremusi ndikosavuta:

• atagwedeza nthambi, agulugufe amachoka;
• maonekedwe oyera otuwa ngati zipatso kumera masamba ndi mphukira;
• Masamba opindika amasintha, chikasu ndikupukuta.

Njira zolimbana ndi tizilombo:

• agulugufe ena ochepa amawonongedwa ndikusambitsa masamba ndi utoto wozikika m'madzi a sopo;
• matepi omata a ntchentche amapachikidwa pafupi ndi mtengo;
• finyani mbewuyo kangapo ndi njira yotsekemera (supuni ziwiri za shuga zimasungunuka mu kapu yamadzi);
• kuchuluka kwa tizilombo kumatha kugonjetsedwa kokha mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala apadera.

Zomwe mandimu samabala

Sikuti mitengo yonse ya mandimu ipsa. Kwa eni ambiri, izi ndi zokongoletsera zokongola za nyumbayo. Chifukwa chomwe mandimu samabala zipatso, zifukwa zazikulu ndi izi:

• 1) Chomera chakula kuchokera pambewu ndipo sichinamezanitsidwa;
• 2) Mtengowo sunalumikizidwe bwino;
• 3) kuphwanya kosakhazikika (kusintha kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi chochepa);
  

  Duwa la mandimu

• 4) pali maluwa ambiri ndi zipatso pamtengowo (akatswiri amalangiza kuchotsa mazira owonjezera, motsogozedwa ndi lamulo: "masamba 10 - 1 maluwa");
• 5) kuvala mosakonzekera (kukakamiza mandimu kutaya utoto);
• 6) mbewuyo idwala kapena ili ndi tiziromboti.

Zoyenera kuchita kuti zipatso zizioneka ndimu:

• Perekani malo oyenera kuti mukukula kwathunthu ndi chitukuko.
• Dyetsani pafupipafupi (kasupe ndi chilimwe 2 kawiri pamwezi, m'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira - pamwezi).
• Bzalani bwino mbewuyo (dzalani mtengo wolimba, pomwe khungwa limasiyanitsidwa ndi mtengo). Pochita opaleshoni, gwiritsani ntchito mpeni woyera komanso wakuthwa kwambiri. Kuti mukwaniritse kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa nthambi ndi petioles, tsamba la katemera limamangidwa mwamphamvu komanso molimba. Zotsatira zake zimaweruzidwa pambuyo pa masabata atatu.
• Chiritsani matenda ndikuchotsa tizirombo.
• Kupanga korona kuti pofika zaka zitatu imakhala ndi nthambi 7 zikuluzikulu (nthawi yomweyo amayesetsa kuti asafupikitse nsonga za nthambi zoonda, chifukwa maluwa amawoneka).
• Kuchita njira yolimbitsa nthambi. Kuti muchite izi, mu kasupe, amakokedwa palinso ndi waya wofewa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mosungiramo michere yazaka zamawa.

Tizilombo ta Ndimu Panyumba

Ndimu, monga mbewu zina zapakhomo, zimagwidwa ndi tizilombo tina tosiyanasiyana.

Kufotokozera kwa kangaude wa kangaude:

• 1) madontho achikasu amawoneka;
• 2) chikaso cha m'mphepete mwa masamba chimayamba,
• 3) masamba adakulungidwa m'machubu,
• 4) ulalo wa kangaude kapena kangaude umaonekera pazinyalala za masamba.

Spider mite chikondi

Tizilombo timene timadya pamadzi a mandimu, ochepa kwambiri komanso osawoneka ndi maso amaliseche, koma amawononga kwambiri. Mankhwala akunyumba ndi wowerengeka sagwira ntchito, samangowononga tizilombo, komanso amalola kuti akhale ndi moyo komanso kubereka mosasokoneza. Mutha kumenya nkhondo ndi kangaude kokha pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mwachitsanzo, Fitoverm, Aktellik ndi Demitan.

Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa nsabwe za m'masamba:

• masamba mbale ndi mphukira zazing'ono zopindika;
• zokutira kumata zikuwonekera;
• kumbuyo kwa masamba, mizere ya tizirombo tating'ono tating'ono imatha kuwoneka (akuluakulu amakhala akuda).

Nsabwe za m'masamba nthawi zambiri zimawoneka mchaka, ndi proboscis, tizilombo timayamwa madzi kuchokera masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono. Tizilombo timene tili ndi chonde kwambiri: Mibadwo pafupifupi 20 imatha kukula mu nyengo.

Phani panthambi ya mandimu

Mwa njira za wowerengeka, ndiothandiza kuchiza mmera ndi kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni wothira ndi sopo wolimba.

Kuchotsa mawotchi majeremusi kumabweretsa zotsatira kwakanthawi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda atakonzanso kuchuluka kwawo.

Mwa mankhwala, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito Fitoverm kapena Golden Spark.

Seche ndi imodzi mwa tizirombo tovuta tomwe timalowetsa ndimu. Zizindikiro zakuwoneka ngati tizilombo tambiri pamtengo:

• mawonetseredwe a mawanga achikasu kapena otuwa pabuka masamba;
• mawonekedwe a phale m'mitsempha;
• mapangidwe amadzi otumphukira pamasamba (nthawi zina, majeremusi amatulutsa timadzi tambiri tambiri timene timadziunjikira kumapeto kwa masamba);
• kuyenda kwa akulu pamasamba ndi thunthu.

Mutha kuchotsa makina (tizipukutira ndi masamba ndi kansalu kamene kamayamwa mu sokosi yamphamvu ya sopo kapena mowa), imagwira ntchito, koma nthawi yambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zonse pamakhala chiopsezo chosowa majeremusi achikulire.

Scalp pamasamba

Mankhwala othandiza kwambiri kuwongolera lonse ndi Aktara ndi Actellik, omwe ali ndi zochitika mwadongosolo. Samangodzidulira pa chisoti chomera, koma amathiridwanso nawo. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzichita zinthu ngati majeremusi kudzera mu chakudya cham'mimba, osangolumikizana.

Chifukwa chake, mandimu opanga tokha amabisalira matenda ndi tizirombo tambiri. Matenda ena a mandimu omwe amapezeka mkati amayambitsa kufa kwa chomera, chifukwa chake akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti musanyalanyaze malamulo osamalira mtengowo ndi kupewa kuwoneka matenda osiyanasiyana.