Monarda ndi maluwa okometsera ndi mankhwala. Ichi ndi chomera chokongola chamaluwa chokhala ndi maluwa okongola awiri. Monarda ali ndi kukoma kwa mandimu. Chomerachi chili ndi mayina ambiri: bergamot zakutchire, golide wamchere lemon, Indian nettle.
Mukudziwa? Mafuta ofunikira a Monarda ali ndi mabakiteriya komanso ntchito zachilendo.
Mitundu ya monarda
Pachiwiri - Ili ndilo mtundu wochuluka wa zomera. Zimakula kumtunda kumpoto kwa North America, zimakula kufika masentimita 80. Mu chikhalidwe kumeneko kuyambira 1656. Zili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa, maluwawo ndi ochepa ndipo amasonkhanitsidwa ku capitate inflorescence, yomwe imafika masentimita 6.
Monarda Dudchataya (tubular). Dziko lawo ndi Mexico ndi California. Mmerawo ndi wapamwamba kusiyana ndi monarda, yomwe ili ndi nthambi zambiri. Zimayambira pa zomera zimakhala 120 cm mu msinkhu. Maluwa ndi ang'onoting'ono, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa pamutu. Tsinde lililonse lili ndi 5-9 inflorescences mpaka 7 masentimita awiri.
Palinso mawonekedwe achimake a duoish monard. Amakula mpaka masentimita 35, ndi maluwa a lavender.
Mulada wosakanizidwa. Izi ndizophatikiza mitundu yambiri ya monard ndi moto. Chomeracho chifika pamtunda wa 100 cm. Maluwa ali osiyanasiyana.
Mitundu itatu ya monarda ndi yofala kwambiri, chifukwa zonse zimakongoletsera komanso zonunkhira. Zonsezi zimachokera ku mafuta omwe amafunikira kwambiri mmunda.
Lemon citrus limakula kumtunda USA ndi Mexico. Zimasiyanitsa zomera kuti masamba, maluwa ndi zimayambira kwambiri kununkhira kwa mandimu, timbewu tonunkhira ndi zest. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonunkhira ndi chomera chomera.
Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Monarda:
"Mahogany" ndi mitundu yoyambirira. Maluwawo ndi ofiira a mdima, maluwawo amapotoka pamapeto. Maluwa ku chisanu.
"Adam" ali ndi maluwa ofiira, amakula yekha mu dzuwa.
Punk yamtunda ndi mitundu yokongola kwambiri ya lilac-pinki.
"Chipale Chofewa" chiri ndi maluwa oyera oyera. Kuwoneka bwino kumalima mu single-plantings.
"Panorama" ndi kapezi, pinki, wofiirira, woyera, wofiira ndi wofiirira. Maluwa amatha kukula powaphatikiza ndi zomera zina.
Mukudziwa? Monardo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azisakaniza mavinyo ndi vinyo.
Kumeneko ndi momwe mungabzalitsireko monard
Kukula monarda sikufuna khama lalikulu. Chomeracho chimamera bwino pamalo amdima panthaka yochepa, monga chomera chikukula bwino mu nthaka yonyowa ndi yonyowa.
Malo a chomera akukonzekera mu kugwa, kuyeretsa kwa namsongole, kukumba ndi feteleza nthaka ndi peat, manyowa, potashi mchere ndi superphosphate. Kubzala Monarda kumayambira kumapeto, nthawi ndi nthawi feteleza zomera ndi nitrogen feteleza.
Ngati mukuganiza kuti mukule Monarda ndi mbewu, ndiye kuti izi ziyenera kuchitika mu February. Imafesedwa mwachindunji pansi, ndipo mkati mwa miyezi iwiri zomera zimakhala zozizwitsa zachibadwa.
Mu April, mukhoza kuyembekezera mphukira zoyamba. Ngati pali chipale chofewa pa tsambalo, chiyenera kuchotsedwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi kanema, monga momwe nthaka ikuyenera kutentha. Pambuyo pake, kumasula pansi ndikuwonjezera mchenga.
Ndikofunikira! Monarda imadzuka pang'onopang'ono.
Patapita miyezi iŵiri, pamene zomera zimamera, ndipo masamba awiri amapangidwa pa iwo, mbande zimasamutsidwa kumalo okonzeka. Mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 60. Mutabzala, madzi okwanira ambiri ndi ofunikira.
