Onse okonda tomato okoma ndi owometsera adzasangalala ndi wodalitsidwa wosakanizidwa "Leo Tolstoy". Ndi bwino kukula mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pansi pansi pa filimuyo, zipatso ndi zazikulu, zowala, zokoma kwambiri. Nyama yamatchi ingadye mwatsopano kapena yogwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga juisi, sauces ndi mbatata yosenda.
Ngati mukufuna chidwi ndi tomato zosiyanasiyana, werengani zambiri pa nkhaniyi. Mmenemo tidzakuuzani za zochitika za kulima, komanso za makhalidwe akuluakulu.
Phwetekere "tolstoy" F1: kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana
Wosakanizidwa wa Russia akusankhidwa amachotsedwa ku kulima m'madera onse. Tomato amafesedwa pansi pansi pa filimuyi kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha, malingana ndi nyengo yoyendera. Zipatso zokolola zimasungidwa bwino, zotheka kuyenda ndi zotheka. Tomato, atengedwa muyeso yakucha, zipse mwamsanga kunyumba.
Mitundu imeneyi ndi wosakanizidwa wa m'badwo woyamba, wodzichepetsa ku zikhalidwe zomangidwa. Chitsamba ndi chokhazikika, mpaka 130 cm pamwamba. Chomera chokwanira, cholimba sichiyenera kudulidwa ndi kumangidwa. Chomeracho chimapanga zomera zochepa. Pakati-oyambirira wosakanizidwa, fruiting imayamba pa 110-115 tsiku. Kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi mukhoza kutenga 2.5-3 makilogalamu a tomato.
Zina mwa ubwino waukulu wa zosiyanasiyana:
- zokolola zabwino;
- zowakometsera minofu ya zipatso zokoma ndi zonunkhira zokoma;
- kukana matenda akuluakulu a nightshade;
- chisangalalo;
- chitsamba chosakanikirana chomwe sichimafuna kugwedeza ndi kumangiriza ku chithandizo.
Pali zolakwika zosiyana siyana. Amaluwa ena amawona kuti mazira ochepa amapezeka pansi pa nyengo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imayang'ana kufunika kwa thanzi la nthaka.
Zizindikiro za chipatso:
- Zipatso zimakhala zazikulu kukula. Pamagulu oyambirira, tomato nthawi zambiri amakhala aakulu, kufika 500 g. Tomato otsala ndi ang'onoang'ono, 200-300 g uliwonse.
- Kupukusa kumapitirira nthawi yonseyi.
- Tomato wobiriwira amakhala wofiira kwambiri, mawonekedwe ake ndi ophwanyika, amang'amba pang'ono.
- Khungu lodziŵika bwino limateteza tomato kupyola.
- Mu zipatso za zipinda 5-6, thupi ndi yowutsa mudyo, yokoma mokoma.
- Kukoma ndi kolemera kwambiri. Ena amayerekezera kukoma kwa tomato ndi chivwende.
- Zakudya zamtundu wa shuga ndi beta-carotene zimapangitsa chipatso kukhala choyenera kwa ana komanso chakudya.
Saladi osiyana, oyenera kuphika mbale, mbale zophika, supu, masukati ndi mbatata yosenda. Zipatso zowonjezera zimapanga madzi okwanira ndi okoma, abwino kwa chakudya cha ana.
Chithunzi
Mutha kuona zipatso za phwetekere "Leo Tolstoy" pa chithunzichi:
Zizindikiro za kukula
Mbewu ya mbande imafesedwa mu March ndi kumayambiriro kwa April. Kubzala pogwiritsa ntchito nthaka yochepa ndi kusalowerera ndale. Zomwe zimapangidwira - chisakanizo cha munda kapena sod land ndi humus kapena peat. Pofuna kuthamanga kwambiri, kutsuka mchenga wa mchenga kapena vermiculite kumawonjezedwa kunthaka. Zakudya zabwino zidzawonjezera mlingo waing'ono wa superphosphate kapena phulusa la nkhuni.
Mbewu isanayambe kufesa imapezeka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la hydrogen peroxide kapena potaziyamu permanganate, kenaka imalowa muzowonjezera maola 10-12. Mbeu yokonzeka ndi youma imafesedwa ndi kuya kwa masentimita 1.5 ndipo ili ndi filimu. Kutentha kwabwino kwa kumera ndi madigiri 25. Pambuyo kumera, mbewu zimasunthira kumalo okongola: pawindo lawindo, moyang'anizana kumwera, kapena pansi pa nyali zamagetsi zamphamvu.