Pamene chisanu chifika -5 ° C, zomera zimamva bwino. Maluwa a Monarda amayamba chaka.
Kawirikawiri, florists amalima chomera mmera. Mu January-February, amafesedwa mabokosi a mbewu za ndiwo zamasamba, kotero kuti mbeu idzakula masika.
Muyeneranso kusakaniza mbewu ndi mchenga. Chiwerengerocho chiyenera kukhala 1: 4. Kenaka amafesedwa mchenga. Kuzama sikuyenera kukhala oposa 2.5 masentimita.
Mbande zimakula mu masabata atatu. Pambuyo pake, masabata ena atatu ayenera kudutsa, ndipo zomera zatsopano ziyenera kulowetsedwa m'mitsuko malingana ndi ndondomeko 3 ndi 3 kuti pakhale zakudya zowonjezera.
Anabzala mbande 3 masentimita pambali ndikuyika mu wowonjezera kutentha. Pansi pa filimuyi ikhale yotentha yosachepera 20 ° C.
Mukudziwa? Monarda anatchulidwa kuti alemekeze Nicholas Monardes, yemwe anafotokoza izi. Kuchokera ku UK, monarda adabwera ku Ulaya, kumene amalembedwa ndi dzina lakuti "Golden Melissa" kapena "Indian nettle".
Ndi anthu amtundu wanji omwe angasankhe ku Monarda
Popeza monard imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo, muyenera kudziwa zomera zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri.
Mulimonsemo, muyenera kusankha malo a dzuwa, chifukwa cha bergamot izi ndizimene zimakhala bwino kuti mukhale ndi kukula komanso maluwa. Chowawa ndi hydrangea zimagwirizana bwino ndi chomera ichi.
Musaiwale za dahlias ndi phloxes. Muliwonse pamodzi ndi zomera izi, monard adzawoneka ngati mfumukazi.
Mukudziwa? Kwa fractures ndi kuvulala, tiyi ndi Kuwonjezera kwa youma kapena mwatsopano Monarda therere akulimbikitsidwa.
Kusamalira monard mu bedi lanu la maluwa
Mutabzala, muyenera kusamalira bwino monard, ndiye chomeracho chidzaphuka kwa zaka pafupifupi khumi.
Pambuyo maluwa, masamba, mapesi ndi maluwa a bergamot akugwa. Zimachitika mu September. Kudulira kungakhoze kuchitidwa ndi munda wamatala.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati shrub yakula kwambiri, mukhoza kudula mapesi angapo kapena mizu.
Kumapeto kwa April, monarda imasungununso. Pamene mukusamalira chomera ichi, kumbukirani kufunika kwa kumwetsa ndi kuthirira feteleza.
M'nyengo yotentha, pamene pali ngozi yowononga zomera ndi powdery mildew, ndikofunika kupanga madzi okwanira nthawi yake.
Musalole kuti zomera ziume. Apo ayi, monard ingakhudzidwe ndi matenda a fungal.
Pamwamba pa kutentha ndikofunikira kuthirira mbewu tsiku ndi tsiku. Komanso m'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kuzungulira dera lanu ndi zomera za humus ndi peat. Izi ziyenera kuchitika masika ndi autumn. Kawirikawiri muyenera kuchotsa namsongole ndi kumasula pansi. Izi zidzaonetsetsa kuti mbeu ikukula mofulumira komanso maluwa ambiri.
Komanso chisamaliro chimaphatikizapo feteleza bergamot. Izi ziyenera kuchitika ndi "Kemira" kapena "Agricola". Kudyetsa kumachitika milungu iwiri isanafike pakati pa mwezi wa May mpaka m'dzinja. Pofuna kupuma m'kati mwa masika ndi autumn, Monarda imachizidwa ndi "Somazole" kapena mkuwa wa sulphate.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chomera chofooka chimawonekera bwino ndipo chimasintha kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Monarda ali ndi matenda oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi othandiza kuumiriza ndi kumwera kwa chimfine.
Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji monard m'nyengo yozizira?
Kukonzekera kwa monarda m'nyengo yozizira ndi kofunikanso, chifukwa kumateteza kupewa matenda komanso kufa kwa mbewu.
Zafupi pakati pa mwezi wa October ayenera kudula zimayambira za mbeu mpaka masentimita 10.
Chakumapeto kwa October Masamba akugwa ayenera kusonkhanitsidwa m'munda, monga tizirombo kapena matenda a fungal akhoza kukhala pansi pa iwo m'nyengo yozizira.
Mu November M'pofunika kuti mutcheke udzu ndikuchotsa zakufa zakuda, masamba otsala ndi singano.
Popeza mbewuyi ndi yozizira-imakhala yolimba, imalekerera kutsika kutentha kufika -25 ° C, koma chitetezo chowonjezeka n'chofunika. Ikhoza kuperekedwa ndi mulching kapena kuika lapnik. Izi zidzapulumutsa zomera kuchokera kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira ya Monarda.
Mukudziwa? Monarda - imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zochizira chifuwa, bronchitis.
Kuswana monarda
Tsopano popeza taphunzira bwino njira ndi kukula kwa Monarda, tiyenera kupitiriza kubzala mbewu.
Popeza mbeu sizisunga mtundu wa mbeu, zidzakhala zosavuta kufalitsa mbewuyo pogawa tchire kwa zaka 3-4.
Njirayi ikuchitika mu April kapena kumayambiriro koyamba. Chitsamba chimakumbidwa, mizu imachotsedwa ku nthaka pansi pa madzi ndikugawidwa mu zigawo zofanana. Zigawo zimayenera kukonzedwa ndi makala ophwanyika.
Ndiye delenki anabzala mu fossa, amene anakonzekera pasadakhale. Kuwedza kwa delenok yoteroyo iyenera kuchitika zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu mutabzala, monga zomera zimakula kufika mamita 1.
Mukhoza kufalitsa mbewu ndi chithandizo cha cuttings. Iwo amadulidwa ku mphukira pamaso maluwa monarda. Masamba apansi amachotsedwa ku cuttings, pamene masamba apamwamba amafupikitsidwa ndi magawo atatu. Kutalika kwa cuttings ayenera kukhala 8-10 masentimita.
Kenaka amafesedwa m'bokosi ndi mchere wouma. Muyeneranso kuphimba bokosi pamwamba ndikuyika pamalo amdima.
Mizu yodula mizu mkati mwa masabata awiri.
Anabzala monard pamalo osatha mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, ndipo chaka chotsatira chomera chosatha chidzakondweretsa diso lanu.
Mukudziwa? Papaver imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chowonjezera ku tizilombo tomwe timadziwika bwino ku British Earl Gray, ndikuchipatsa kukoma kodabwitsa.
Monarda kukana matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Monga tanenera kale, monard ili ndi fungo lokhazikika, koma silimangokondweretsa florists, komanso limateteza mbeu ku tizirombo.
Monga zomera zonse, monarda ikhoza kukhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Ndi makamaka powdery mildew. Kawirikawiri, chomera chimakhudzidwa ndi dzimbiri kapena fodya.
Mame a nthenda ndi matenda a fungal omwe angayambidwe chifukwa chomwa madzi osadziwika. Kubalalika koyera kumawoneka pamwamba pa masamba a Monarda, kumene madontho amadzi akupanga.
Patapita nthawi, nkhondoyo imakhala yotopetsa ndipo itatha bulauni. The bowa overwinter pa zowononga zomera. Njira yoyamba yolimbana ndi powdery mildew - kuyeretsa ndi kuwotcha zatsalirazi. Komanso ziyenera kudulidwa kumapeto kwa nyengo ya mphukira.
Powdery mildew ingathe kuthandizidwa ndi biofungicides, monga Fitosporin-M, Pseudobacterin-2, Planriz, ndi Alirin-B.
Mukudziwa? Mafuta a mitundu yonse ya Monarda ali ndi fungo la mandimu ndi timbewu ta timbewu timene timaphatikizapo zakudya zakudya ndi saladi.
Maonekedwe okongola, fungo, kusamalidwa kosavuta ndi kulima - izi sizili ubwino wa Monarda. Tsopano pozindikira zinsinsi zonse za kukula chomera, mungathe kugula mbewu ndikukhala ndi chozizwitsa chanu pa tsamba lanu.