Pambuyo poonekera masamba awiri a masamba awiriwa, nyembazo zimatuluka miphika yosiyana. Pambuyo pake, feteleza imapangidwa ndi zovuta mchere feteleza. Kuthirira mbande ndi kosavuta, madzi okhazikika amadziwika. Kwa mbande zinayamba mofanana, miphika ya mbande imatembenuka nthawi zonse. Chipinda chofuna kubzala pansi, muyenera kuumitsa. Amatulutsidwa panja, pang'onopang'ono akuwonjezera nthaŵi yawo pamsewu. Pa masiku ofunda, mbande zimatha tsiku lonse pakhomo kapena m'munda.
Kufika pansi kapena kutentha kumapezeka mu May kapena kumayambiriro kwa June. Musanabzala, nthaka imamasulidwa mosamala, fetashi phosphate feteleza ndi phulusa la matabwa (supuni imodzi pa chitsamba) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chitsime chilichonse. Mitengo imabzalidwa ndi nthawi ya masentimita 40, mtunda wa pakati pa mizere - 60 masentimita. Mutabzala zomera zimathirira madzi otentha. Kuwonjezera madzi okwanira ndi osakwanira, 1 nthawi m'masiku 6-7. Tomato salola kuti chinyezi chikhale chambiri, koma sichimakonda chilala. Kuthirira kumaperekedwa pambuyo poti topsoil imauma pang'ono.
Pakati pa nyengo, zimalimbikitsa 3-4 nthawi kudyetsa plantings ndi zovuta feteleza ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Pambuyo pa kuyamba kwa maluwa, nitrogenous feteleza sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchititsa chachikulu kutuluka kwa mazira. Zipatso zimakololedwa pamene zimapsa ndikukhala chilimwe. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, mimbayi imapangidwa pamaso pa chisanu, zipatso zomaliza zimatha kupsa kunyumba.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Monga hybrids ambiri, Leo Tolstoy amakhala ndi matenda enaake: fusarium, kuchepa kwachedwa, ndi imvi zowola. Kuteteza matenda opatsirana kumatenda kumathandiza kuchepetsa nthaka ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate kapena mkuwa sulphate. Ndibwino kuti mukulima tomato m'nthaka, yomwe inali ndi masamba, zokometsera zitsamba, kabichi kapena kaloti. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, pamwamba pake pamasinthidwa chaka ndi chaka.
Nthaka pakati pa mizere iyenera kukhala yochuluka ndi peat kapena udzu, izi zidzateteza zomera kuchokera ku zovuta mochedwa ndi blackleg. Kuchokera ku matenda a fungalulo kumathandiza nthawi zonse kutuluka kwa greenhouses, komanso kupopera mbewu mobwerezabwereza kwa zomera ndi wotumbululuka pinki njira ya potaziyamu permanganate kapena kuchepetsedwa phytosporin. Mitengo yodwala iyenera kuwonongeka mwamsanga. Ndi njira zothandizira panthaŵi yake, kutenga chiopsezo cha tomato kumachepera.
Kufufuza kafukufuku nthawi zonse kudzathandiza kupewa tizirombo. Tomato amaopsezedwa ndi nsalu zamaliseche, aphid, whitefly, thrips, akangaude.
Kumunda, zomera zimakantha mabomba a Colorado ndi chimbalangondo. Pochotseratu slugs ndi mphutsi za kafadala, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala amadzi a ammonia. Zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zimatsukidwa ndi madzi otentha a sopo, ndipo mite imawonongedwa mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo. Nkofunika kuti musalole mankhwala oopsa pa nthaka, maluwa ndi zipatso.
"Leo Tolstoy" ndi yosakanikirana ndi yosakanizidwa, yomwe ndi yofunika kukula osati odziwa bwino komanso osamalira wamaluwa. Kubzala tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha, kupewa kudya ndi matenda nthawi zonse kumathandiza kuti mukolole bwino. Pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono, sipadzakhala mavuto ndi zosiyana, zolakwika zing'onozing'ono zimaloledwa.
